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i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering (JELE)

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An Intelligent Base Link Recovery Management and Path Stability in Clustered Randomly Distributed Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
A High-Performance Dual Classifier Based Packet Classification Engine on FPGA
An Overview of Smart Grid Smart Meters with Fault Detection
Shopping Trolley for Automated Billing System with Pick and Place Mechanism using Image Processing
Flexing Frontiers: Pioneering Advances in Biosensors for Instant Health Insights

Most Cited

Volume 10 Issue 4 June - August 2020

Research Paper

Design and Development of High Power EDFA in C-Band

Koushik Basak* , R. K. Bahl **

*-** Optical Communication Division, Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organization, Gujarat, India.

Basak, K., and Bahl, R. K. (2020). Design and Development of High Power EDFA in C-Band. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 10(4), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.10.4.17952

Abstract

In this paper, we have discussed the design of high power optical amplifier incorporating physical parameters like doping diameter, doping density and comparison of simulated result with measured one. The seed input to amplifier is considered less than -10 dBm and targeted amplified output is better than 34 dBm. For the development of high power optical amplifier, first stage is designed to provide high gain, low noise figure (NF) and stable output power. Highly Erbium (Er) doped fiber is used for this study. Simulated results closely validate the measured result while Excited State Absorption (ESA) and ion interactions are taken into account. Based on this development, further stages of high power Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) is being developed.

References

[1]. Al Naboulsi, M. C., Sizun, H., & de Fornel, F. (2004, September). Wavelength selection for the free space optical telecommunication technology. In Reliability of Optical Fiber Components, Devices, Systems, and Networks II (Vol. 5465, pp. 168-179). International Society for Optics and Photonics. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.546022

[2]. Amin, M. Z., & Qureshi, K. K. (2015, May). Er3+ -Er3+ interaction effects and performance evaluation of Erbium Doped Fiber amplifiers. In 2015, IEEE 28^th Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE) (pp. 1383-1386). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CC ECE.2015.7129481

[3]. Desurvier, E. (2002). Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers: Principles and Applications. Wiley-Interscience.

[4]. Laurent, B., & Duchmann, O. (1991, June). SILEX project: The first European optical intersatellite link experiment. In Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies III (Vol. 1417, pp. 2-12). International Society for Optics and Photonics. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.43737

[5]. Liqun, H., Guang, Y., Yazhen, L., Jun, G., & Zhihua, L. (2010, June). L-band EDFA with high saturation output power and low noise figure. In 2010, International Conference on Computer Design and Applications (Vol. 4, pp. V4-537). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCDA.2010.55 40708

[6]. Naimullah, B. S., Othman, M., Rahman, A. K., Sulaiman, S. I., Ishak, S., Hitam, S., & Aljunid, S. A. (2008, December). Comparison of wavelength propagation for free space optical communications. In 2008, International Conference on Electronic Design (pp. 1-5). IEEE. https:// doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2008.4786657

[7]. Nilsson, J., Jaskorzynska, B., & Blixt, P. (1993). Performance reduction and design modification of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers resulting from pair-induced quenching. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 5(12), 1427- 1429. https://doi.org/10.1109/68.262560

[8]. Nusinsky, I., & Hardy, A. A. (2003). Analysis of the effect of upconversion on signal amplification in Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 39(4), 548-554. https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE. 2003.809339

[9]. Ravikanth, J., Shah, D. D., Vijaya, R., Singh, B. P., & Shevgaonkar, R. K. (2001, September). High-power EDFA analysis. In Photonics 2000: International Conference on Fiber Optics and Photonics (Vol. 4417, pp. 396-402). International Society for Optics and Photonics. https://doi. org/10.1117/12.441326

[10]. Sodnik, Z., Furch, B., & Lutz, H. (2006, October). Freespace laser communication activities in Europe: SILEX and beyond. In LEOS 2006-19^th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (pp. 78-79). IEEE. https:// doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2006.278845

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Research Paper

MIMO Antenna Array for 5G Smartphone Application

R. Dhananjeyan* , Prashanth R. , Rajnaninan T. *, Pournami Kenoth ****

*-**** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM Valliammai Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Dhananjeyan, R., Prashanth, R., Rajnaninan, T., and Kenoth, P. (2020). MIMO Antenna Array for 5G Smartphone Application. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 10(4), 9-16. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.10.4.18163

