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i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering (JELE)

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Volume 12 Issue 2 December - February 2022

Research Paper

Development of High Data Rate Optical Transmitter in C-Band using External Modulation Technique

Vikas Agrawal* , P. K. Pandey, R. K. Bahl*

*-*** Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organization, Ahmedabad, India.

Agrawal, V., Pandey, P. K., and Bahl, R. K. (2022). Development of High Data Rate Optical Transmitter in C-Band using External Modulation Technique. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 12(2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.12.2.18517

Abstract

This paper presents the development and characterization of high-speed ON-OFF Keying (OOK) Optical Transmitter up to 12 Gbps using External Modulation Technique that comprises Continuous Wave (CW) laser, Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM), and ultra-high bandwidth driver amplifier for MZM. The CW laser driver and high bandwidth modulator driver amplifier has been designed and integrated with the modulator which is biased for OOK modulation scheme. This work includes Direct Current (DC), Optical and Radio Frequency (RF) characterization of MZM modulator; selection of suitable bias point for modulator to achieve OOK modulation format, design and development of wideband driver amplifier in microstrip configuration on 25-mil alumina using Hittite device. The biasing circuit for distributed feedback laser is designed as an unmodulated CW optical signal to feed optical modulator. In this work, the assembly and characterization of optical transmitter is also carried out and performance is analyzed in terms of different parameters such as Extinction ratio and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) etc.

References

[1]. Asmari, A., Hodgkinson, J., Chehura, E., Staines, S. E., & Tatam, R. P. (2017). All-electronic frequency stabilization of a DFB laser diode. Optics Express, 25(10), 11679-11691. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.011679

[2]. Cao, W., Liu, S., Littlejohns, C. G., Thomson, D. J., Nedeljkovic, M., Zhang, W., & Mashanovich, G. Z. (2021). High-speed silicon Michelson interferometer modulator and streamlined IMDD PAM-4 transmission of Mach- Zehnder modulators for the 2 μm wavelength band. Optics Express, 29(10), 14438-14451.

[3]. Eduard Sackinger. (2005). Optical Transmitter. Broadband Circuits for Optical Fiber Communication (pp.234-235). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

[4]. Gnauck, A. H., Darcie, T. E., & Bodeep, G. E. (1992). Comparison of direct and external modulation for CATV lightwave transmission at 1, 5μm wavelength. Electronics Letters, 28(20), 1875-1876.

[5]. Islam, S., Khan, M. F., Hossan, M. Z., & Amin, M. A. (2019, July). An overview of radio over fiber (RoF) technology. In 2019 2^nd International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT), (Vol. 1, pp. 749-752). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICICT46008.2019.8993233

[6]. Khwandah, S. A., Cosmas, J. P., Glover, I. A., Lazaridis, P. I., Prasad, N. R., & Zaharis, Z. D. (2015). Direct and external intensity modulation in OFDM RoF links. IEEE Photonics Journal, 7(4), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2015.2456499

[7]. Liu, X., Zhang, X., van Dommele, R., Gao, H., Leenaerts, D., & Matters-Kammerer, M. K. (2018, November). A DC to 40 GHz 4-Vpp output high-efficiency linear driver for optical communication. In 2018 Asia- Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC) (pp. 1519-1521). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/APMC.2018.8617463

[8]. Maho, A., Faugeron, M., Le Kernec, A., Elayoubi, K., & Sotom, M. (2019, July). Assessment of the effective performance of DPSK vs. OOK in satellite-based optical communications. In International Conference on Space Optics—ICSO 2018 (Vol. 11180, pp. 2101-2107). SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2536128

[9]. Minshid, M. A., Kadhim, S. A., Rasool, Q. A., & Lateef, S. M. (2017). Design and simulation of externally modulation technique based Radio Over Fiber (ROF) communication system. International Journal of Engineering Sciences and Research Technology, 6(7), 702-709.

[10]. Regoli, C. (2007, September). Impedance matching by using a multi-stub system. In Proceedings of the 7^th WSEAS Int. Conf. on Simulation, Modeling and Optimization, Beijing, China (pp. 15-17).

[11]. Samani, A., El-Fiky, E., Morsy-Osman, M., Li, R., Patel, D., Hoang, T., & Plant, D. V. (2019). Silicon photonic Mach–Zehnder modulator architectures for on chip PAM- 4 signal generation. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 37(13), 2989-2999.

