i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering (JELE)


Volume 1 Issue 4 June - August 2011

Research Paper

Efficient Image Compression Algorithms Using Evolved Wavelets

Chenchu Krishnaiah G* , T. Jaya Chandra Prasad**, M. N. Giri Prasad***
* Associate professor, Department of Electronics and communications Engineering, Gokula Krishna College of Engineering, Sullurpet, Andhra Pradesh, India.
** Principal, Rajeev Gandhi Memorial College of Engineering and Technology, Nandyal, Kurnool (Dist), Andhra Pradesh, India.
*** Professor in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, J.N.T University College of Engineering, Anantapur, Anantapur(Dist), Andhra Pradesh, India.
G. Chenchu Krishnaiah, T. Jayachandraprasad and M.N. Giri Prasad (2011). Efficient Image Compression Algorithms Using Evolved Wavelets. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 1(4), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.1.4.1504

Abstract

The 9/7 and 5/3 lifting based wavelet filters are  widely used in different image compression schemes, such as JPEG 2000 image compression standard. The performance of a hardware implementation of the 9/7 and 5/3 filter banks depends on the accuracy with which filter coefficients are represented. In this paper an attempt has been made to study the performance of 9/7 and 5/3 wavelets on photographic images (monochrome and color) and estimated Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Compression Ratio (CR), Mean Square Error (MSE), Encoding Time, Decoding Time, Transforming Time or Decomposition Time…etc. This study shows that the 5/3 wavelet transform outperform the 9/7 wavelet transform.

Research Paper

Xilinx System Generator Based Modeling and Simulation of SVPWM

R. Rajendran* , N. Devarajan**
* Assistant Professor, Department of IT, Karpagam College of Engineering, Coimbatore.
** Professor, Department of EEE, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore.
R. Rajendran and N. Devarajan (2011). Xilinx System Generator based Modeling and Simulation of SVPWM. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 1(4), 9-13. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.1.4.1505

Abstract

This paper is about modeling and simulation of Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) scheme for a three phase Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). The model was implemented using Xilinx System Generator and MATLAB/Simulink blockset. The most widely used schemes for a three phase VSI are carrier based Sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) and SVPWM. There is an increasing trend of using SVPWM because of their easier digital realization and better DC bus utilization. The novelty of the paper relies on the proposal of the flexible and new model of SVPWM.

Research Paper

A New Accordion Based Video Compression Method

Jaya Krishna Sunkara* **
* Assistant Professor, PDCE, Sullurpet, India.
** Researcher, Sullurpet, India.
***-**** Bachelor of Technology in ECE, PDCE, Sullurpet, India.
Jaya Krishna Sunkara, Kuruma Purnima, E Navaneetha Sagari and L Rama Subbareddy (2011). A New Accordion Based Video Compression Method. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 1(4), 14-21. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.1.4.1506

Abstract

Usually, a video signal has high temporal redundancies due to the high correlation between successive frames. This redundancy has not been exploited enough by current video compression techniques. In this pape44grr, we present a new video compression technique which tends to hard exploit the pertinent temporal redundancy in the video to improve processing efficiency with minimum processing complexity. It includes 3D to 2D transformation of the video that allows exploring the temporal redundancy of the video using 2D transforms and avoiding the computationally demanding motion compensation step. This transformation converts the spatial and temporal correlation of the video signal into a high spatial correlation. Indeed, this technique transforms each group of pictures into one picture eventually with high spatial correlation. Thus, the De-correlation of the resulting pictures by the DCT makes efficient energy compaction, and therefore produces a high video compression ratio. Many experimental tests had been conducted to prove the technique efficiency especially in high bit rate and with slow motion video.

