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i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering (JELE)

Current Issue Vol. 15 Issue 1

Most Cited

Volume 15 Issue 1 October - December 2024

Research Paper

Dual Frequency Circular Shaped Two Port MIMO Antenna

Sukla Basu*

Kalyani Government Engineering College, West Bengal, India.

Basu, S. (2024). Dual Frequency Circular Shaped Two Port MIMO Antenna. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 15(1), 1-8.

Abstract

A small-sized, circular-shaped Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna is investigated in this study. This antenna is suitable for wireless applications at 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz. The MIMO antenna comprises two identical, back-to-back slotted circular patch antennas with a common ground plane. The radiation direction of each antenna is oriented at 180° relative to its counterpart, providing good isolation between them. The novelty of this two-port MIMO antenna lies in its compact size of only 0.001λ₀³(where λ₀ corresponds to the free space wavelength at 2.4 GHz) along with its dual-band operating capability. Important parameter values of this MIMO antenna are analyzed using electromagnetic analysis software. Directivity values of 5.5 dBi (at 2.4 GHz) and 6.7 dBi (at 5 GHz), as well as reasonable bandwidths of 50 MHz (at 2.4 GHz) and 160 MHz (at 5 GHz), are obtained for this antenna. Envelope Correlation Coefficients (ECC) of 0.01 at 2.4 GHz and 0.003 at 5 GHz, along with a nearly 10 dB Diversity Gain (DG), are achieved at both frequencies for this compact antenna system. The ratio of Mean Effective Gain (MEG) between the two antennas is found to be 0.02 dB at 2.4 GHz and 0.05 dB at 5 GHz. Channel Capacity Loss (CCL) values of 0.16 bits/s/Hz and 0.089 bits/s/Hz are obtained at 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz, respectively. The characteristic parameters of this two-port circular patch antenna system are compared with those of similar antennas reported in recent literature.

References

[1]. Anuvind, R., Joseph, S. D., & Kothari, A. (2015, December). 2× 2 MIMO antenna at 2.4 GHz for WLAN applications. In 2015 International Conference on Microwave, Optical and Communication Engineering (ICMOCE) (pp. 80-83). IEEE.

[2]. Balanis, C. (1997). Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design. John Wiley & Son, New York.

[3]. Basu, S. (2023). A novel shaped four port MIMO antenna for wireless communication. Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences, 12(1), 17-22.

[4]. Bharti, G., Kumar, D., Gautam, A. K., & Sharma, A. (2020). Two-port dual-band circularly polarized dielectric resonator-based MIMO antenna with polarization diversity. Electromagnetics, 40(7), 463-478.

[5]. Dama, Y. A. S., Hussaini, A. S., Abd-Alhameed, R. A., Jones, S. M., McEwan, N. J., Sadeghpour, T., & Rodriguez, J. (2011, December). Envelope correlation formula for (N, N) MIMO antenna array including power losses. In 2011 18th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (pp. 508-511). IEEE.

[6]. Dkiouak, A., Zakriti, A., El Ouahabi, M., & Mchbal, A. (2020). Design of two element Wi-MAX/WLAN MIMO antenna with improved isolation using a short stub-loaded resonator (SSLR). Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 34(9), 1268-1282.

[7]. Dou, Y., Chen, Z., Bai, J., Cai, Q., & Liu, G. (2021). Two port CPW fed dual band MIMO antenna for IEEE 802.11 a/b/g applications. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2021(1), 5572887.

[8]. Huang, J., Dong, G., Cai, Q., Chen, Z., Li, L., & Liu, G. (2021). Dual-band MIMO antenna for 5G/WLAN mobile terminals. Micromachines, 12(5), 489.

[9]. Iqbal, A., Saraereh, O. A., Ahmad, A. W., & Bashir, S. (2017). Mutual coupling reduction using F-shaped stubs in UWB-MIMO antenna. IEEE Access, 6, 2755-2759.

[10]. Jia, Y., Xu, P., & Guo, X. (2022). MIMO system capacity based on different numbers of antennas. Results in Engineering, 15, 100577.

[11]. Malviya, L., Panigrahi, R. K., & Kartikeyan, M. (2016). A 2× 2 dual-band MIMO antenna with polarization diversity for wireless applications. Progress in Electromagnetics Research C, 61, 91-103.

[12]. Nirmal, P. C., Nandgaonkar, A., Nalbalwar, S. L., & Gupta, R. K. (2018). A compact dual band MIMO antenna with improved isolation for Wi-Max and WLAN applications. Progress in Electromagnetics Research M, 68, 69-77.

[13]. Peng, H., Zhi, R., Yang, Q., Cai, J., Wan, Y., & Liu, G. (2021). Design of a MIMO antenna with high gain and enhanced isolation for WLAN applications. Electronics, 10(14), 1659.

[14]. Rahman, N. B. A., Al-Hadi, A. A., & Khan, R. (2019). Study of user effects on two-port MIMO antennas at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz for Wi-Fi and WLAN applications. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 8(1), 343-348.