[12]. Vanderka, A., Hajek, L., Latal, J., Vitasek, J., & Koudelka, P. (2014). Design, simulation and testing of the OOK NRZ modulation format for free space optic communication in a simulation box. Advances in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 12(6), 604-616. https://doi.org/10.15598/aeee.v12i6.1255

[13]. Wu, H., Tseng, P. H., Liu, C. N., Jou, J. J., Cheng, W. H., Wu, Y. D., & Shih, T. T. (2020, June). Design of Optical Transmitter Module for O-band Silicon Photonic Engine. In 2020 IEEE 70^th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) (pp. 2209-2214). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECTC32862.2020.00344

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Research Paper

Humidity Monitoring of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Based on Programmable System on Chip

N. N. Kumbhar* , S. A. Tingare, S. S. Dalvi, S. K. Tilekar, P. V. Mane-Deshmukh

, Department of Electronics, Mudhoji College, Phaltan, Maharashtra, India.

Shankarrao Mohite Mahavidyalaya, Akluj, Maharashtra, India.

Department of Electronics, Shankarrao Mohite Mahavidyalaya, Akluj, Maharashtra, India.

* Department of Electronics, Jayawantrao Sawant College of Commerce and Science, Hadapsar, Maharashtra, India.

Kumbhar, N. N., Tingare, S. A., Dalvi, S. S., Tilekar, S. K., and Mane-Deshmukh, P. V. (2022). Humidity Monitoring of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Based on Programmable System on Chip. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 12(2), 9-15. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.12.2.18650

Abstract

A premature baby's treatment takes place in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The NICU is an isolated room and it consists of a number of baby incubators and measuring, monitoring devices such as incubator, overhead heater, monitors, ambient oxygen analyser, intravenous drip, feeding pump and tubes, power supply, ventilator monitor, ventilator, etc. The measuring and controlling parameters are temperature of baby and baby incubator, oxygen level, CO2 level, pulse rates, humidity, light intensity etc. This research paper deals with monitoring the humidity of baby incubators. The increase or decrease of humidity levels causes an effect on the baby's health. High humidity creates problems such as heat exhaustion, heat stroke and an overproduction of mold causes allergies. The monitoring and controlling of humidity are the most important parameters in NICU. The humidity of the baby incubator is monitored using a humidity sensor. The sensing data is given to the Programmable System on Chip (PSoC). The system under investigation is designed successfully and reported in this paper.

References

[1]. Amer, G. M., & Al-Aubidy, K. M. (2005, March). Novel Technique to Control the Premature Infant Incubator System Using ANN. In Proceedings of Third International Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD 2005), Sousse, Tunisia (pp. 21-24).

[2]. Bansal, H., Mathew, L., & Gupta, A. (2015). Controlling of Temperature and Humidity for an Infant Incubator Using Microcontroller, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, 4(6), 4975-4982. https://doi.org/10.15662/ijareeie.2015.0406012

[3]. Bouwstra, S., Chen, W., Feijs, L., & Oetomo, S. B. (2009, June). Smart jacket design for neonatal monitoring with wearable sensors. In 2009, Sixth International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (pp. 162-167). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/BSN.2009.40

[4]. Chen, W., Nguyen, S. T., Coops, R., Oetomo, S. B., & Feijs, L. (2009, November). Wireless transmission design for health monitoring at neonatal intensive care units. In 2009, 2^nd International Symposium on Applied Sciences in Biomedical and Communication Technologies (pp. 1-6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISABEL.2009.5373671

[5]. Costa, E. J. L., Freire, R. C. S., Silva, J. B. A., Cursino, C. M. P., Oliveira, C. R., Pereira, B. A. M., & Silva, R. F. L. (2009). Humidity control system in newborn incubator. Fundamental and Applied Metrology, pp.1760-1764.

[6]. Dhatrak, V., Gholap, R., Patil, S., Bhaldar, N., & Mhetre, M. (2014, April). Intelligent Baby Incubator Using LabVIEW, 2^nd International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Techno-Sciences (ETETS), 3(3), 50-54.

[7]. Dive, K., & Kulkarni, G. (2013). Design of embedded device for incubator for the monitoring of infants. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 3(11), 541-546.

[8]. Ishak, D. N. F. M., Jamil, M. M. A., & Ambar, R. (2017, August). Arduino based infant monitoring system. In IOP Conference series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 226, No. 1, p. 012095). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/226/1/012095

[9]. Joshi, H., & Shinde, D. (2015). PIC Microcontroller Based Efficient Baby Incubator. Int. J. Adv. Res. Electric., Electron. Instrum. Eng, 4(2), 832-837.

