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i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering (JELE)

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Volume 12 Issue 4 June - August 2022

Research Paper

Utilization of Ultrasonic Fogger for the Development of AVR ATmega8 Based Humidity Control System for Greenhouse Applications

Shweta A. Pote* , Sumaiyya C. Pathan, S. K. Tilekar*

*-*** Solapur University, Solapur, Maharashtra, India.

Pote, S. A., Pathan, S. C., and Tilekar, S. K. (2022). Utilization of Ultrasonic Fogger for the Development of AVR ATmega8 Based Humidity Control System for Greenhouse Applications. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 12(4), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.12.4.19003

Abstract

The psychrometric parameter, Relative Humidity (RH), plays a key role in maintaining the greenhouse environment, where RH must be necessarily within the range of 60% RH to 80% RH. The investigators have presented various processorbased electronic systems as well as embedded systems based on microcontrollers for monitoring and controlling the Relative Humidity (RH) of greenhouse environments. It was also found that precise and reliable embedded systems are in great need. Therefore, an attempt is made to design and develop an advanced microcontroller—the Advanced Virtual Reduced Instruction Set Computer (AVR)—based monitoring and controlling system for relative humidity. AVR's ATmega8 is an 8-bit tiny computer on a chip. It has Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC)-Harvard architecture, so it has more promising features—low power consumption, six sleep modes, an inbuilt Analog to Digital Converter (ADC), fast serial communication, a programmable watchdog timer with a separate on-chip oscillator, etc.—than those of other microcontrollers. The RH-dependent data is sensed by the precise temperature-compensated sensor module, SY-HS-220, which is capacitive type and exhibits a current consumption of less than 3 mA. The digital readout is ensured by a smart 16x2 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) module. The relay circuits are wired to maintain the humidity within the prescribed range by deploying a cooling fan and fogger. The firmware is developed in embedded C using the Code Vision AVR Integrated Development Environment (IDE). This embedded system under investigation is calibrated and standardised to a scientific unit, relative humidity (RH%). The complete development, implementation, and results of the system under investigation are depicted in this paper.

References

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[3]. Evangeline, S., Lenin, A., Chandra, J. K., & Prasath, J. (2019). Monitoring and control of vital parameters in greenhouse using internet of things. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), 8(9), 849-859. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.I7653.078919

[4]. Gayatri, S. R. (2013). Greenhouse automation system using psoc 3. Journal of Information, Knowledge and Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering, 2(2), 779-784.

[5]. Gupta, A., & Thangjam, S. (2012). AVR based temperature monitoring and controlling using Zigbee in Matlab. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 1(3), 1-5.

[6]. Happila, T.,Kumar, U. S., Mohanbabu, A., Bharathi,E. D., Dhivya,S., & Keerthika, K. (2021). A design of agricultural greenhouse monitoring system using IoT. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(10), 2059-2065.

[7]. Imtinungla, S. J. S., & Bordoloi, H. (2018). Agricultural field monitoring system using ATMEGA16 and GSM. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(5), 811-816.

[8]. Karhe, R. R., Patil, C. S., & Patil, M. S. (2013). Real time data acquisition and home parameters monitoring using LabVIEW. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET), 2(3), 979-983.

[9]. Karpagam, J., Bavithra, P., Merlin,I. I.,Kousalya, J.(2020). IoT based smart farming. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 9(3), 321-324. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.C4352.099320

[10]. Ko, C. C., & Mon, S. S. (2014). Microcontroller based greenhouse automatic control system. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Technology Research, 3(5), 865-870.

[11]. Kumar, P., & Byregowda, B. K. (2017). Greenhouse monitoring and automation system using microcontroller. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), 45(5), 196-201.

[12]. Madrap, P. I., & Deshmukh, A. (2016). PIC microcontroller based greenhouse monitoring and control system. International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, 5(9), 7701-7715.

[13]. Sharma, A., Tiwari, G., & Singh, D. (2016). Low cost solution for temperature and humidity monitoring and control system using touch screen technology. International Journal of Latest Research in Engineering and Technology, 2(1), 10-14.

