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i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering (JELE)

Current Issue Vol. 15 Issue 1

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Volume 10 Issue 1 September - November 2019

Research Paper

Evaluating wiring Configurations for RTD Sensor in Temperature Measurement

Anjali Rai* , Deepak Yadav**

*Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India.

**Directorate of Flight Instrumentation, Research Centre Imarat, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Rai, A., & Yadav, D. (2019). Evaluating wiring Configurations for RTD Sensor in Temperature Measurement. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 10(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.10.1.16422

Abstract

This article compares the accuracy achieved by the various Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) configurations using the MAX31865 device. This design offers an interface for PT100 RTD using MAX31865 RTD to digital converter. The RTD is connected to the anti-aliasing filter and the filter output is converted into a digital signal using the MAX31865 device. The final temperature readout is monitored on the computer for validation. The proposed temperature sensor interfacing can be utilized in multi-channel temperature measurement in the telemetry systems. RTD sensor configurations with 2, 3 and 4 wires are evaluated and accurate results are obtained in 4 wire configuration. Furthermore, in this sensor interfacing Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) output requires only one micro-controller unit, which reduces the circuit complexity and power requirement to a great extent.

References

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[7]. Makinwa, K. A. A., & Witte, J. F. (2005). A temperature sensor based on a thermal oscillator. IEEE Sensors, Irvine, CA, (pp. 1-4). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS. 2005.1597908

[8]. Maxim (2015). MAX31865: RTD-to-Digital Converter. Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. Retrieved from https:// datasheets.maximintegrated.com/en/ds/MAX31865.pdf

[9]. Quan, R., Sonmez, U., Sebastiano, F., & Makinwa, K. A. (2015, February). 27.8 A 4600 μm 2 1.5°C (3σ) 0.9 kS/s thermal-diffusivity temperature sensor with VCO-based readout. In 2015 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference-(ISSCC) Digest of Technical Papers (pp. 1-3). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSCC.2015.7063139

[10]. Salem, S. B., Fakhfakh, M., Masmoudi, D. S., Loulou, M., Loumeau, P., & Masmoudi, N. (2006). A high performances CMOS CCII and high frequency applications. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 49(1), 71-78. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10470- 006-8694-4

[11]. Sönmez, U., Sebastiano, F., & Makinwa, K. A. (2016). 11.4 1650μm2 thermal-diffusivity sensors with inaccuracies down to ±0.75° C in 40nm CMOS. In 2016 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC) (pp.206-207). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSCC.2016.7417979

[12]. Sveda, M., Benes, P., Vrba, R., & Zezulka, F. (2005). Introduction to industrial sensor networking. Handbook of Sensor Networks: Compact Wireless and Wired Sensing Systems, (pp. 10-24). https://doi.org/10.1201/978020 3489635.ch10.

[13]. Van-Vroonhoven, C. P., & Makinwa, K. A. (2011, September). Thermal diffusivity sensing: A new temperature sensing paradigm. In 2011 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC) (pp. 1-6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CICC.2011.6055368

[14]. Zhu, W., Liu, J., Yang, H., & Yan, C. (2015). Design of high precision temperature measurement system based on Labview. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 6(6), 153-155. https://doi.org/ 10.14569/IJACSA.2015.060621

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Research Paper

Adaptive Beamforming Algorithms Applicable for Mobile Communication

Pavan Mankal* , Sanjay C. Gowre**

*-** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Bheemanna Khandre Institute of Technology, Bhalki, Karnataka, India.

Mankal, P., & Gowre, S. C. (2019). Adaptive Beamforming Algorithms Applicable for Mobile Communication. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 10(1), 8-15. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.10.1.15575

Abstract

A smart antenna system attracts a lot of attention now a days and believed to be more in the future. The smart antennas when used in communication system, enhances the system capacity, efficiency and bandwidth. From the past decade huge amount of research has been carried out in array signal processing to improve the communications systems. In this paper, most popular beamforming methods used in array signal processing are discussed in terms of its benefits and the reason for its popularity. Furthermore, various fixed weight beamforming and adaptive beamforming techniques are also discussed in this paper. A simulation of beamforming in a particular direction of interest with nulls in interfering o o directions is done using MATLAB simulation software. Array factor for the range between -90^o ≤ θ ≤ 90^o are plotted The purpose of this article is to give an overview of the technology and used beamforming techniques.