[10]. Joshi, N. S., Kamat, R. K., & Gaikwad, P. K. (2013). Development of wireless monitoring system for neonatal intensive care unit. International Journal of Advanced Computer Research, 3(3), 106.

[11]. Kumbhar, M. N., Tilekar, S. K., & Mane-Deshmukh, P. V. (2019). Development of Mixed Signal Based SoC for Monitoring of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Parameters. Journal of Science and Technology, 4(5), 29-34.

[12]. Lyon, A. J., Pikaar, M. E., Badger, P., & McIntosh, N. (n.d.). Temperature control in very low birthweight infants during first five days of life. Archives of Disease in Childhood-Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 76(1), F47-F50. https://doi.org/10.1136/fn.76.1.F47

[13]. Patil, S. P., and Mhetre, M. R. (2014). Intelligent Baby Monitoring System, ITSI Transactions on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ITSI-TEEE), 2(1), 11-16.

[14]. Shabaan, A. R., El-Metwally, S. M., Farghaly, M. M. A., & Sharawi, A. A. (2013, August). PID and fuzzy logic optimized control for temperature in infant incubators. In 2013, 5^th International Conference on Modelling, Identification and Control (ICMIC) (pp. 53-59). IEEE.

[15]. Sreenath, S. N., Kumar, S., & Lohit, H. S. (2012). Design of an infant incubator for cost reduction and improved usability for Indian health care centers. SASTech-Technical Journal of RUAS, 11(2), 82-89.

[16]. Suruthi, M., & Suma, S. (2015). Microcontroller based baby incubator using sensors. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. IJIRSET, 4(12), 12037-12044. https://doi.org/10.15680/IJIRSET.2015.0412050

[17]. Vaisala. (n.d.). HMP60 Humidity and Temperature Probe. Retrieved from https://www.vaisala.com/en/ products/instruments-sensors-and-other-measurementdevices/ instruments-industrial-measurements/hmp60

[18]. Wentworth, S. D. P. (2005). Neonatal phototherapy–today's lights, lamps and devices. Infant, 1(1), 14-19.

[19]. Zahran, M., Salem, M., Attia, Y., & Eliwa, A. (2008). Design and Implementation of a Digital Control Unit for an Oxygenaire Servo Baby Incubator. Journal of Power Electronics, 8(2), 121-130.

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Research Paper

Design and Analysis of Multiband Composite Antenna with Dual – Sense Circular Polarization Characteristics

M. Sujatha* , T. Lavanya, P. Moulyanjani, R. Narayana Rao, V. Srivani

*-***** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lendi Institute of Engineering & Technology, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Sujatha, M., Lavanya, T., Moulyanjani, P., Rao, R. N., and Srivani, V. (2022). Design and Analysis of Multiband Composite Antenna with Dual – Sense Circular Polarization Characteristics. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 12(2), 16-22. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.12.2.18582

Abstract

In the current era of wireless communication, the antenna researchers are widely focused on two major areas such as bandwidth enhancement and generation circular polarization characteristics. Bandwidth enhancement provides higher data rate without any increment in power level. In the same way, orientation independency between transmitter and receiver antennas can be provided by circular polarization characteristic. In this project, a dual-sense Circularly Polarized (CP) hybrid antenna is reported. The antenna that is proposed works over the range of frequency 3.28 GHz to 5.78 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 55.18%. Dual Circular Polarization wave with dual-sense characteristics for which Axial Ratio is less than 3 dB are created in the range of frequency 3.81 to 4.28 GHz and 4.98 to 5.28 GHz respectively. Based on the above parameters the antenna has applications like WLAN and WIMAX.

References

[1]. Wang, X. M., Jiao, Y. C., Weng, Z. B., & Zhang, F. S. (2010, November). Slot-fed cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) for wideband application. In Proceedings of the 9^th International Symposium on Antennas, Propagation and EM Theory (pp. 263-266). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAPE.2010.5696449

[2]. Ozzaim, C. (2011). Monopole antenna loaded by a stepped-radius dielectric ring resonator for ultrawide bandwidth. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 10, 843-845. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2011.2163351

[3]. Ozzaim, C., Ustuner, F., & Tarim, N. (2012). Stacked conical ring dielectric resonator antenna excited by a monopole for improved ultrawide bandwidth. IEEE transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 61(3), 1435-1438. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2012.2227442

[4]. Chaudhary, R. K., Kumar, R., & Srivastava, K. V. (2013). Wideband ring dielectric resonator antenna with annularshaped microstrip feed. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 12, 595-598. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2013.2260317