[14]. Sonawane, R. N., Ghule, A. S., Bowlekar, A. P., & Zakane, A. H. (2019). Design and development of temperature and humidity monitoring system. Agricultural Science Digest-A Research Journal, 39(2), 114-118. https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.D-4893

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Research Paper

Intelligent IoT-Based Greenhouse Monitoring and Control System

M. Dharani* , M. Bharathi, K. Praveena*, T. Venkata Krishna Moorthy****

- Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.

** Sasi Institutute of Technology, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Dharani, M., Bharathi, M., Praveena, K., and Moorthy, T. V. K. (2022). Intelligent IoT-Based Greenhouse Monitoring and Control System. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 12(4), 9-14. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.12.4.19061

Abstract

Greenhouse technology is a way to improve crop production. Technology has advanced swiftly in the fields of agriculture and food production and is still paving the way for the optimization and achievement of maximum plant growth. In the current age of Android smartphone applications, a precise mechanism would undoubtedly bring about change. The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the latest achievements in the field of information and communication technologies, providing global communication and control of sensors, devices, and users with information. This paper proposes a greenhouse monitoring and control system using IoT. The temperature sensor, air quality sensor, soil moisture sensor, Light Dependent Resistors (LDR) sensor, Liquid-Crystal Display (LCD) module, 12-volt Direct Current (DC) fan, electric bulb, water pump motor, and the servo motor with the Internet of Things (IoT) technology make up this greenhouse's monitoring and control system to measure nitrous oxide, temperature, humidity, illumination, CO₂, and irrigation to create a plant-friendly atmosphere. The farmers may use the IoT platform to receive the collected environmental parameter data to their smartphones in online mode so they can make the correct decisions without visiting the field.

References

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[2]. Bharathi, M., Dharani, M., & Padmaja, N. (2022a). OCR-Based vehicle number plate recognition powered by a raspberry pi. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 12(3), 33-39.

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[10]. Quynh, T. N., Le Manh, N., & Nguyen, K. N. (2015, June). Multipath RPL protocols for greenhouse environment monitoring system based on Internet of Things. In 2015 12th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON) (pp. 1-6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECTICon.2015.7207135

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[13]. Singh, P. Y. (2019). Internet of things and nodemcu- A review of use of nodemcu ESP8266 in IoT products. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), 6(6), 1085, 1088.

[14]. Venkatakrishnamoorthy, T., & Reddy, G. U. (2019). Cloud enhancement of NOAA multispectral images by using independent component analysis and principal component analysis for sustainable systems. Computers & Electrical Engineering, 74, 35-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2019.01.005

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Research Paper

PV Array Based EV Charging Station with Efficient Charging and Storage System

Sweta Pandey*

Bhilai Institute of Technology, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India.

Pandey, S. (2022). PV Array Based EV Charging Station with Efficient Charging and Storage System. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 12(4), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.12.4.19188

Abstract

Renewable energy is a type of energy that may be produced from a variety of resources, including sunlight, wind, tides, geothermal, etc. It delivers sustainable, clean energy that is derived from renewable natural resources. More renewable energy will be used, which will reduce the cost and demand for fossil fuels. The primary uses of solar photovoltaic energy include the production of electricity and heat for a variety of appliances. The development of solar-powered cars was made possible by recent breakthroughs. This study discusses the design and development of a charge controller-based solar charging system for electric automobiles. The suggested system's implementation will lower the price of power and charging and discharging losses. Additionally, one of the suggested solar charging systems is among the steps taken to create a green campus. This paper will show how to create a solar-powered electrical vehicle system and analyzes its performance.

