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i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering (JELE)

Current Issue Vol. 15 Issue 1

Most Cited

Volume 11 Issue 3 March - May 2021

Research Paper

IIoT Based Robot to Avoid Obstacles

Veerendra Dakulagi * , Nandini , Neha*, Mahananda****

*-**** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Bidar, Karnataka, India.

Dakulagi, V., Nandini, Neha, and Mahananda. (2021). IIoT Based Robot to Avoid Obstacles. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 11(3), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.11.3.18458

Abstract

Robot has adequate artificial intelligence to cover the most extreme region of given space. Determining the location of obstacles and avoiding them can be seen as a central issue in planning versatile robots. The task in this paper is to execute straightforward sensors and engines and build up a self-sufficient robot. The challenge is to design a self-explored basic robot utilizing a servo engine couple of DC engines and IR handset. This innovation will allow robots to navigate in new conditions without harming themselves with the help of sensors installed in them. The obstacle avoidance robot are designed in such a way that it can identify snags in its way and move around them without making any crash. This robot is designed with an Arduino Microcontroller and utilizes two ultrasonic sensors to recognize obstacle. The Arduino board was chosen as the microcontroller stage, and its product partner, Arduino Software, was used to complete the programming. The use of two ultrasonic sensors provides higher accuracy in detecting surrounding obstacles. As a fully self-driving robot, it can move efficiently even in dark environments without stumbling against any objects. All the components used in this proposed prototype is widely available and economical, which allows the robot to be manufactured in large scale effectively.

References

[1]. Al-Aubidy, K. M., Derbas, A. M., & Al-Mutairi, A. W. (2016, March). Real-time patient health monitoring and alarming using wireless-sensor-network. In 2016, 13th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD), (pp. 416-423). IEEE.

[2]. Amendola, S., Lodato, R., Manzari, S., Occhiuzzi, C., & Marrocco, G. (2014). RFID technology for IoT-based personal healthcare in smart spaces. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 1(2), 144-152.

[3]. Bakhar, M. (2017). A novel LMS beamformer for adaptive antenna array. Procedia Computer Science, 115, 94-100.

[4]. Bakhar, M., & Vani, R. M. (2016). Robust blind beam formers for smart antenna system using window techniques. Procedia Computer Science, 93, 713-720.

[5]. Bakhar, M., Vani, R. M., & Hunagund, P. V. (2014, December). Implementation and optimization of modified MUSIC algorithm for high resolution DOA estimation. In 2014, IEEE International Microwave and RF Conference (IMaRC), (pp. 190-193). IEEE.

[6]. Catarinucci, L., De Donno, D., Mainetti, L., Palano, L., Patrono, L., Stefanizzi, M. L., & Tarricone, L. (2015). An IoTaware architecture for smart healthcare systems. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2(6), 515-526.

[7]. Dakulagi, V., & Bakhar, M. (2018). Efficient blind beamforming algorithms for phased array and MIMO radar. IETE Journal of Research, 64(2), 241-246.

[8]. Gope, P., & Hwang, T. (2015). BSN-Care: A secure IoTbased modern healthcare system using body sensor network. IEEE Sensors Journal, 16(5), 1368-1376.

[9]. Kumar, M. A., & Sekhar, Y. R. (2015, March). Android based health care monitoring system. In 2015, International Conference on Innovations in Information, Embedded and Communication Systems (ICIIECS), (pp. 1-5). IEEE.

[10]. Lakshmanachari, S., Srihari, C., Sudhakar, A., & Nalajala, P. (2017, August). Design and implementation of cloud based patient health care monitoring systems using IoT. In 2017, International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS), (pp. 3713-3717). IEEE.

[11]. Mahadevaswamy, U. B. (2018). Wireless wearable smart healthcare monitoring using android. International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security, 12(2), 12-19.

[12]. Patii, N., & Iyer, B. (2017, May). Health monitoring and tracking system for soldiers using Internet of Things (IoT). In 2017, International Conference on Computing, Communication and Automation (ICCCA), (pp. 1347-1352). IEEE.

[13]. Sali, S., & Parvathi, C. S. (2017, April). Integrated wireless instrument for heart rate and body temperature measurement. In 2017, 2nd International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT), (pp. 457-463). IEEE.

[14]. Vani, R. M. (2016). Smart Antennas For Spectrum Sensing Using Cognitive Radio Networks. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 6(1), 32-37.