Research Paper

Non-linear Analysis of the Cardiovascular System (Vanderpol oscillator) using Simulink

C. Muni Saraswathi* , B. Anuradha**, K.Babulu***
* Lecturer, Department of Biomedical Engineering, S.V. Govt. Polytechnic, Tirupati.
** Associate Professor of ECE, S.V.U. College of Engineering, Tirupati.
*** Associate Professor, Department of ECE, JNTU, Kakinada.
C. Muni Saraswathi, B. Anuradha and K. Babulu (2011). Non-Linear Analysis of the Cardiovascular System (Vanderpol Oscillator) using Simulink. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 1(4), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.1.4.1507

Abstract

The Heart Is The Center Of The Cardiovascular System. Whereas, The Term Cardio Refers To The Heart, The Term Vascular Refers To Blood Vessels. The Heart Acts As A Pump, And Maintains A Constant Circulation Of Blood Throughout The Body. As Blood Flows Through Body Tissues, Nutrients And Oxygen Move From The Blood In To Interstitial Fluid And Then Into Cells. At The Same Time The Blood Picks Up Wastes, Carbondioxide, And Heat. Even At Rest, Our Heart Pumps 30 Times Its Own Weight Each Minute, About 5 Liters To The Lungs And The Same Volume To The Rest Of The Body. The Physiological Oscillators Produce Oscillations, In The Form Of Stable, Closed Trajectory Called A Limit Cycle. These Oscillations Exhibit The Phenomenon Of Frequency Entrainment Or Phase Locking. These Are Analyzed By Presenting Vanderpol Oscillator. Vanderpol Oscillator Is A Non-Linear Oscillator. In The Non-Limit Cycle Oscillator, External Disturbance Move The Phase Trajectory To Different Orbit Around The Centre And Will Not Come To Original  Point, Where As In Limit Cycle Oscillator, The Phase Trajectory Returns To Its Original Location. When Vander Pol Oscillator Is Driven By The External Frequency, Which Is Different With Natural Frequency Of The Oscillator, Then The Resultant Output Is Mixture Of Components That Result From The Interaction Of The Driving Periodicity On Natural Oscillations. If The External Frequency Is Equal To Natural Frequency Of Vendor Pol Oscillator, Then Nonlinear System Will Adopt The External Frequency. The Time Courses Of Oscillatory Activity Of Heart And Phase Trajectories Are Generated By Vanderpol Model By Using The Simulink. The Response Of Vander Pol Oscillator For Various External Frequencies Is Also Obtained.

Research Paper

Empirical mode decomposition of Atmospheric radar signals

PADMAJA* , S. Varadarajan**, G. Madhavi Latha***
* Associate Professor of ECE, C.R Engg College, Tirupati.
** Professor of ECE, S.V.U college of Engg, Tirupati.
*** Assistant Professor, Sri Vidyanekhethan Engg College, Tirupati.
N. Padmaja, S. Varadarajan and G. Madhavi Latha (2011). Empirical Mode Decomposition Of Atmospheric Radar Signals. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 1(4), 29-37. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.1.4.1508

Abstract

In this paper, comparison study of wavelet transforms and Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) was performed for two sets of atmospheric radar data. Wavelets and EMD has been applied to the time series data obtained from the mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere (MST) region near Gadanki, Tirupati.  Wavelet analysis is one of the most important methods for removing noise and extracting signal from any data. The de-noising application of the wavelets has been used in spectrum cleaning of the atmospheric signals. EMD is a numerical sifting process to decompose a signal into its fundamental intrinsic oscillatory modes, namely intrinsic mode functions (IMFs).  A series of IMFs can be obtained after the application of EMD. The Algorithm is developed and tested using Matlab. Analysis has brought out some of the characteristic features such as Doppler width, SNR of the atmospheric signals. The results showed that the proposed algorithm is efficient for dealing non-linear and non- stationary signals contaminated with noise.  SNR using wavelets and EMD has been compared and plotted for validation of the proposed algorithm. EMD is found to be effective in removing the noise embedded in radar echoes.

Research Paper

Study Of The Voltage Stability In A Multibus Power Network Using AI Technique

G. Prasad* , Vijay Kumar*****
*Associate Professor, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam.GITAM University, Visakhapatnam.
** Associate Professor, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam.
***Associate Professor, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam.
**** Lecturer, Eritrea institute of Technology, Eritrea.
G. Prasad, D. Vijay Kumar, M. Ebraheem and A. Muneiah (2011). Study of the Voltage Stability in a Multibus Power Network using AI Technique. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 1(4), 38-42. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.1.4.1509

Abstract

Voltage instability is a state of power system encountering an unacceptable voltage level. This paper describes the expressions of Fast Voltage Stability Index (FVSI) and Line Quality Factor (LQF), which may be considered as indication of voltage collapse under constrained condition of an interconnected power system. Artificial Neural Network Technique has been applied to identify the voltage collapse condition. The novelty of this method is that, once the ANN model of the system is developed, through on line checking of the load of the weak bus, the present method can immediately calculate the FVSI and LQF without going through the complex classical calculations. The developed ANN technique has been tested in IEEE 30 bus test system and is found to be in excellent agreement with the result obtained by classical method.