References

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[2]. Choe, G. Y., Kim, J. S., Lee, B. K., Won, C. Y., & Lee, T. W. (2010, September). A Bi-directional battery charger for electric vehicles using photovoltaic PCS systems. In 2010 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (pp. 1-6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2010.5729223

[3]. Fan, O., Hengzhen, L., Yunfei, W., Sixiang, C., & Di, D. (2017, September). The hybrid energy storage microgrid optimization operation considering the battery health state. In 2017 2nd International Conference on Power and Renewable Energy (ICPRE) (pp. 717-721). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPRE.2017.8390627

[4]. Fatnani, M., Naware, D., & Mitra, A. (2020, September). Design of solar PV based EV charging station with optimized battery energy storage system. In 2020 IEEE First International Conference on Smar t Technologies for Power, Energy and Control (STPEC) (pp. 1-5). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/STPEC49749.2020.9297719

[5]. Fattori, F., Anglani, N., & Muliere, G. (2014). Combining photovoltaic energy with electric vehicles, smart charging and vehicle-to-grid. Solar Energy, 110, 438-451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2014.09.034

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[10]. Licui, W. (2018, October). Research on optimal scheduling of energy storage system based on particle swarm optimization. In 2018 IEEE 3rd Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC) (pp. 1604-1607). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IAEAC.2018.8577633

[11]. Mesentean, S., Feucht, W., Kula, H. G., & Frank, H. (2010, December). Smart charging of electric scooters for home to work and home to education transports from grid connected photovoltaic-systems. In 2010 IEEE International Energy Conference (pp. 73-78). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCON.2010.5771778

[12]. Peng, W., Yang, Z., Liu, C., Xiu, J., & Zhang, Z. (2018, November). An improved PSO algorithm for battery parameters identification optimization based on thevenin battery model. In 2018 5th IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing and Intelligence Systems (CCIS) (pp. 295-298). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCIS.2018.8691341

[13]. Qi, W., Yukun, S., Kunhua, C., Yonghong, H., & Xiaofu, J. (2013, May). Research on the ultracapacitor/ battery hybrid system. In 2013 25th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC) (pp. 4481-4485). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCDC.2013.6561742

[14]. Saha, R., & Dey, J. (2019, December). PV, Battery and ultra-capacitor based hybrid energy storage system. In 2019 IEEE 16th India Council International Conference (INDICON) (pp. 1-4). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/INDICON47234.2019.9030335

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Research Paper

Design of Drowsy and Alcohol Consumption Detection System in Vehicles using at Mega Microcontroller

J. Shiny*

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, DMI Engineering College, Aralvaimozhi, Tamil Nadu, India.

Shiny, J. (2022). Design of Drowsy and Alcohol Consumption Detection System in Vehicles using at Mega Microcontroller. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 12(4), 22-26. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.12.4.19187

Abstract

Driver drowsiness and alcohol consumption are the most common causes of traffic accidents and the resulting financial losses. Researchers have been working on developing driver inattention monitoring systems as drowsy and drunken driving have significantly increased the number of road accidents, which results in serious and deadly collisions. The enormous benefits of sleep detection in road transportation cannot be overstated. The proposed work consists of the design of a drowsy and alcohol consumption detection system in the vehicle using an AT Mega microcontroller monitoring and control system to avoid accidents due to driver inattention. This system consists of an eye blink sensor and an alcohol sensor in the vehicle to alert the driver. This proposed system generates a model which can prevent such accidents.

References

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Survey Paper

FANETs in Wildlife Monitoring: Applications and Challenges

Muskan Khare* , Shivani Gupta, Aishwarya Singh Rathore*, Bhawna Tunwal**, Sudesh Kumar*, Neeraj Kumar Rathore****

-, *, Department of Computer Science, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Department of Computer Engineering, Poornima Institute of Engineering & Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Khare, M., Gupta, S., Rathore, A. S., Tunwal, B., Kumar, S., and Rathore, N. K. (2022). FANETs in Wildlife Monitoring: Applications and Challenges. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 12(4), 27-35. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.12.4.19105

Abstract

Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANETs) have been employed in modern warfare for monitoring and reconnaissance to produce a healthy living environment for wildlife through multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). FANETs allow multiple UAVs to communicate in 3D space to establish an ad-hoc network. FANETs applications, among others, can deliver costeffective services to help future wildlife. However, adopting FANET's technology in wildlife monitoring is difficult due to its challenges in mobility, data routing, energy, and security considerations. Therefore, this paper aims to look at FANET's possible applications in wildlife Monitoring and the implications and issues that come with them.