[5]. Echeveste, J. I., de Aza, M. A. G., & Zapata, J. (2015). Array pattern synthesis of real antennas using the infinitearray approach and linear programming. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 63(12), 5417-5424. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2015.2496106

[6]. Sharma, A., & Gangwar, R. K. (2016). Circularly polarised hybrid Z shaped cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna for multiband applications. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, 10(12), 1259-1267. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2016.0035

[7]. Chowdhury, R., Mishra, N., Sani, M. M., & Chaudhary, R. K. (2017). Analysis of a wideband circularly polarized cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna with broadside radiation coupled with simple microstrip feeding. IEEE Access, 5, 19478-19485. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2752210

[8]. Khan, A. A., Jamaluddin, M. H., Qureshi, M. B., Ali, S. M., & Jawad, M. (2018, May). High Isolation Dual- Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna for MIMO LTE Applications. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology (EIT), (pp. 0208-0211). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/EIT.2018.8500223

[9]. Shao, Y., & Chen, Z. (2012). A design of dualfrequency dual-sense circularly-polarized slot antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 60(11), 4992-4997. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2012.2208444

[10]. Lei, Z. Y., Zhang, J., Yang, R., Liu, X., Chen, L., & Kong, X. (2013). Design of dual-band dual-sense circularly polarized slot antenna. Progress in Electromagnetics Research C, 43, 41-51. https://doi.org/10.2528/PIERC13071305

[11]. Zhang, G., Zhang, F. S., Yao, Y. L., Jiang, L., & Li, Q. (2014). A Printed Dual-Band Dual-Sense Circularly Polarized Metal-Strip Antenna with Double Split-Ring Elements. Progress in Electromagnetics Research C, 53, 155-163. https://doi.org/10.2528/PIERC14070908

[12]. Chang, T. H., Huang, Y. C., Su, W. F., & Kiang, J. F. (2008). Wideband dielectric resonator antenna with a tunnel. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 7, 275-278. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2008.928477

[13]. Stutzman, W. L., & Thiele, G. A. (2012). Antenna Theory and Design. John Wiley & Sons.

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Research Paper

An Optimized Design Approach for 8-Bit Pipelined ADC using High Gain Amplifier

Kakarla Deepti*

Hybrid Neural Network Architectures, India.

Deepti, K. (2022). An Optimized Design Approach for 8-Bit Pipelined ADC using High Gain Amplifier. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 12(2), 23-29. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.12.2.18529

Abstract

Demand of high-performance converters with integrated circuits with combined features and specifications of power consumption, resolution and speed have become very dominant in many emerging applications. Pipelined ADC mixed signal system consists of Sample and Hold, Flash ADC, DAC and Gain amplifier in all the stages. In the present work, a pipeline ADC architecture has 3-stages, with each stage of 3-bits with 3-bit flash ADC followed by a 3-bit binary weighted DAC at each stage. A novel approach to design a 8-bit ADC is implemented, and this design offers less number of comparators compared to flash ADC with less circuit complexity, and 8-bit ADC is designed with improvement in resolution. It is simulated first in MATLAB, but applying 1.8Volts sinusoidal and sampling time of 40 MSPS and clock frequency 10MHz the individual blocks are implemented in LT-spice 180 nm technology with bandwidth of 40 MHz. Then a high gain amplifier is implemented by using Diode connected load differential amplifier with 10mv input voltage and 18Mhz input frequency.

References

[1]. Chen, Z., Miyahara, M., & Matsuzawa, A. (2016). A 9.35-ENOB, 14.8 fJ/conv.-step fully-passive noise-shaping SAR ADC. IEICE Transactions on Electronics, 99(8), 963-973.

[2]. Gao, B., Li, X., Yan, C., & Wu, J. (2020, October). Active noise shaping SAR ADC based on ISDM with the 5MHz bandwidth. In 2020, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), (pp. 1-4). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS45731.2020.9180950

[3]. Hershberg, B., Weaver, S., Sobue, K., Takeuchi, S., Hamashita, K., & Moon, U. K. (2012). Ring amplifiers for switched capacitor circuits. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 47(12), 2928-2942. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.2012.2217865

[4]. Kapusta, R., Shen, J., Decker, S., Li, H., Ibaragi, E., & Zhu, H. (2013). A 14b 80 ms/s sar adc with 73.6 db sndr in 65 nm cmos. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 48(12), 3059-3066. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.2013.2274113

[5]. Lee, C. Y., Venkatachala, P. K., ElShater, A., Xiao, B., Hu, H., & Moon, U. K. (2019, May). Cascoded ring amplifiers for high speed and high accuracy settling. In 2019, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), (pp. 1-5). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2019.8702710

[6]. Lee, K., Miller, M. R., & Temes, G. C. (2009). An 8.1 mW, 82 dB Delta-Sigma ADC with 1.9 MHz BW and $-$98 dB THD. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 44(8), 2202-2211. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.2009.2022298

[7]. Liu, C. C., & Huang, M. C. (2017, February). 28.1 A 0.46 mW 5MHz-BW 79.7 dB-SNDR noise-shaping SAR ADC with dynamic-amplifier-based FIR-IIR filter. In 2017, IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), (pp. 466-467). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSCC.2017.7870463

[8]. Maddox, M., Chen, B., Coln, M., Kapusta, R., Shen, J., & Fernando, L. (2016, November). A 16 bit linear passivecharge- sharing SAR ADC in 55nm CMOS. In 2016, IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC) (pp. 153-156). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ASSCC.2016.7844158

[9]. Park, Y., Song, J., Choi, Y., Lim, C., Ahn, S., & Kim, C. (2020). An 11-b 100-MS/s fully dynamic pipelined ADC using a high-linearity dynamic amplifier. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 55(9), 2468-2477. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.2020.2987684

[10]. Verbruggen, B., Deguchi, K., Malki, B., & Craninckx, J. (2014, June). A 70 db sndr 200 ms/s 2.3 mw dynamic pipelined sar adc in 28nm digital cmos. In 2014, Symposium on VLSI Circuits Digest of Technical Papers (pp. 1-2). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIC.2014.6858451

[11]. Verma, N., & Chandrakasan, A. P. (2007). An ultra low energy 12-bit rate-resolution scalable SAR ADC for wireless sensor nodes. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 42(6), 1196-1205. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.2007.897157

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Research Paper

Analysis of a CS Amplifier Based on CNTFET with Parasitic Elements of Interconnection Lines

Roberto Marani* , Anna Gina Perri**

* Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), National Research Council of Italy.

** Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, Bari, Italy.

Marani, R., and Perri, A. G. (2022). Analysis of a CS Amplifier Based on CNTFET with Parasitic Elements of Interconnection Lines. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 12(2), 30-36. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.12.2.18527

Abstract

In this paper we present a procedure to study the effects of parasitic elements (capacitances, inductances and resistances) of interconnection lines in integrated circuits where Carbon Nanotubes are embedded. In particular the Drain/Source pads dimensions of CNT are analysed, as well as the interconnection lines between a CNT and an appropriate load are sized. In order to estimate parasitic elements in CNTs embedded integrated circuits, we analyse 50 nm technology. Moreover it is also possible for predictions analysis on 10 nm and 3 nm technology. We apply the proposed procedure to the design of a Common-Source amplifier, using a CNTFET model already proposed by us. The frequency domain simulations, obtained using the ADS simulator, show how the parasitic elements limit the performances of CNTs. In particular we obtain that the -3 dB cutting frequency of the examined amplifier full of parasitic elements increases as technology decreases. Moreover we repeat the proposed simulations using SPICE, obtaining results practically coincident but with the Verilog-A implementation we have mainly a simulation run time much shorter and a software much more concise and clear than schemes using ABM blocks in SPICE.

References

[1]. Datta, S. (1995). Cambridge Studies in Semiconductor Physics and Microelectronic Engineering 3. Electronic Transport in Mesoscopic Systems.

[2]. Gelao, G., Marani, R., Diana, R., & Perri, A. G. (2010). A semi empirical SPICE model for n-type conventional CNTFETs. IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology, 10(3), 506-512. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2010.2049499

[3]. Marani, R., & Perri, A. G. (2011). A Compact, Semiempirical model of carbon nanotube field effect transistors oriented to simulation software. Current Nanoscience, 7(2), 245-253.

[4]. Marani, R., & Perri, A. G. (2012). A DC model of carbon nanotube field effect transistor for CAD applications. International Journal of Electronics, 99(3), 437-444. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207217.2011.629223

[5]. Marani, R., & Perri, A. G. (2015). Analysis of CNTFETs operating in sub threshold region for low power digital applications. ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, 5(2), M1.

[6]. Marani, R., & Perri, A. G. (2017). A Simulation Study of Basic Digital Circuits using Molecular Diodes. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 7(3), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.7.3.13559

[7]. Marani, R., & Perri, A. G. (2020). Editors' Choice—Effects of Parasitic Elements of Interconnection Lines in CNT Embedded Integrated Circuits. ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, 9(2), 021004.