References

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[2]. Bakhar, M., & Hunagund, D. P. (2009). Eigen structure based direction of arrival estimation algorithms for smart antenna systems. International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security (IJCSNS), 9(11), 96-100.

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[4]. Bakhar, M., & Vani, R. M. (2016). Robust blind beam formers for smart antenna system using window techniques. Procedia Computer Science, 93, 713-720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.07.274

[5]. Dakulagi, V., & Bakhar, M. (2017a). A novel LMS beamformer for adaptive antenna array. Procedia Computer Science, 115, 94-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.procs.2017.09.081

[6]. Dakulagi, V., & Bakhar, M. (2017b). Efficient blind beamforming algorithms for phased array and MIMO RADAR. IETE Journal of Research, 64(2), 241-246. https://doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2017.1351319

[7]. Dakulagi. V. (2018). Compact multiband planar inverted L-patch antenna array for smart mobile phones. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 8(3), 32- 35. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.8.3.14415

[8]. Dakulagi, V., & Bakhar, M. (2019). Smart antenna system for DOA estimation using single snapshot. Wireless Personal Communications, 107(1), 81-93. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11277-019-06241-0

[9]. Dakulagi, V., Noubade, A., Agasgere, A., Doddi, P., & Fatima, K. (2019). Modified adaptive beamforming algorithms for 4G-LTE smart-phones. In Soft Computing and Signal Processing (pp. 561-568). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3393-4_57. oi.org/10.26634/jele.8.3.14415

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[17]. Veerendra, D., & Bakhar, M. (2016). Smart antennas for next generation mobile communication. i-manager's Journal on Digital Signal Processing, 4(3), 6-11. https://doi.org/10.26634/jdp.4.3.8142

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[19]. Veerendra, D., Bakhar, M., & Vani, R. M. (2017). Smart antennas for spectrum sensing using cognitive radio networks. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 6(1), 32-37. https://doi.org/ 10.26634/jcs.6.1.10357

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[21]. Wong, K. L. (2002). Compact circularly polarized microstrip antennas. Compact and Broadband Microstrip Antennas (pp. 162-220). Wiley Online Library. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471221112.ch5

[22]. Yang, X. H., & Shafai, L. (1994, June). Multi frequency operation technique for aperture coupled microstrip antennas. In Proceedings of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium and URSI National Radio Science Meeting (Vol. 2, pp. 1198-1201). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1994.407875

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Research Paper

Designing of Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) for Measurement of pH in Water Treatment Plant

Prashant V. Mane Deshmukh* , Ashwini B. More , B. P. Ladgaonkar*, S. K. Tilekar****

Department of Electronics, Jayawantrao Sawant College of Commerce and Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

, Department of Electronics, Shankarrao Mohite Mahavidyalaya, Solapur, Maharashtra, India.

Ganpatrao Arwade College of Commerce, Sangli, Maharashtra, India.

Deshmukh, P. V. M., More, A. B., Ladgaokar, B. P., & Tilekar, S. K. (2019). Designing of Remote Terminal Unit for Measurement of pH in Water Treatment Plant. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 10(1), 16-21. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.10.1.15275

Abstract

Nowadays, the industrial automatization is the need of the hour for improving process in various industries. On survey, it is observed that, it may help to increase the quality, reduces cost and time to get the product in market. The physiochemical monitoring and controlling is the challenging task in the field of Industrial sectors. Considering such facts, it is proposed to develop Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) to monitor the physical parameter. The present research work is carried out to monitor the pH of water in water treatment plant. For this purpose, the RTU is wired with FRDM-KL25Z based ARM Cortex™ M0+ core microcontroller along with sensing and signal conditioning capabilities are used. Moreover, the sensed and processed signal is transmitted towards supervisory computer through RS232. On other hand, the pH of the water is recorded on the supervisory computer of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system. The RTU is calibrated to demonstrate the pH in standard unit. The developed system works successfully for monitoring the pH of water under experimental conditions.