References

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[4]. Arafat, M. Y., & Moh, S. (2021). Bio-inspired approaches for energy-efficient localization and clustering in UAV networks for monitoring wildfires in remote areas. IEEE Access, 9, 18649-18669. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3053605

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[7]. Kabir, R. H., & Lee, K. (2021). Wildlife monitoring using a multi-uav system with optimal transport theory. Applied Sciences, 11(9), 4070. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11094070

[8]. Kakamoukas, G. A., Sarigiannidis, P. G., & Economides, A. A. (2022). FANETs in agriculture-A routing protocol survey. Internet of Things, 18, 100183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2020.100183

[9]. Khan, M. A., Safi, A., Qureshi, I. M., & Khan, I. U. (2017, November). Flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs): A review of communication architectures, and routing protocols. In 2017 First International Conference on Latest Trends in Electrical Engineering and Computing Technologies (INTELLECT) (pp. 1-9). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/INTELLECT.2017.8277614

[10]. Kumar, S., & Bansal, A. (2020). Performance investigation of topology-based routing protocols in flying ad-hoc networks using NS-2. In IoT and Cloud Computing Advancements in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (pp. 243-267). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2570-8.ch013

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[12]. Kumar, S., & Raw, R. S. (2018b). Improvement of railway transportation system using IoT applications and services. In Big Data Management and the Internet of Things for Improved Health Systems (pp. 120-141). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5222-2.ch008

[13]. Kumar, S., Bansal, A., & Raw, R. S. (2020a). Analysis of effective routing protocols for flying ad-hoc networks. International Journal of Smart Vehicles and Smart Transportation (IJSVST), 3(2), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJSVST.2020070101

[14]. Kumar, S., Bansal, A., & Raw, R. S. (2020b). Health monitoring planning for on-board ships through flying ad hoc network. In Advanced Computing and Intelligent Engineering (pp. 391-402). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1483-8_33

[15]. Kumar, S., Rathore, N. K., Prajapati, M., & Sharma, S. K. (2022). SF-GoeR: an emergency information dissemination routing in flying Ad-hoc network to support healthcare monitoring. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-022-04434-3

[16]. Kumar, S., Raw, R. S., & Bansal, A. (2021a). Minimize the routing overhead through 3D cone shaped locationaided routing protocol for FANETs. International Journal of Information Technology, 13(1), 89-95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-020-00536-3

[17]. Kumar, S., Raw, R. S., & Bansal, A. (2021c). Energy and direction aware routing protocol for flying ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of International Conference on Communication, Circuits, and Systems (pp. 371-378). Springer, Singapore.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4866-0_46

[18]. Kumar, S., Raw, R. S., & Bansal, A. (2022). LoCaL: Linkoptimized cone-assisted location routing in flying ad hoc networks. International Journal of Communication Systems, e5375. https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.5375

[19]. Kumar, S., Raw, R. S., Bansal, A., Mohammed, M. A., Khuwuthyakorn, P., & Thinnukool, O. (2021b). 3D location oriented routing in flying ad-hoc networks for information dissemination. IEEE Access, 9, 137083-137098. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3115000

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i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering (JELE)

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Volume 12 Issue 4 June - August 2022

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*-*** Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. **** Sasi Institutute of Technology, Andhra Pradesh, India.

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PV Array Based EV Charging Station with Efficient Charging and Storage System

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Bhilai Institute of Technology, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India.

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Design of Drowsy and Alcohol Consumption Detection System in Vehicles using at Mega Microcontroller

J. Shiny*

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, DMI Engineering College, Aralvaimozhi, Tamil Nadu, India.

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FANETs in Wildlife Monitoring: Applications and Challenges

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*-***, *****,****** Department of Computer Science, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India. **** Department of Computer Engineering, Poornima Institute of Engineering & Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

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Shweta A. Pote* , Sumaiyya C. Pathan, S. K. Tilekar*

M. Dharani* , M. Bharathi, K. Praveena*, T. Venkata Krishna Moorthy****

- Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.

** Sasi Institutute of Technology, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Muskan Khare* , Shivani Gupta, Aishwarya Singh Rathore*, Bhawna Tunwal**, Sudesh Kumar*, Neeraj Kumar Rathore****

-, *, Department of Computer Science, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Department of Computer Engineering, Poornima Institute of Engineering & Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.