[15]. Vinod, K. P., & Mahadevaswamy, U. B. (2018). Unilateral vital signs monitoring systems on IoT. International Journal of Engineering and Manufacturing, 8(1), 53-62.

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Research Paper

Transportation Emission Level Prediction Using Mobile

M. Sanjeevi * , D. L. Jayanthi **

*-** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, AVS Engineering College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.

Sanjeevi, M., and Jayanthi, D. L. (2021). Transportation Emission Level Prediction Using Mobile. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 11(3), 6-11. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.11.3.18459

Abstract

Automobiles have become an indispensable element as situations and circumstances necessitate the use of vehicles. Internal combustion engines burn fossil fuels to power the vast majority of automobiles. During the process, they release a range of emissions into the atmosphere causing air pollution. This paper proposes a solution which will monitor the gas emission through the exhaust for the threshold limit of noxious chemicals. If the real-time value of particulate matter (PM) emissions exceeds the allowed limit, the system will warn the driver and text message will be sent to emission control authorities. The prototype of the paper makes use of a microcontroller, Bluetooth module, GPS and GSM communication modules, and few vehicle emission sensors. This work would be a successful solution to control pollutant emission from automobiles and a step towards clean environment and mitigating climate crisis.

References

[1]. Brevik, I., Eiken, O., Arts, R., Lindeberg, E., & Causse, E. (2000, May). Expectations and results from seismic monitoring of CO2 injection into a marine aquifer. In 62nd EAGE Conference and Exhibition-Special Session on CO2.

[2]. Fine, G. F., Cavanagh, L. M., Afonja, A., & Binions, R. (2010). Metal oxide semi-conductor gas sensors in environmental monitoring. Sensors, 10(6), 5469-5502.

[3]. Galatsis, K., Wlodarski, W., Kalantar-Zadeh, K., & Trinchi, A. (2002, December). Investigation of gas sensors for cabin air quality monitoring. In 2002, Proceedings of Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Materials and Devices, (pp. 229-232). IEEE.

[4]. Gale, J., Christensen, N. P., Cutler, A., & Torp, T. A. (2001). Demonstrating the potential for geological storage of CO2: The Sleipner and GESTCO projects. Environmental Geosciences, 8(3), 160-165.

[5]. Jones, D. G., Lister, T. R., Smith, D. J., West, J. M., Coombs, P., Gadalia, A., Brach, M., Annunziatellis, A., & Lombardi, S. (2011). In Salah gas CO2 storage JIP: Surface gas and biological monitoring. Energy Procedia, 4, 3566-3573.

[6]. Klara, S. M., Srivastava, R. D., & McIlvried, H. G. (2003). Integrated collaborative technology development program for CO2 sequestration in geologic formations-United States Department of Energy R&D. Energy Conversion and Management, 44(17), 2699-2712.

[7]. Liu, Z. Y., Wang, Z. D., Chen, R., & Wu, X. F. (2008, June). Intelligent residential security alarm and remote control system based on single chip computer. In 2008, 3rd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, (pp. 159-161). IEEE.

[8]. Solomon, S. (2007). Carbon dioxide storage: Geological security and environmental issues–Case study on the sleipner gas field in Norway. Bellona Report.

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Research Paper

Modelling and Simulation for Short-Channel Junction Less Double Gate MOSFETs

S. Darwin* , I. Jenifer **

*-** Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Dr. Sivanthi Aditanar College of Engineering, Tiruchendur, Tamil Nadu, India.

Darwin, S., and Jenifer, I. (2021). Modelling and Simulation for Short-Channel Junction Less Double Gate MOSFETs. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 11(3), 12-17. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.11.3.18460

Abstract

Semiconductor junctions are present in all existing transistors, and transistors are the fundamental building blocks of modern electronic devices. A strongly doped device with the same type of doping in the channel area as the source and drain regions is known as a junctionless (JL) transistor. Chipmakers utilise junction-less transistors to build smaller devices. This work examines junctionless Double Gate (JL DG) MOSFETs with Threshold Voltage Roll-Off (TVR), DIBL, and Sub-threshold Swing.

References

[1]. Chiang, T. K. (2005). A new scaling theory for fully depleted SOI double-gate MOSFET's: Including effective conducting path effect (ECPE). Solid-state Electronics, 49(3), 317-322.

[2]. Chiang, T. K. (2012). A quasi-two-dimensional threshold voltage model for short-channel junctionless double-gate MOSFETs. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 59(9), 2284-2289.

[3]. Dhiman, G., & Ghosh, P. K. (2017). Threshold voltage modeling for nanometer scale junction less double gate MOSFET. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 12(9), 1807-1810.