Abstract

In this paper, the original open-slot antenna is presented as antenna array elements which yields high isolation between adjacent input ports for future 5G smartphones. Eight novel antenna array elements are designed for the multi-input multioutput (MIMO) array operating in the 3.5 GHz band (3.3–3.7 GHz). Preferable polarization diversity is effectuated by prudently positioning those elements which further reduces the coupling between antenna elements. Good impedance matching (return loss > 10 dB), high isolation (>17.5 dB), high total efficiency (>60%), and low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC, <0.05) were measured across the desired operation bandwidth. Typical results such as S-parameters, radiation efficiency, antenna gain, radiation pattern, and ECCs are to be measured, and they can meet the requirements of MIMO systems. Therefore, the proposed multi-antenna module is promising for future multi-mode smartphone application.

References

[1]. Chen, H. D., & Yang, H. W. (2017). Single open-slot antenna for LTE/WWAN smartphone application. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 65(8), 4278- 4282. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2017.2710228

[2]. Li, M. Y., Ban, Y. L., Xu, Z. Q., Wu, G., Kang, K., & Yu, Z. F. (2016). Eight-port orthogonally dual-polarized antenna array for 5G smartphone applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 64(9), 3820-3830. https://doi. org/10.1109/TAP.2016.2583501

[3]. Li, M. Y., Xu, Z. Q., Ban, Y. L., & Yu, Z. F. (2017). Eight-port orthogonally dual-polarised MIMO antennas using loop structures for 5G smartphone. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, 11(12), 1810-1816.

[4]. Sim, C. Y. D., Chen, C. C., & Lee, Y. L. (2016). A dual band antenna design for MIMO LTE applications with reduced ground effects. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer Aided Engineering, 26(1), 80-87. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmce.20941

[5]. Wong, K. L., & Wu, W. C. (2016). Very low profile hybrid open slot/closed slot/inverted F antenna for the LTE smartphone. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 58(7), 1572-1577. https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.29863

[6]. Wong, K. L., Lu, J. Y., Chen, L. Y., Li, W. Y., & Ban, Y. L. (2016). 8 antenna and 16 antenna arrays using the quad antenna linear array as a building block for the 3.5 GHz LTE MIMO operation in the smartphone. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 58(1), 174-181. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/mop.29527

[7]. Zhang, S., Glazunov, A. A., Ying, Z., & He, S. (2013). Reduction of the envelope correlation coefficient with improved total efficiency for mobile LTE MIMO antenna arrays: Mutual scattering mode. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 61(6), 3280-3291. https://doi. org/10.1109/TAP.2013.2248071

[8]. Zheng, M., Wang, H., &Hao, Y. (2012). Internal hexaband folded monopole/dipole/loop antenna with four resonances for mobile device. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 60(6), 2880-2885. https://doi. org/10.1109/TAP.2012.2194687

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Research Paper

A Harmonic Optimization Approach of 500 KVA HOG Converter

Sayan Paramanik* , Krishna Sarker **

* Department of Customer Support-Railway Engineering, Autometers Alliance Limited, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

** Department of Electrical Engineering, Budge Budge Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Paramanik, S., and Sarker, K. (2020). A Harmonic Optimization Approach of 500 KVA HOG Converter. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 10(4), 17-24. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.10.4.18050

Abstract

Nowadays it is more important to design energy resourceful and economical railway system by decreasing the power losses and consumption of fuel which is slightly implemented using 500 kVA HOG (Head On Generation) converter which can take input electrical energy from 25 kV overhead wire via loco transformer. This paper explains the BBO (Biogeography Based Optimization) approach for 500 kVA HOG converter connected to locomotives. The optimization of specific lower order harmonics is carried out using harmonics of the same order and magnitude but opposite in phase. The selective switching angles for 180^⁰ and 120^⁰ are calculated offline using the BBO soft computing technique and stored in the microcontroller memory for execution. Simulation and analytical formulation data agree well. The THD (Total harmonic distortion) in output is found within the specified limit.