[8]. Marani, R., Gelao, G., & Gina Perri, A. (2012). Comparison of ABM SPICE library with Verilog-A for Compact CNTFET model implementation. Current Nanoscience, 8(4), 556-565. https://doi.org/10.2174/157341312801784230

[9]. Marani, R., Gelao, G., & Perri, A. G. (2013). Modelling of Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors oriented to SPICE software for A/D circuit design. Microelectronics Journal, 44(1), 33-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2011.07.012

[10]. Marulanda, J. M., & Srivastava, A. (2008). Carrier density and effective mass calculations in carbon nanotubes. Physica Status Solidi (b), 245(11), 2558-2562.

[11]. Microwind. (2018). Retrieved from https://www. microwind.net/

[12]. Perri, A. G. (2011). Dispositivi Elettronici Avanzati. Progedit, Bari, Italy.

[13]. Perri, A. G., & Marani, R. (2017). CNTFET Electronics: Design Principles. Progedit.

[14]. Sohn, Y. S., Lee, J. C., Park, H. J., & Cho, S. I. (2001). Empirical equations on electrical parameters of coupled microstrip lines for crosstalk estimation in printed circuit board. IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging, 24(4), 521-527. https://doi.org/10.1109/6040.982839

[15]. Srivastava, A., Marulanda, J. M., Xu, Y., & Sharma, A. K. (2009). Current transport modeling of carbon nanotube field effect transistors. Physica Status Solidi (a), 206(7), 1569-1578. https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.200824221

[16]. Verilog, H. D. L. (2014). Verilog-AMS Language Reference Manual. Eda-Stds.Org.

i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering (JELE)

Current Issue Vol. 15 Issue 1

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Volume 12 Issue 2 December - February 2022

Development of High Data Rate Optical Transmitter in C-Band using External Modulation Technique

Vikas Agrawal* , P. K. Pandey**, R. K. Bahl***

*-*** Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organization, Ahmedabad, India.

Agrawal, V., Pandey, P. K., and Bahl, R. K. (2022). Development of High Data Rate Optical Transmitter in C-Band using External Modulation Technique. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 12(2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.12.2.18517

Abstract

References

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Humidity Monitoring of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Based on Programmable System on Chip

N. N. Kumbhar* , S. A. Tingare**, S. S. Dalvi***, S. K. Tilekar****, P. V. Mane-Deshmukh*****

Kumbhar, N. N., Tingare, S. A., Dalvi, S. S., Tilekar, S. K., and Mane-Deshmukh, P. V. (2022). Humidity Monitoring of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Based on Programmable System on Chip. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 12(2), 9-15. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.12.2.18650

Abstract

References

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Design and Analysis of Multiband Composite Antenna with Dual – Sense Circular Polarization Characteristics

M. Sujatha* , T. Lavanya**, P. Moulyanjani***, R. Narayana Rao****, V. Srivani*****

*-***** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lendi Institute of Engineering & Technology, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Sujatha, M., Lavanya, T., Moulyanjani, P., Rao, R. N., and Srivani, V. (2022). Design and Analysis of Multiband Composite Antenna with Dual – Sense Circular Polarization Characteristics. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 12(2), 16-22. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.12.2.18582

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An Optimized Design Approach for 8-Bit Pipelined ADC using High Gain Amplifier

Kakarla Deepti*

Hybrid Neural Network Architectures, India.

Deepti, K. (2022). An Optimized Design Approach for 8-Bit Pipelined ADC using High Gain Amplifier. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 12(2), 23-29. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.12.2.18529

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Analysis of a CS Amplifier Based on CNTFET with Parasitic Elements of Interconnection Lines

Roberto Marani* , Anna Gina Perri**

* Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), National Research Council of Italy. ** Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, Bari, Italy.

Marani, R., and Perri, A. G. (2022). Analysis of a CS Amplifier Based on CNTFET with Parasitic Elements of Interconnection Lines. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 12(2), 30-36. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.12.2.18527

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Vikas Agrawal* , P. K. Pandey, R. K. Bahl*

N. N. Kumbhar* , S. A. Tingare, S. S. Dalvi, S. K. Tilekar, P. V. Mane-Deshmukh

M. Sujatha* , T. Lavanya, P. Moulyanjani, R. Narayana Rao, V. Srivani

* Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), National Research Council of Italy.

** Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, Bari, Italy.