[4]. Duarte, J. P., Choi, S. J., Moon, D. I., & Choi, Y. K. (2011). Simple analytical bulk current model for long-channel double-gate junctionless transistors. IEEE Electron Device Letters, 32(6), 704-706.

[5]. Granzner, R., Schwierz, F., &Polyakov, V. M. (2007). An analytical model for the threshold voltage shift caused by two-dimensional quantum confinement in undoped multiple-gate MOSFETs. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 54(9), 2562-2565.

[6]. Pandey, S. P., Kushwah, R. S., Singh, S. B., & Akashe, S. (2013, August). Analytical modelling and comparison of triple gate MOSFET with double gate MOSFET. In 2013, International Conference on Control, Computing, Communication and Materials (ICCCCM), (pp. 1-6). IEEE.

[7]. Rios, R., Cappellani, A., Armstrong, M., Budrevich, A., Gomez, H., Pai, R., Rahhal-orabi, N., & Kuhn, K. (2011). Comparison of junctionless and conventional trigate transistors with Lg down to 26 nm. IEEE Electron Device Letters, 32(9), 1170-1172.

[8]. Roy, N. C., Gupta, A., & Rai, S. (2015). Analytical surface potential modeling and simulation of junction-less double gate (JLDG) MOSFET for ultra low-power analog/RF circuits. Microelectronics Journal, 46(10), 916-922.

[9]. Sarma, K. C. D., & Sharma, S. (2015). An approach for complete 2-D analytical potential modelling of fully depleted symmetric double gate junction less transistor. Journal of Computational Electronics, 14(3), 717-725.

[10]. Trivedi, V. P., & Fossum, J. G. (2005). Quantummechanical effects on the threshold voltage of undoped double-gate MOSFETs. IEEE Electron Device Letters, 26(8), 579-582.

[11]. Weis, M., Pfitzner, A., Ksprowicz, K., Lin, Y. W., Fischer, T., Emling, R., Marek-Sadowska, M., Schmitt-Landsiedel, D., & Maly, W. (2008). Low power SRAM cell using vertical slit field effect transistor (VeSFET). In 34th European Solid-State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC FRINGE 2008).

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Research Paper

Compact Dual L Slit Monopole Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for WIMAX /WLAN Applications

Viresh Kumar * , Shri Om Mishra , Chandan*, Mallikarjuna Rao K****

*-**** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Institute of Engineering & Technology, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Kumar, V., Mishra, S. O., Chandan, and Tiwari, P. (2021). Compact Dual L Slit Monopole Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for WIMAX /WLAN Applications. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 11(3), 18-24. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.11.3.18412

Abstract

A compact dual L slit defected ground structure monopole antenna for WiMAX/ WLAN application has been proposed. In this paper, after the L slit is cut on rectangular patch, dual band is generated. L slit with the inverted L slit is providing more gain and good radiation pattern. This is a low profile antenna and after incorporating DGS, the bandwidth is also enhancing. The size of this compact antenna is 26× 40 ×0.8 mm³. The antenna has the range of frequency (2.3- 2.9GHz)/2.4GHz for lower band of WLAN and (3.7- 5.9GHz)/4.8GHz for WiMAX and higher band of WLAN. The bandwidth of 25% is achieved for lower band WLAN and 45% of bandwidth is achieved for WiMAX with WLAN. The gain achieved (2.3-2.9GHz)/2.4GHz is 5dBi for lower band and (3.7-5.9GHz)/4.8GHz the gain is 2.4dBi for higher band.

References

[1]. Chandan, B. S. (2016). Rai, Dual-band monopole patch antenna using mirostrip fed for WiMAX and WLAN applications. In Springer Proceedings of Third International Conference (Vol. 2, pp. 533-539).

[2]. Chandan, Bharti, G., Bharti, P. K., & Rai, B. S. (2018a, April). Miniaturized Pi (Π)-Slit monopole antenna for 2.4/5.2/5.8 applications. In AIP Conference Proceedings, 1952(1). AIP Publishing LLC.

[3]. Chandan, Bharti, G., Srivastava, T., & Rai, B. S. (2018b, April). Dual band monopole antenna for WLAN 2.4/5.2/5.8 with truncated ground. In AIP Conference Proceedings, 1952(1). AIP Publishing LLC.

[4]. Chandan, Bharti, G., Srivastava, T., & Rai, B. S. (2018c, April). Miniaturized printed K shaped monopole antenna with truncated ground plane for 2.4/5.2/5.5/5.8 wireless lan applications. In AIP Conference Proceedings, 1952(1). AIP Publishing LLC.

[5]. Chandan, T. S., & Rai, B. S. (2016). Multiband monopole U-slot patch antenna with truncated ground plane. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 58(8), 1949-1952.

[6]. Chandan. (2020). Truncated ground plane multiband monopole antenna for WLAN and WiMAX applications. IETE Journal of Research, 1-6.

[7]. Chen, H., Yang, X., Yin, Y. Z., Wu, J. J., & Cai, Y. M. (2013). Tri-band rectangle-loaded monopole antenna with inverted-L slot for WLAN/WiMAX applications. Electronics Letters, 49(20), 1261-1262.

[8]. Garg, R., Bhartia, P., Bahl, I. J., & Ittipiboon, A. (2001). Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook. Artech house.

[9]. Pushkar, P., & Gupta, V. R. (2016). A metamaterial based tri band antenna for W i MAX/WLAN application. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 58(3), 558-561.

[10]. Rai, B. S. (2014a, April). Bandwidth enhancement of Wang shape microstrip patch antenna for wireless system. In 2014, Fourth International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies (pp. 11-15). IEEE.

[11]. Rai, B. S. (2014b, November). Dual-band wang shaped microstrip patch antenna for GPS and Bluetooth application. In 2014, International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (pp. 69-73). IEEE.

[12]. Ratnesh, R. K., & Kumar, A. (2021). A Compact Dual Rectangular Slot Monopole Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX Applications. In Innovations in Cyber Physical Systems (pp. 699-705). Springer, Singapore.

[13]. Singhal, S., & Sharma, P. (2021). A Low-Profile ThreeStub Multiband Antenna for 5.2/6/8.2 GHz Applications. In Innovations in Cyber Physical Systems (pp. 707-713). Springer, Singapore.

[14]. Srivastava, T., & Rai, B. S. (2017). L-Slotted Microstrip Fed Monopole Antenna for Triple Band WLAN and WiMAX Applications. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Frontiers in Intelligent Computing: Theory and Applications (pp. 351-359). Springer, Singapore.

[15]. Vashisth, S., & Singhal, S. (2021). Low-Profile H Slot Multiband Antenna for WLAN/Wi-MAX Application. In Innovations in Cyber Physical Systems (pp. 727-735). Springer, Singapore.

[16]. Verma, S., & Kumar, P. (2014). Compact triple-band antenna for WiMAX and WLAN applications. Electronics Letters, 50(7), 484-486.

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Research Paper

Design of Textile Microstrip Antenna Military Application

R. Jothi Chitra* , A.B. Srinivasa Rao, M. Hari Haran *, R. Bala Vignesh ****

*-**** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Velammal Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Chitra, R. J., Kumar, P. D., Haran, M. H., and Vignesh, R. B. (2021). Design of Textile Microstrip Antenna Military Application. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 11(3), 25-34. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.11.3.18187

Abstract

Wearable textile antennas are becoming increasingly significant in today's environment for healthcare and a variety of other applications. As a result of recent downsizing, the use of wearable textile materials for the creation of microstrip antenna segments has been rapid. Wearable textile antennas are being employed more and more in wireless applications. A wearable antenna is intended to be worn as part of communication clothing. Some of the applications include tracking and navigation, mobile computing, and public safety. Wearable antenna materials must have a flat structure and flexible construction. A variety of material properties influence the antenna's characteristics. The bandwidth and efficiency of a planar microstrip antenna, for example, are primarily governed by the ultimate result which is determined by the thickness of the substrate and its permittivity. Textiles are used for a wide range of purposes. It is necessary to characterize the properties of wearable antennas. In this paper, a spear-shaped textile antenna for military application is designed. The proposed antenna is designed to operate at Ku band with a frequency range of 12 – 18 GHz. The microstrip patch antenna uses cotton as the substrate which has dielectric constant εr= 1.6 and tangent loss of 0.04. The spearshaped textile antenna has achieved a gain of 6.85dB and VSWR around 1.03 at the resonant frequency. The size of the designed antenna is 10 mm × 13 mm × 1.6 mm. The radiation characteristics such as return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern, and gain are simulated and presented using CST Suite Studio 2019. The spear-shaped textile antenna can be used in military jackets because of its flexibility, human safety, compatibility, and miniaturization.