References

[1]. Adat, D. M., Deshmukh, P. V., Tilekar, S. K., & Ladgaonkar, B. P. (2017). Smart fusion based cSoC for wireless sensor network for agricultural applications. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 3(5), 161-168.

[2]. Chauhan, R. K., Dewal, M. L., & Chauhan, K. (2010), Intelligent SCADA system. International Journal on Power System Optimization and Control, 2 (1), 143-149.

[3]. Daigavane, V. V., & Gaikwad, M. A. (2017). Water quality monitoring system based on IoT. Advances in Wireless and Mobile Communications, 10(5), 1107-1116.

[4]. Deshmukh, P. M., Pathan, S. C., Chanvan, S. V., Tilekar, S. K., & Ladgaonkar, B. P. (2016). Wireless sensor network for monitoring of air pollution near industrial sector. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 6(6), 638-645.

[5]. FRDM-KL25Z (n.d). Freedom Developement Platform Kinetis. Retrieved from https://www.nxp.com/design/ development-boards/freedom-development-boards/ mcu-boards/freedom-development-platform-for-kinetiskl14- kl15-kl24-kl25-mcus:FRDM-KL25Z?&tab=Buy_ Parametric_Tab#buy

[6]. Jiang, P. (2007). Survey on key technology of WSN-based wetland water quality remote real-time monitoring system. Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators, 20(1), 183-186.

[7]. Jiang, P., Xia, H., He, Z., & Wang, Z. (2009). Design of a water environment monitoring system based on wireless sensor networks. Sensors, 9 (8), 6411-6434. https://doi.org/10.3390/s90806411

[8]. Kumbhar N. N., & Deshmukh P. V. M. (2018). Designing and development of PIC 18F4550 based wireless natural light intensity control system for polyhouse for agricultural applications. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 4 (1), 1373-1377.

[9]. Kumbhar N. N., & Deshmukh, P. V. M. (2017). Smart door locking system using wireless communication technology. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 5 (VIII), 507-512.

[10]. Lab Grade pH Probe (n.d). Atlas Scientific Environmental Robotics. Retrieved from https://www. atlas-scientific.com/_files/_datasheets/_probe/pH_probe.

[11]. Ma, D., Mason, C., & Ghoreishizadeh, S. S. (2017, October). A wireless system for continuous in-mouth pH monitoring. In 2017 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) (pp. 1-4). IEEE. https://doi.org/10. 1109/BIOCAS.2017.8325556

[12]. Tilekar, S. K., & Ladgaonkar, B. P. (2013). Designing of mixed signal based programmable system on chip for temperature compensated pH measurement. International Journal of scientific and Engineering Research, 4(6), 672-677.

[13]. Tilekar, S. K., Deshmukh, P. V. M., Ladgaonkar, B. P., & Chavan, S. V. (2017). Synthesis of reconfigurable embedded system to measure temperature compensated dissolved oxygen concentration. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 7(5), 592-597. https://doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse/SV7I5/0320

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Research Paper

Design of Hybrid Full Adders for Power Minimization and High Speed using XOR and XNOR Gates

Pramod Kumar Aylapogu*

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vardhaman College of Engineering (Autonomous), Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Aylapogu, P. K. (2019). Design of Hybrid Full Adders for Power Minimization and High Speed using XOR and XNOR Gates. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 10(1), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.10.1.16227

Abstract

In recent trends, power optimization and improvement of speed are the key researches in the VLSI circuit design. This paper presents an advanced hybrid full adder. Most of the adder has a powerful impact on the overall performance of the system. The modern design is correlated with some actual designs to enhance performance parameters such as power utilization, delay, and PDP. In the proposed circuit, the power delay product is maximum of 96.8% with respect to Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) at minor frequency. The power utilization is increased at a slow rate in contrast to other adders with increase in frequency. The simulations are drifting out on Cadence Virtuoso at 130 nm. By correlating with the previous Full Adder (FA) designs, the present operation was found to offer a powerful improvement in terms of speed and power.

References

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Review Paper

A Review on Electrochemical Sensors based on Carbon Nanotubes

Roberto Marani* , Anna Gina Perri**

*Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), National Research Council, Italy.

**Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy.

Marani, R., & Perri, A. G. (2019). A Review on Electrochemical Sensors based on Carbon Nanotubes. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 10(1), 29-37. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.10.1.16358

Abstract

The discovery of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) had attracted many researchers to study their applications in the nanotechnology field including those in the biomedical field, due to the remarkable physical, chemical, electrical and optical characteristic proprieties of CNTs, which make them one of the best suited for biosensors. The CNTs based electrochemical biosensors are used for diagnostic as well as therapeutic applications, especially in the field of oncology. In this paper, the authors present a review on electrochemical sensors based on CNTs, with particular reference to their applications in biomedical field, highlighting the state of the art and the necessary developments to solve the current issues related to this technology.

References

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[2]. Cai, C., & Chen, J. (2004). Direct electron transfer of glucose oxidase promoted by carbon nanotubes. Analytical Biochemistry, 332(1), 75-83. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ab.2004.05.057

[3]. Chen, Z., Tabakman, S. M., Goodwin, A. P., Kattah, M. G., Daranciang, D., Wang, X., Zhang, G., Li, X., Liu, Z., Utz, P. J., Jiang, K., Fan, S., & Dai, H. (2008). Protein microarrays with carbon nanotubes as multicolor Raman labels. Nature Biotechnology, 26(11), 1285-1292. https://doi.org/ 10.1038/nbt.1501

[4]. Fei, S., Chen, J., Yao, S., Deng, G., He, D., & Kuang, Y. (2005). Electrochemical behavior of L-cysteine and its detection at carbon nanotube electrode modified with platinum. Analytical Biochemistry, 339(1), 29-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2005.01.002

[5]. Feng, Q. M., Pan, J. B., Zhang, H. R., Xu, J. J., & Chen, H. Y. (2014). Disposable paper-based bipolar electrode for sensitive electrochemiluminescence detection of a cancer biomarker. Chemical Communications, 50(75), 10949-10951. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CC03102D

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[8]. Gelao, G., Marani, R., Diana, R., & Perri, A. G. (2010). A semiempirical SPICE model for n-type conventional CNTFETs. IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology, 10(3), 506-512. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2010.2049499

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Review Paper

Simulation Of Heterogeneous FM-MCF for the Enhancement of Capacity using Hexagonal, Octagonal and Decagonal Structures: A Review

Shruti Vilas Geete* , Vikas Sahu**

*_** Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India.

Geete, S. V., & Sahu, V. (2019). Simulation of Heterogeneous FM-MCF for the Enhancement of Capacity using Hexagonal, Octagonal and Decagonal Structures: A Review. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 10(1), 38-44. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.10.1.16129

Abstract

This paper is the combined overview of the progress made in the field of Multicore Fiber (MCF) as well as in Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF). These days, it has been seen that the MCF is the best option to overcome the previous technology used for the optical communication system due to the fact that it has large transmission capacity. In MCF, Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) transmission is used to enhance its transmission capacity by varying the parameters like number of cores and modes within it, whereas in PCF, the air holes are arranged in various geometries and are replaced by different materials such that the obtained parameters like confinement loss and dispersion can be reduced. The main objective of this paper is to use and combine the advantages of both MCF and PCF. This overview is done to analyze the optical parameters of MCF by varying its structural parameters. The calculations for analyzing the same shall be done in COMSOL Multiphysics software and the graph shall be plotted in MATLAB.

References

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[4]. Joshi,A., Shrivastava, S.M., Sahu, V., Sanghvi, A.S., Bhadra, A., Anshu, & Tirkey, N. (2016). Modeling of polarization filter based on photonic crystal fiber using surface plasmon resonance : A review. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 7(1), 31-36. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.7.1.8282

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[6]. Matsuo, S., Takenaga, K., Sasaki, Y., Amma, Y., Saito, S., Saitoh, K., ... & Miyamoto, Y. (2015). High-spatial-multiplicity multicore fibers for future dense space-division- multiplexing systems. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 34(6), 1464-1475. https://doi.org/10.1109/ JLT.2015.2508928