References

[1]. Acharjee, P., & Goswami, S. K. (2009). Expert algorithm based on adaptive particle swarm optimization for power flow analysis. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(3), 5151- 5156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2008.06.027

[2]. Agelidis, V. G., Balouktsis, A., Balouktsis, I., & Cossar, C. (2006). Multiple sets of solutions for harmonic elimination PWM bipolar waveforms: Analysis and experimental verification. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 21(2), 415-421. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2005.869752

[3]. Duffey, C. K., & Stratford, R. P. (1989). Update of harmonic standard IEEE-519: IEEE recommended practices and requirements for harmonic control in electric power systems. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 25(6), 1025-1034. https://doi.org/10.1109/28.44238

[4]. Enjeti, P. N., Ziogas, P. D., & Lindsay, J. F. (1988, October). Programmed PWM techniques to eliminate harmonics-A critical evaluation. In Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (pp. 418-430). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25095

[5]. Hoseinpour, A., Barakati, S. M., & Ghazi, R. (2012). Harmonic reduction in wind turbine generators using a Shunt Active Filter based on the proposed modulation technique. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 43(1), 1401-1412. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijepes.2012.06.052

[6]. Kavitha, R., & Thottungal, R. (2018). Reconfigurable selective harmonic elimination technique for wide range operations in asymmetric cascaded multilevel inverter. Journal of Power Electronics, 18(4), 1037-1050. https://doi. org/1050.0.6113/JPE.2018.18.4.1037

[7]. Kavitha, R., Rani, T., & Brindha, R. (2016). Harmonic elimination of seven level inverter with switching pattern reconfiguration technique using hybrid BBO/MAS algorithm. International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE), 5(2), 79-86. https://doi.org/10.11591/ij ape.v5.i2.pp79-86

[8]. Mahrous, E. A., Rahim, N. A., & Hew, W. P. (2007). Threephase three-level voltage source inverter with low switching frequency based on the two-level inverter topology. IET Electric Power Applications, 1(4), 637-641. https://doi.org/ 10.1049/iet-epa:20060280

[9]. Maswood, A. I., Wei, S., & Rahman, M. A. (2001, March). A flexible way to generate PWM-SHE switching patterns using genetic algorithm. In APEC 2001, Sixteenth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (Vol. 2, pp. 1130-1134). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1 109/APEC.2001.912508

[10]. Ray, R. N., Chatterjee, D., & Goswami, S. K. (2009). An application of PSO technique for harmonic elimination in a PWM inverter. Applied Soft Computing, 9(4), 1315-1320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2009.05.002

[11]. Simon, D. (2008). Biogeography-based optimization. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 12(6), 702- 713. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEVC.2008.919004

[12]. Sirvaiya, S. S., & Singh, A. (2018). Head On Generation (HOG): An energy efficient system in Indian Railway. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 5(4), 1263-1267.

[13]. Sun, J., & Grotstollen, H. (1992, November). Solving nonlinear equations for selective harmonic eliminated PWM using predicted initial values. In Proceedings of the 1992 International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control, Instrumentation, and Automation (pp. 259-264). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.1992.254623

[14]. Wells, J. R., Nee, B. M., Chapman, P. L., & Krein, P. T. (2005). Selective harmonic control: A general problem formulation and selected solutions. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 20(6), 1337-1345. https://doi.org/10.11 09/TPEL.2005.857541

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Research Paper

Certain Investigation of Multi Band Flexible Patch Antenna for Bio-Medical Applications

V. Rajinikanth*

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Adhi College of Engineering and Technology, Kanchipuram, Tamilnadu, India.

Rajinikanth, V. (2020). Certain Investigation of Multi Band Flexible Patch Antenna for Bio-Medical Applications. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 10(4), 25-30. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.10.4.18199

Abstract

Flexible antennas are simple mechanisms used for the medical applications. Bendable wearable patch antennas, when combined into a biomedical garment are subjected to bending, affecting variation in the resonance frequency when compared with the normal antenna. Bending conditions have been different statistically with different humans. As a result, anticipating variations due to bending is equally important. The system offers one-of-a-kind prototypes that allow for predictable and numerical deviations in the resonance frequency of cut ring-shaped wearable patch antennas. They consist of a systematic model for cut ring patch antennas, expressing resonance frequency as a function of the bending radius, and a novel technique based on polynomial disorder, that measures statistically the variations of the resonance frequency under randomly varying bending conditions. The presented models have been experimentally and numerically validated using simulations, and the minor limitations, such as reflection coefficient boundary, VSWR, E-field, and H-Field of various situations, have been addressed. The reconstructed results show that the evaluation of the unique shape and bending antenna has been successful.