Research Paper

In-Vehicle Real-Time Human Emotion Recognition Through Visual, Thermal And Heart Rate Monitoring Using Parallel CPU And GPU Techniques For Driver Safety

Goh Chia Chieh* , Dino Isa**
* Researcher university of nothing Malaysia Campus Department Electrical & Electronics Engineering
** Professor University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus Department Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Goh Chia Chieh and Dino Isa (2011). In-Vehicle Real-Time Human Emotion Recognition Through Visual, Thermal and Heart Rate Monitoring Using Parallel CPU and GPU Techniques for Driver Safety. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 1(4), 43-49. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.1.4.1510

Abstract

Real-Time Human Emotion Recognition Is A Challenging Task. Speed And Accuracy Has Always Been The Main Concern For Human Emotion Analysis. Such System Poses An Even Greater Challenge For Implementation In A Limited Space Of A Constantly Mobile Environment, For Example, In A Moving Vehicle. On Top Of That, Power Consumption Is Another Major Issue To Be Considered. This Paper Proposes An Efficient Method On How Such System Can Be Implemented In The Mobile Environment By Utilizing Parallel Cpu And Gpu To Achieve Real-Time Emotion Analysis And Judgment. Using Low Power Consumption Single Board Computer (Sbc) With A Dual Graphic Card Installed, The Task Will Be Split Into Multiple Threads Which Process Visual, Thermal And Heart Rate Emotion Monitoring System Simultaneously. Thus, Better Accuracy And Optimal Performance Is Attained Through Parallel Gpu And Cpu Processing. Handling Enormous Of Data Through Parallel Processing Requires Expertise In Combining The Cpu And Gpu Tasks Together By Merging Different Kinds Of Data Competently.

Research Paper

An Approach For Real Time Audio Watermarking Using Wavetable Alternation In Digital Instruments

M. Vadivel* , V. Saravanan**
*Sathyabama University, Chennai, India.
**SRR Engineering College, Chennai, India.
M. Vadivel and V. Saravanan (2011). An Approach for Real Time Audio Watermarking Using Wave Table Alternation in Digital Instruments. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 1(4), 50-55. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.1.4.1511

Abstract

Musical performance with digital instruments has become a common practice today and many digital instruments came to be used in Desk Top Music, live performance, etc. However, the spread of digital contents causes the problem of illegal duplication and distribution, so that digital watermark has recently attracted much attention as a technology to solve this problem. In this project we focus on a sound synthesized process in digital instruments and propose a real-time watermark method. Certain watermarks are embedded in wavetables that include in our digital instruments and the insertion of secret messages is actualized with wave table switching additionally embedded watermarks can be extracted from the acoustic signal. The proposed method is able to achieve a real-time watermark.

Research Paper

Semiconducting - Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor Based Logic Gates

V. Saravanan* , Kannan .V**
* Research Scholar, Sathyabama University, Chennai, India.
** Professor, Sathyabama University, Chennai, India.
V. Saravanan and V. Kannan (2011). Semiconducting - Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor Based Logic Gates. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 1(4), 56-60. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.1.4.1512

Abstract

Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors (CNTFET) are  new  nano-scaled devices for the digital circuits. In MOSFET based digital circuits when the channel length is much smaller than a micrometre is a challenge, and creates the problems in device fabrication, which limits advancing the integrated circuit. Small size of the MOSFET, below a few tens of nanometres creates the low Trans-conductance, gate oxide leakage, low ON-current, Mobility degradation and increased delay. Problems observed in the MOSFET, when size is reduced are avoided in CNTFET, since in case of CNTFET, carbon nanotube is used as channel and high-k material is used as gate dielectric. In this paper, we present the simulation results of semi-conducting Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors based logic gates using HSPICE.