References

[1]. Archevapanich, T., Lertwatechakul, M., Rakluea, P., Anantrasirichai, N., & Chutchavong, V. (2014, October). Ultra-wideband slot antenna on flexible substrate for WLAN/WiMAX/UWB applications. In Asian Simulation Conference (pp. 116-126). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

[2]. Chin, K. S., Wu, C. S., Shen, C. L., & Tsai, K. C. (2018). Designs of textile antenna arrays for smart clothing applications. Autex Research Journal, 18(3), 295-307.

[3]. Kantharia, M., Desai, A., Mankodi, P., Upadhyaya, T., & Patel, R. (2020). Performance evaluation of transparent and non-transparent flexible antennas. In Optical and Wireless Technologies (pp. 1-8). Springer, Singapore.

[4]. Kellomäki, T. (2012). Effects of the human body on single-layer wearable antennas. Tampere University of Technology, Finland.

[5]. Li, J., Jiang, Y., & Zhao, X. (2019). Circularly polarized wearable antenna based on NinjaFlex-embedded conductive fabric. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation.

[6]. Mahmood, S. N., Ishak, A. J., Saeidi, T., Alsariera, H., Alani, S., Ismail, A., & Soh, A. C. (2020). Recent Advances in Wearable Antenna Technologies: a Review. Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, 89, 1-27.

[7]. Poonkuzhali, R., Alex, Z. C., & Balakrishnan, T. N. (2016). Miniaturized wearable fractal antenna for military applications at VHF band. Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, 62, 179-190.

[8]. Ramadan, M., & Dahle, R. (2019). Characterization of 3-D printed flexible heterogeneous substrate designs for wearable antennas. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 67(5), 2896-2903.

[9]. Samal, P. B., Soh, P. J., & Vandenbosch, G. A. (2013). UWB all-textile antenna with full ground plane for off-body WBAN communications. IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation, 62(1), 102-108.

[10]. Sankaralingam, S., & Gupta, B. (2010). Determination of dielectric constant of fabric materials and their use as substrates for design and development of antennas for wearable applications. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 59(12), 3122-3130.

i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering (JELE)

Current Issue Vol. 15 Issue 1

Most Read

Most Cited

Volume 11 Issue 3 March - May 2021

IIoT Based Robot to Avoid Obstacles

Veerendra Dakulagi * , Nandini **, Neha***, Mahananda****

*-**** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Bidar, Karnataka, India.

Dakulagi, V., Nandini, Neha, and Mahananda. (2021). IIoT Based Robot to Avoid Obstacles. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 11(3), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.11.3.18458

Abstract

References

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Transportation Emission Level Prediction Using Mobile

M. Sanjeevi * , D. L. Jayanthi **

*-** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, AVS Engineering College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.

Sanjeevi, M., and Jayanthi, D. L. (2021). Transportation Emission Level Prediction Using Mobile. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 11(3), 6-11. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.11.3.18459

Abstract

References

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Modelling and Simulation for Short-Channel Junction Less Double Gate MOSFETs

S. Darwin* , I. Jenifer **

*-** Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Dr. Sivanthi Aditanar College of Engineering, Tiruchendur, Tamil Nadu, India.

Darwin, S., and Jenifer, I. (2021). Modelling and Simulation for Short-Channel Junction Less Double Gate MOSFETs. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 11(3), 12-17. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.11.3.18460

Abstract

References

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Compact Dual L Slit Monopole Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for WIMAX /WLAN Applications

Viresh Kumar * , Shri Om Mishra **, Chandan***, Mallikarjuna Rao K****

*-**** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Institute of Engineering & Technology, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Kumar, V., Mishra, S. O., Chandan, and Tiwari, P. (2021). Compact Dual L Slit Monopole Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for WIMAX /WLAN Applications. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 11(3), 18-24. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.11.3.18412

Abstract

References

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Design of Textile Microstrip Antenna Military Application

R. Jothi Chitra* , A.B. Srinivasa Rao**, M. Hari Haran ***, R. Bala Vignesh ****

*-**** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Velammal Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Chitra, R. J., Kumar, P. D., Haran, M. H., and Vignesh, R. B. (2021). Design of Textile Microstrip Antenna Military Application. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 11(3), 25-34. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.11.3.18187

Abstract

References

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Veerendra Dakulagi * , Nandini , Neha*, Mahananda****

Viresh Kumar * , Shri Om Mishra , Chandan*, Mallikarjuna Rao K****

R. Jothi Chitra* , A.B. Srinivasa Rao, M. Hari Haran *, R. Bala Vignesh ****