References

[1]. Al-Fayyadh, H. Q., AlSabbagh, H. M., & Al-Rizzo, H. (2017). Design a flexible antenna integrated with artificial magnetic conductor. Advanced Computational Techniques in Electromagnetics, 2017, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.5899/ 2017/ACTE-0021

[2]. Bhattacharyya, S., Das, N., Bhattacharjee, D., & Mukherjee, A. (Eds.). (2016). Handbook of Research on Recent Developments in Intelligent Communication Application. IGI Global.

[3]. Chan, M., Estève, D., Fourniols, J. Y., Escriba, C., & Campo, E. (2012). Smart wearable systems: Current status and future challenges. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 56(3), 137-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2012.09. 003

[4]. El Gharbi, M., Martinez-Estrada, M., Fernández- García, R., Ahyoud, S., & Gil, I. (2020). A novel ultra-wide band wearable antenna under different bending conditions for electronic-textile applications. The Journal of The Textile Institute, 112(3), 437-443. https://doi.org/10.108 0/00405000.2020.1762326

[5]. Jianying, L., Fang, D., Yichen, Z., Xin, Y., Lulu, C., Panpan, Z., & Mengjun, W. (2016, May). Bending effects on a flexible Yagi-Uda antenna for wireless body area network. In 2016, Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (APEMC) (Vol. 1, pp. 1001- 1003). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/APEMC.2016.7522928

[6]. Khaleel, H. R. (2012). Novel metamaterial based antennas for flexible wireless systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR.

[7]. Li, M., Luk, K. M., Ge, L., & Zhang, K. (2016). Miniaturization of magnetoelectric dipole antenna by using metamaterial loading. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 64(11), 4914-4918. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/TAP.2016.2599176

[8]. Li, Y., Li, W., & Mittra, R. (2014). Miniaturized CPW-FED UWB antenna with dual frequency rejection bands using stepped impedance stub and arc shaped parasitic element. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 56(4), 783-787. https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.28228

[9]. Li, Y., Li, W., & Ye, Q. (2013). A reconfigurable triplenotch- band antenna integrated with defected microstrip structure band-stop filter for ultra-wideband cognitive radio applications. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/472645

[10]. Li, Y., Zhang, W., & Yu, W. (2015). A circular slot UWB antenna with independently tunable quad-band filtering characteristics. Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal, 30(10), 1089-1095.

[11]. Mohamadzade, B., Hashmi, R. M., Simorangkir, R. B., Gharaei, R., Ur Rehman, S., & Abbasi, Q. H. (2019). Recent advances in fabrication methods for flexible antennas in wearable devices: State of the art. Sensors, 19(10), 2312. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19102312

[12]. Mohandoss, S., Palaniswamy, S. K., Thipparaju, R. R., Kanagasabai, M., Naga, B. R. B., & Kumar, S. (2019). On the bending and time domain analysis of compact wideband flexible monopole antennas. AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 101, 168- 181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2019.01.015

[13]. Osman, M. A., Rahim, M. K. A., Samsuri, N. A., Elbasheer, M. K., & Ali, M. E. (2012). Textile UWB antenna bending and wet performances. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/ 251682

[14]. Survase, S. C., & Deshmukh, V. V. (2013). Design of wearable antenna for telemedicine application. International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT), 2(2), 574-580.

[15]. Vallozzi, L., Boeykens, F., & Rogier, H. (2015, April). Cylindrically-bent rectangular patch antennas: novel modeling techniques for resonance frequency variation and uncertainty. In 2015, 9^th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.

[16]. Xiong, H., Hong, J. S., & Peng, Y. H. (2012). Impedance bandwidth and gain improvement for microstrip antenna using metamaterials. Radioengineering, 21(4), 993-998.

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Review Paper

A Survey on Fault Finding Soft Computing Techniques in Antenna Array

Sunita Rani* , Jagtar Singh **

*-** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Yadavindra College of Engineering, Talwandi Sabo, Punjab, India.

Rani, S., and Singh, J. (2020). A Survey on Fault Finding Soft Computing Techniques in Antenna Array. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 10(4), 31-36. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.10.4.18125

Abstract

Antenna arrays consist of more than one patch element and are used in various wireless applications. If a single patch element is defective then degraded radiation pattern is obtained which affect the performance of an antenna array. So it has become a critical issue to detect faulty patch in antenna array. In this paper, ANN and FFT based approach has been used to detect number and position of defective patch in designed arrays. Several optimization methods have been applied to detect partial and complete fault in linear and planar antenna arrays. These techniques include Firefly Algorithm (FA), Bat Algorithm, Bacteria Foraging Optimization (BFO) and Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA). A cost function has been developed for error between faulty power patterns and estimated one. Minimum value of this cost function will detect the location of defective patch in array. A virtual instrument based model had also been developed for fault analysis in a fractal array.

References

[1]. Acharya, O. P., Patnaik, A., & Choudhury, B. (2011, January). Fault finding in antenna arrays using bacteria foraging optimization technique. In 2011, National Conference on Communications (NCC) (pp. 1-5). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/NCC.2011.5734761

[2]. Balanis, C. A. (2005). Antenna theory: Analysis and design. John Wiley and Sons.

[3]. Barison, A., Deo, P., & Mirshekar-Syahkal, D. (2014, April). A switched beam 60 GHz 2×2-element planar antenna array. In The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2014) (pp. 1000-1002). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCAP.2014.6901934

[4]. Castaldi, G., Pierro, V., & Pinto, I. M. (2000). Efficient faulty element diagnostics of large antenna arrays by discrete mean field neural nets. Progress in Electromagnetics Research, 25, 53-76.

[5]. Choudhury, B., Pattanayak, S., & Patnaik, A. (2009, December). A genetically trained neural network application for fault finding in antenna arrays. In 2009, Applied Electromagnetics Conference (AEMC) (pp. 1-4). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/AEMC.2009.5430646

[6]. Errifi, H., Baghdad, A., Badri, A., & Sahel, A. (2015). Design and analysis of directive microstrip patch array antennas with series, corporate and series-corporate feed network. International Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, 3(6), 416-423. https://doi.org/10.12720/ijeee. 3.6.416-423

[7]. Grewal, N. S., Rattan, M., & Patterh, M. S. (2015, August). A linear antenna array failure detection using Bat Algorithm. In 2015, Eighth International Conference on Contemporary Computing (IC3) (pp. 202-207). IEEE.

[8]. Ince, T., Kiranyaz, S., Eren, L., Askar, M., & Gabbouj, M. (2016). Real-time motor fault detection by 1-D convolutional neural networks. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 63(11), 7067-7075. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/TIE.2016.2582729

[9]. Khan, S. U., Qureshi, I. M., Zaman, F., Basit, A., & Khan, W. (2013). Application of firefly algorithm to fault finding in linear arrays antenna. World Applied Sciences Journal, 26(2), 232-238.

[10]. Khan, S. U., Rahim, M. K. A., Aminu-Baba, M., Khalil, A. E. K., & Sardar, A. (2018). Diagnosis of faulty elements in Array antenna using nature inspired cuckoo search algorithm. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 8(3), 1870-1874.

[11]. Kumar, V. N. L., Satyanarayanana, M., Sridevi, P. V., & Parakash, M. S. (2014). Microstrip fractal linear array for multiband applications. In IEEE International Conference on Advanced Communication Control and Computing Technologies (pp.1818-1822).

[12]. Leoni, A., Pantoli, L., Stornelli, V., Leuzzi, G., & Marinkovic, Z. (2018). Automated calibration system for RF configurable voltage-controlled filters. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 65(8), 1034-1038. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2018.2790078

[13]. Malloux, R. J. (1994). Phased array antennas handbook. Artech House.

[14]. Muralidharan, R., Vallavaraj, A., Mahanti, G. K., & Mahanti, A. (2014). Finding defective elements in antenna array using fast Fourier transform. International Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, 2(4), 336-339.

[15]. Pal, S., Roy, K., Nag, A., & Tiwary, A. K. (2014). Eshaped wide band microstrip array antenna for wireless communication systems. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 3(6).

[16]. Patnaik, A., & Christodoulou, C. (2006, July). Finding failed element positions in linear antenna arrays using neural networks. In 2006, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (pp. 1675-1678). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2006.1710883

[17]. Patnaik, A., Choudhury, B., Pradhan, P., Mishra, R. K., & Christodoulou, C. (2007). An ANN application for fault finding in antenna arrays. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 55(3), 775-777. https://doi.org/10.1109/ TAP.2007.891557

[18]. Praveena, A., & Ponnapalli, V. S. (2019, January). A review on design aspects of fractal antenna arrays. In 2019, International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI) (pp. 1-3). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCI.2019.8821860

[19]. Rani, S., & Sivia, J. S. (2020). Design and development of virtual instrument for fault diagnosis in fractal antenna array. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer Aided Engineering, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.10 02/mmce.22026

[20]. Rastogi, S., & Paliwal, M. (2013). Comparative analysis of microstrip patch antenna in various clime. International Journal of Advances in Electronics and Electrical Engineering, 3, 607-612.

[21]. Rodriguez, J. A., Ares, F., Palacios, H., & Vassal'lo, J. (2000). Finding defective elements in planar arrays using genetic algorithms. Progress in Electromagnetics Research, 29, 25-37. https://doi.org/10.2528/PIER00011401

[22]. Vakula, D., & Sarma, N. V. S. N. (2009). Fault diagnosis of planar antenna arrays using neural networks. Progress in Electromagnetics Research, 6, 35-46. https://doi.org/10. 2528/PIERM09011204

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[24]. Yeo, B. K., & Lu, Y. (1999). Array failure correction with a genetic algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 47(5), 823-828. https://doi.org/10.1109/8.77 4136

i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering (JELE)

Current Issue Vol. 14 Issue 1

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Volume 10 Issue 4 June - August 2020

Design and Development of High Power EDFA in C-Band

Koushik Basak* , R. K. Bahl **

*-** Optical Communication Division, Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organization, Gujarat, India.

Basak, K., and Bahl, R. K. (2020). Design and Development of High Power EDFA in C-Band. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 10(4), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.10.4.17952

Abstract

References

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MIMO Antenna Array for 5G Smartphone Application

R. Dhananjeyan* , Prashanth R. **, Rajnaninan T. ***, Pournami Kenoth ****

*-**** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM Valliammai Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Dhananjeyan, R., Prashanth, R., Rajnaninan, T., and Kenoth, P. (2020). MIMO Antenna Array for 5G Smartphone Application. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 10(4), 9-16. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.10.4.18163

Abstract

References

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A Harmonic Optimization Approach of 500 KVA HOG Converter

Sayan Paramanik* , Krishna Sarker **

* Department of Customer Support-Railway Engineering, Autometers Alliance Limited, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. ** Department of Electrical Engineering, Budge Budge Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Paramanik, S., and Sarker, K. (2020). A Harmonic Optimization Approach of 500 KVA HOG Converter. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 10(4), 17-24. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.10.4.18050

Abstract

References

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Certain Investigation of Multi Band Flexible Patch Antenna for Bio-Medical Applications

V. Rajinikanth*

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Adhi College of Engineering and Technology, Kanchipuram, Tamilnadu, India.

Rajinikanth, V. (2020). Certain Investigation of Multi Band Flexible Patch Antenna for Bio-Medical Applications. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 10(4), 25-30. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.10.4.18199

Abstract

References

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A Survey on Fault Finding Soft Computing Techniques in Antenna Array

Sunita Rani* , Jagtar Singh **

*-** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Yadavindra College of Engineering, Talwandi Sabo, Punjab, India.

Rani, S., and Singh, J. (2020). A Survey on Fault Finding Soft Computing Techniques in Antenna Array. i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering, 10(4), 31-36. https://doi.org/10.26634/jele.10.4.18125

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R. Dhananjeyan* , Prashanth R. , Rajnaninan T. *, Pournami Kenoth ****

* Department of Customer Support-Railway Engineering, Autometers Alliance Limited, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

** Department of Electrical Engineering, Budge Budge Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.