[7]. Panda, S. G., Sahu, V., & Joshi, A. (2018a). Analysis of selectively filled Ethanol holes in octagonal ring of photonic crystal fiber. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 8(4), 34-40. https://doi.org/10.26634/ jele.8.4.14783

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[12]. Sakaguchi, J., Klaus, W., Mendinueta, J. M. D., Puttnam, B. J., Luís, R. S., Awaji, Y., ... & Kokubun, Y. (2015). Large spatial channel (36-core× 3 mode) heterogeneous few-mode multicore fiber. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 34(1), 93-103. https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT. 2015.2481086

[13]. Sasaki, Y., Amma, Y., Takenaga, K., Matsuo, S., Saitoh, K., & Koshiba, M. (2015). Few-mode multicore fibre with 36 spatial modes (Three modes (LP01, LP11a, LP11b) ×12 cores). In 2014 the European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC) (pp. 1-3). https://doi. org/10.1109/ECOC.2014.6964212

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i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering (JELE)

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Volume 10 Issue 1 September - November 2019

Evaluating wiring Configurations for RTD Sensor in Temperature Measurement

Anjali Rai* , Deepak Yadav**

*Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India. **Directorate of Flight Instrumentation, Research Centre Imarat, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Rai, A., & Yadav, D. (2019). Evaluating wiring Configurations for RTD Sensor in Temperature Measurement. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 10(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.10.1.16422

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Adaptive Beamforming Algorithms Applicable for Mobile Communication

Pavan Mankal* , Sanjay C. Gowre**

*-** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Bheemanna Khandre Institute of Technology, Bhalki, Karnataka, India.

Mankal, P., & Gowre, S. C. (2019). Adaptive Beamforming Algorithms Applicable for Mobile Communication. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 10(1), 8-15. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.10.1.15575

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Designing of Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) for Measurement of pH in Water Treatment Plant

Prashant V. Mane Deshmukh* , Ashwini B. More **, B. P. Ladgaonkar***, S. K. Tilekar****

*Department of Electronics, Jayawantrao Sawant College of Commerce and Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India. **,**** Department of Electronics, Shankarrao Mohite Mahavidyalaya, Solapur, Maharashtra, India. *** Ganpatrao Arwade College of Commerce, Sangli, Maharashtra, India.

Deshmukh, P. V. M., More, A. B., Ladgaokar, B. P., & Tilekar, S. K. (2019). Designing of Remote Terminal Unit for Measurement of pH in Water Treatment Plant. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 10(1), 16-21. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.10.1.15275

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Design of Hybrid Full Adders for Power Minimization and High Speed using XOR and XNOR Gates

Pramod Kumar Aylapogu*

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vardhaman College of Engineering (Autonomous), Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Aylapogu, P. K. (2019). Design of Hybrid Full Adders for Power Minimization and High Speed using XOR and XNOR Gates. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 10(1), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.10.1.16227

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A Review on Electrochemical Sensors based on Carbon Nanotubes

Roberto Marani* , Anna Gina Perri**

*Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), National Research Council, Italy. **Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy.

Marani, R., & Perri, A. G. (2019). A Review on Electrochemical Sensors based on Carbon Nanotubes. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 10(1), 29-37. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.10.1.16358

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Simulation Of Heterogeneous FM-MCF for the Enhancement of Capacity using Hexagonal, Octagonal and Decagonal Structures: A Review

Shruti Vilas Geete* , Vikas Sahu**

*_** Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India.

Geete, S. V., & Sahu, V. (2019). Simulation of Heterogeneous FM-MCF for the Enhancement of Capacity using Hexagonal, Octagonal and Decagonal Structures: A Review. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 10(1), 38-44. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.10.1.16129

Abstract

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*Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India.

**Directorate of Flight Instrumentation, Research Centre Imarat, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Prashant V. Mane Deshmukh* , Ashwini B. More , B. P. Ladgaonkar*, S. K. Tilekar****

Department of Electronics, Jayawantrao Sawant College of Commerce and Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

, Department of Electronics, Shankarrao Mohite Mahavidyalaya, Solapur, Maharashtra, India.

Ganpatrao Arwade College of Commerce, Sangli, Maharashtra, India.

*Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), National Research Council, Italy.

**Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy.