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i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering (JELE)

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An analytical approach to Network with IoT security using NodeMCU access point- Prevention Technique
AUDIO CRYPTOGRAPHY USING AES ALGORITHM TECHNIQUE
ULTRA WIDEBAND TECHNOLOGY
Smart Rover-Voice Control Bluetooth Control Robot to Avoid Obstacles
A Review of Quality Assurance Texture for Highly Pigmented Iris Recognition Using an Optimal Wavelength Band
FEATURE EXTRACTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF DIFFERENT HAND MOVEMENTS FROM THE EMG SIGNAL USING LINEAR DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS CLASSIFIER

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Volume 14 Issue 1 October - December 2023

Research Paper

An Intelligent Base Link Recovery Management and Path Stability in Clustered Randomly Distributed Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Anil Kumar Bandani*

Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Bandani, A. K. (2023). An Intelligent Base Link Recovery Management and Path Stability in Clustered Randomly Distributed Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 14(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.14.1.20469

Abstract

MANETs are networks of mobile nodes that are randomly distributed and play a major role in data transmission, route discovery, and route maintenance. Connection recovery and path stability are significant issues in the MANET, making data transfer problematic. When mobile nodes move out of range or when the node lacks adequate energy to maintain connection or path stability, data packet loss happens. We suggest a Clustered Intermediate System-Clustered Intermediate System Local Connection Failure Recovery Algorithm (Clustered Intermediate System-Clustered Intermediate System LLFRA) routing migration technique that builds the node while simultaneously repairing the broken link. Also utilised to look at node energy, energy- drained nodes, and route stability is Dolphin Partner Optimisation (DPO). The suggested approach's primary goal is to guarantee route stability while reducing packet loss. The suggested method is put to the test using the NS-2 simulator. The proposed recovery protocol beats the current technique in charge of PDR, end to end delay, throughput and node failures, according to experimental outputs.

References

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[2]. Bais, N. S., Rao, D. S., & Sriram, G. (2017). Network path stability based routing protocol for MANET. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), 6(5), 216-222.

[3]. Bandani, A. K., Subramanyam, M. V., & Prasad, K. S. (2022). An innovative prediction of link failure and node lifetime in mobile Ad Hoc networks using grey wolf optimization. Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences, 49(9), 118-128.

[4]. Deepa, J., & Sutha, J. (2019). A new energy based power aware routing method for MANETs. Cluster Computing, 22(6), 13317-13324.

[5]. Gautam, N., & Kumar, T. (2019). Novel approach for path recovery in mobile Ad hoc networks. International Journal for Scientific Research & Development, 7(5), 270-273.

[6]. Gowtham, M. S., & Subramaniam, K. (2019). Congestion control and packet recovery for cross layer approach in MANET. Cluster Computing, 22(5), 12029-12036.

[7]. Goyal, A., Sharma, V. K., Kumar, S., & Kumar, K. (2020). Modified local link failure recovery multicast routing protocol for MANET. Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences, 41(2), 669-677.

[8]. Gupta, A. (2015). Maintenance of link for stability in MANET. International Journal of Software & Hardware Research in Engineering, 3(6), 1-8.

[9]. Jain, A., & Narang, K. (2018). Novel approach for link recovery in MANET. International Journal of Research in Electronics and Computer Engineering, 6(3), 1018-1021.

[10]. Javaid, A., & Singh, J. (2023). Link failure approach to maintain quality of service in mobile Ad Hoc network. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology, 11(1), 505-513.

[11]. Jeon, J., Lee, K., & Kim, C. (2011, January). Fast route recovery scheme for mobile ad hoc networks. In the International Conference on Information Networking 2011 (ICOIN2011) (pp. 419-423). IEEE.

[12]. Kalita, C., & Thakurta, P. K. G. (2018). Energy efficient routing to improve lifetime in MANET: A clustering approach. Journal of Communications, 13(11), 679-684.

[13]. Kavitha, T., & Muthaiah, R. (2017). Instant route migration during link failure in MANETS. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), 8(8), 428-436.

[14]. Kavitha, V. R., & Moorthi, M. (2019). A quality of ser vice load balanced connected dominating set–stochastic diffusion search (CDS–SDS) network backbone for MANET. Computer Networks, 151, 124-131.

[15]. Khudayer, B. H., Anbar, M., Hanshi, S. M., & Wan, T. C. (2020). Efficient route discovery and link failure detection mechanisms for source routing protocol in mobile adhoc networks. IEEE Access, 8, 24019-24032.

[16]. Kumar, S. (2020). Prediction of node and link failures in mobile Ad Hoc network using hello based path recovery routing protocol. Wireless Personal Communications, 115(1), 725-744.

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[19]. Naushad, A., Abbas, G., Abbas, Z. H., & Pagourtzis, A. (2019). Novel strategies for path stability estimation under topology change using Hello messaging in MANETs. Ad Hoc Networks, 87, 76-99.

[20]. Pal, A., Dutta, P., Chakrabarti, A., Singh, J. P., & Sadhu, S. (2019). Biogeographic-based temporal prediction of link stability in mobile Ad Hoc networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 104, 217-233.

[21]. Robinson, Y. H., Julie, E. G., Saravanan, K., Kumar, R., & Son, L. H. (2019). FD-AOMDV: fault-tolerant disjoint adhoc on-demand multipath distance vector routing algorithm in mobile ad-hoc networks. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 10, 4455-4472.

[22]. Selvi, M., & Balakrishna, R. (2019). A new method to recover the link failure and reliable data delivery in MANET. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, 8(1), 105-108.

[23]. Sengul, C., & Kravets, R. (2006). Bypass routing: An on-demand local recovery protocol for ad hoc networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 4(3), 380-397.

[24]. Singh, A., Kumar, R., & Pant, S. (2017, September). Advanced routing on AODV using link prediction in mobile Ad-Hoc network. In 2017 3rd International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication & Automation (ICACCA)(Fall) (pp. 1-7). IEEE.

[25]. Singh, O., Singh, J., & Singh, R. (2018). Multi-level trust based intelligence intrusion detection system to detect the malicious nodes using elliptic curve cryptography in MANET. Cluster Computing, 21(1), 51-63.

[26]. Talawar, M. B., & Ashoka, D. V. (2020). Link failure detection in MANET: A survey. Modern Approaches in Machine Learning and Cognitive Science: A Walkthrough: Latest Trends in AI (pp. 169-182).

[27]. Zhang, F., & Yang, G. (2020). A stable backup routing protocol for wireless Ad Hoc networks. Sensors, 20(23), 6743.

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Research Paper

A High-Performance Dual Classifier Based Packet Classification Engine on FPGA

Midde Adiseshaiah* , Maruvada Sailaja**

*-** Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Adiseshaiah, M., and Sailaja, M. (2023). A High-Performance Dual Classifier Based Packet Classification Engine on FPGA. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 14(1), 13-27. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.14.1.20441

Abstract

Security is one of the key elements of real-time communication systems, especially with the developments in digital communication systems. One of the most crucial networking activities that guards against hacking and unintentional consequences on connected devices is packet classification. The router's and other linked devices' sluggish processing speeds are a problem for implementing real-time packet classification. This paper proposes a novel parallel architecture for packet classification in routers. The design that has been suggested uses the parallelism that modern hardware technologies offer to categorize several packets at once to increase throughput, lower energy usage, and drastically lower latency. The suggested design supports multiple data reads by utilizing Dual Port RAM, or DPRAM. They have low latency performance and allow for fast rate packet lookup, making them the preferable choice for stage memory. The DPRAM provides the data to the packet scheduling module. The packets are received concurrently by the two subsequent packet splitter units. The throughput of packet classification increases as a result. In this paper, a parallel packet categorization architecture using FPGA is explored for maximizing throughput and maintain allowable latency while preserving low energy consumption. The classifier has the lowest energy efficiency of 7.2nJ and less latency of 58 ns. Its throughput may reach 668 MPPS (million packets per second).

References

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Research Paper

An Overview of Smart Grid Smart Meters with Fault Detection

Shawanti Roy* , Jayanti Sarker, Sayan Paramanik*, Krishna Sarker****

, Department of Electrical Engineering, St. Thomas' College of Engineering & Technology, West Bengal, India.

Department of Electrical Engineering, Techno Main Salt Lake, West Bengal, India.

Department of Servicing, Statcon Electronics India Ltd, Noida, India.

Roy, S., Sarker, J., Paramanik, S., and Sarker, K. (2023). An Overview of Smart Grid Smart Meters with Fault Detection. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 14(1), 28-38. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.14.1.20196

Abstract

Smart meters (SM) arrangement play an essential role in Smart Grid (SG), serving as advanced energy meters crucial for monitoring and managing energy consumption. This paper provides an in-depth exploration of the significance, functions, and technological aspects of smart meters within the context of the SG. Smart meters acquire data from endusers' load devices, offering a comprehensive measurement of consumers' energy consumption. The obtained information is then communicated to utility companies and system operators, facilitating efficient energy management. The integration of control devices and a number of sensors, supported by a dedicated communication infrastructure, enhances the reliability and functionality of smart meters. The paper summarizes hardware model key facets and functions of smart meters, offering a comprehensive view of their capabilities.

References

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Research Paper

Shopping Trolley for Automated Billing System with Pick and Place Mechanism using Image Processing

Deepti S. Hegde* , Divyashree M., K. S. Tanushree, Koushik M., Nithin H. V.

*-***** Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, PES Institute of Technology and Management, India.

Hegde, D. S., Divyashree, M., Tanushree, K. S., Koushik, M., and Nithin, H. V. (2023). Shopping Trolley for Automated Billing System with Pick and Place Mechanism using Image Processing. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 14(1), 39-44. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.14.1.20454

Abstract

In the realm of individual E-business transactions, many people engage in purchasing various items from markets and shopping centers to fulfill their basic needs. Despite the numerous challenges faced by customers, a prevalent issue is the time-consuming process of waiting in line for billing, even when the purchase involves only a couple of items. This traditional method of queuing up, handling cash transactions, and the average time spent on each customer becomes particularly burdensome in crowded grocery stores and shopping malls .Customers, especially those inclined towards embracing new technologies, are eager for innovations that streamline the billing process, reducing waiting times and overall transaction duration. The primary objective is to meet the essential needs of customers and, importantly, alleviate the time spent on the billing process. The proposal is to transition from the conventional waiting-in-line approach to a system where the billing is completed within the shopping trolley itself. This paper introduces a technological solution that facilitates a seamless shopping experience, utilizing Raspberry Pi and other advancements. The proposed system is wellsuited for implementation in general shopping centers such as supermarkets, D-mart, Big Bazaar, and Walmart. The technology aims to significantly reduce time consumption, offering an enhanced shopping experience for customers.

References

[1]. Kowshika, S., Varshini, G. M., Megha, V., & Lakshmi, K. (2021, March). IoT based smart shopping trolley with mobile cart application. In 2021 7th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS) 1, 1186-1189. IEEE.

[2]. Maner, T., Benake, G., Bhosale, M., Mali, S., & Pukale, S. (2019). Smart trolley for shopping malls. International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management, 2(4), 111-115.

[3]. Sarala, T., Sudha, Y. A., Sindhu, K. V., Suryakiran, C. H., & Nithin, B. N. (2018, May). Smart electronic trolley for shopping mall. In 2018 3rd IEEE International Conference on Recent Trends in Electronics, Information & Communication Technology (RTEICT) (pp. 2422-2427). IEEE.

[4]. Shahroz, M., Mushtaq, M. F., Ahmad, M., Ullah, S., Mehmood, A., & Choi, G. S. (2020). IoT-based smart shopping cart using radio frequency identification. IEEE Access, 8, 68426-68438.

[5]. Shankar, S. K., Balasubramani, S., Basha, S. A., Ahamed, S. A., & Reddy, N. S. K. (2021, April). Smart trolley for smart shopping with an advance billing system using IoT. In 2021 5th International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC) (pp. 390-394). IEEE.

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Research Paper

Flexing Frontiers: Pioneering Advances in Biosensors for Instant Health Insights

Ushaa Eswaran* , Vivek Eswaran, Keerthna Murali*, Vishal Eswaran****

* Department of ECE, Indira Institute of Technology and Sciences, Markapur, AP, India.

Senior Software Engineer, Tech Lead at Medallia, Austin, Texas, United States.

* Site Reliability Engineer II (SRE) at Dell EMC | CKAD | AWS CSAA.

**** Senior Data Engineer at CVS Health Centre, Dallas, Texas, United States.

Eswaran, U., Eswaran, V., Murali, K., and Eswaran, V. (2023). Flexing Frontiers: Pioneering Advances in Biosensors for Instant Health Insights. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 14(1), 45-55. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.14.1.20191

Abstract

Biosensors that incorporate a biological recognition element with a transducer offer a rapid, simple approach for selective detection of analytes. However, conventional rigid biosensors have limited capabilities for continuous on-body monitoring applications. The emergence of flexible electronics has opened new possibilities for developing conformal biosensing platforms that can intimately interface with soft, curvilinear surfaces like skin for non-invasive health tracking. This review covers the fundamentals of biosensor technologies and recent progress in flexible biosensors aimed at pointof- care diagnostics and medical monitoring. Key developments in materials, electrochemical sensing interfaces, microfluidics integration and wireless connectivity are highlighted. Examples of flexible biosensors for metabolites, electrolytes, proteins and nucleic acids are presented along with capabilities and limitations. Current challenges include improving biocompatibility, correlation with standard assays, wireless range, manufacturability, and regulatory requirements. Further research on translating flexible biosensor devices from initial proof-of-concepts to validated medical products is warranted. Overall, flexible biosensors hold immense promise to enable continuous personalized health monitoring.

References

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[4]. Bandodkar, A. J., Jia, W., Yardımcı, C., Wang, X., Ramirez, J., & Wang, J. (2015). Tattoo-based noninvasive glucose monitoring: a proof-of-concept study. Analytical Chemistry, 87(1), 394-398.

[5]. Bandodkar, A. J., & Wang, J. (2014). Non-invasive wearable electrochemical sensors: A review. Trends in Biotechnology, 32(7), 363-371.

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i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering (JELE)

Current Issue Vol. 14 Issue 2

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Volume 14 Issue 1 October - December 2023

An Intelligent Base Link Recovery Management and Path Stability in Clustered Randomly Distributed Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Anil Kumar Bandani*

Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Bandani, A. K. (2023). An Intelligent Base Link Recovery Management and Path Stability in Clustered Randomly Distributed Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 14(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.14.1.20469

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A High-Performance Dual Classifier Based Packet Classification Engine on FPGA

Midde Adiseshaiah* , Maruvada Sailaja**

*-** Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Adiseshaiah, M., and Sailaja, M. (2023). A High-Performance Dual Classifier Based Packet Classification Engine on FPGA. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 14(1), 13-27. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.14.1.20441

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An Overview of Smart Grid Smart Meters with Fault Detection

Shawanti Roy* , Jayanti Sarker**, Sayan Paramanik***, Krishna Sarker****

*,**** Department of Electrical Engineering, St. Thomas' College of Engineering & Technology, West Bengal, India. ** Department of Electrical Engineering, Techno Main Salt Lake, West Bengal, India. *** Department of Servicing, Statcon Electronics India Ltd, Noida, India.

Roy, S., Sarker, J., Paramanik, S., and Sarker, K. (2023). An Overview of Smart Grid Smart Meters with Fault Detection. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 14(1), 28-38. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.14.1.20196

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Shopping Trolley for Automated Billing System with Pick and Place Mechanism using Image Processing

Deepti S. Hegde* , Divyashree M.**, K. S. Tanushree***, Koushik M.****, Nithin H. V.*****

*-***** Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, PES Institute of Technology and Management, India.

Hegde, D. S., Divyashree, M., Tanushree, K. S., Koushik, M., and Nithin, H. V. (2023). Shopping Trolley for Automated Billing System with Pick and Place Mechanism using Image Processing. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 14(1), 39-44. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.14.1.20454

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Flexing Frontiers: Pioneering Advances in Biosensors for Instant Health Insights

Ushaa Eswaran* , Vivek Eswaran**, Keerthna Murali***, Vishal Eswaran****

Eswaran, U., Eswaran, V., Murali, K., and Eswaran, V. (2023). Flexing Frontiers: Pioneering Advances in Biosensors for Instant Health Insights. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 14(1), 45-55. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.14.1.20191

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Shawanti Roy* , Jayanti Sarker, Sayan Paramanik*, Krishna Sarker****

, Department of Electrical Engineering, St. Thomas' College of Engineering & Technology, West Bengal, India.

Department of Electrical Engineering, Techno Main Salt Lake, West Bengal, India.

Department of Servicing, Statcon Electronics India Ltd, Noida, India.

Deepti S. Hegde* , Divyashree M., K. S. Tanushree, Koushik M., Nithin H. V.

Ushaa Eswaran* , Vivek Eswaran, Keerthna Murali*, Vishal Eswaran****