[15]. Raut, P. W., & Badjate, S. L. (2013). Diversity techniques for wireless communication. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), 4(2), 144-160.

[16]. Yang, Q., Zhang, C., Cai, Q., Loh, T. H., & Liu, G. (2022). A MIMO antenna with high gain and enhanced isolation for WLAN applications. Applied Sciences, 12(5), 2279.

[17]. Yang, R., Xi, S., Cai, Q., Chen, Z., Wang, X., & Liu, G. (2021). A compact planar dual-band multiple-input and multiple-output antenna with high isolation for 5G and 4G applications. Micromachines, 12(5), 544.

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Research Paper

Design and Development of Portable Oxygen Concentrator

Abdullah Irfan Khan* , Fahad Shakeel, Mudassir Hussain Syed*

*-*** Riphah International University, Pakistan.

Khan, A. I., Shakeel, F., and Syed, M. H. (2024). Design and Development of Portable Oxygen Concentrator. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 15(1), 9-13.

Abstract

Pakistan lacks domestic manufacturing of medical devices, and recent inflation alongside rupee devaluation has driven up the prices of imported medical devices. The supply and demand crisis for supplemental oxygen during the COVID-19 pandemic underscored the importance of portable oxygen concentrators, as oxygen is essential for all physiological functions. This initiative applied reverse-engineering to design and develop a prototype portable oxygen concentrator using pressure swing adsorption technology, with integrated sensors and enhanced filters for improved efficiency and effectiveness. The prototype underwent various tests to verify that it met the intended objectives. This effort aimed to initiate local, cost-effective manufacturing of oxygen concentrators in Pakistan, contributing towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 9, Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure.

References

[1]. Ackley, M. W. (2019). Medical oxygen concentrators: A review of progress in air separation technology. Adsorption, 25(8), 1437-1474.

[2]. Akulinin, E., Golubyatnikov, O., Dvoretsky, D., & Dvoretsky, S. (2020). Optimization and analysis of pressure swing adsorption process for oxygen production from air under uncertainty. Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, 26(1), 89-104.

[3]. Pan, M., Omar, H. M., & Rohani, S. (2017). Application of nanosize zeolite molecular sieves for medical oxygen concentration. Nanomaterials, 7(8), 195.

[4]. Sustainable Development. (2022). National Sustainable Development Strategy (NSDS).

[5]. WHO. (2015). Technical Specifications for Oxygen Concentrators: Who Medical Device Technical Series.

[6]. Zhu, X., & Wang, X. (2020). Experimental study of a rotary valve multi-bed rapid cycle pressure swing adsorption process based medical oxygen concentrator. Adsorption, 26(8), 1267-1274.

[7]. Zhu, X., Liu, Y., Yang, X., & Liu, W. (2017). Study of a novel rapid vacuum pressure swing adsorption process with intermediate gas pressurization for producing oxygen. Adsorption, 23, 175-184.

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Research Paper

Design and Simulation of Antenna for Foliage Penetration Application

Shakti Singh Parmar* , P. M. Menghal**

*-** Military College of Electronics and Mechanical Engineering, Secunderabad, Telangana, India.

Parmar, S. S., and Menghal, P. M. (2024). Design and Simulation of Antenna for Foliage Penetration Application. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 15(1), 14-25.

Abstract

The foliage penetration radar system operates in the VHF/UHF range of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing for greater radio frequency penetration compared to microwave frequencies while providing improved range and significant cross-range resolution. The multi-static ground-based foliage penetration radar comprises a transmitting and a receiving antenna. The unidirectional radiating transmitting antenna utilizes a VHF wideband transmitting signal, achieving fine localization accuracy over a larger coverage area while effectively penetrating foliage. However, achieving significant antenna gain or directivity while maintaining an acceptable size at VHF/UHF frequencies presents challenges. This paper focuses on the design and simulation of an antenna tailored for foliage penetration applications, emphasizing the balance between size and directivity.

References

[1]. Bhavsar, N., Tayade, A., Ghodmare, H., Wagdharikar, N. M., Akhter, N., & Raj, A. B. (2022). A comprehensive review on foliage penetration radar systems. International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews (IJERR), 10(4), 28-40.

[2]. Binder, B. T., Toups, M. F., Ayasli, S., & Adams, E. M. (1995, May). SAR foliage penetration phenomenology of tropical rain forest and northern US forest. In Proceedings International Radar Conference (pp. 158-163). IEEE.

[3]. Cai, C., Liu, W., Fu, J. S., & Lu, Y. (2004, April). Doppler frequency extraction of foliage penetration radar based on the Hilbert-Huang transform technology. In Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No. 04CH37509) (pp. 170-174). IEEE.

[4]. Davis, M. E. (2016a, October). Multichannel L-band radar detection of fixed and moving targets in sparse foliage. In 2016 CIE International Conference on Radar (RADAR) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.

[5]. Davis, M. E. (2016b, May). FOPEN radar design for sparse forest surveillance. In 2016 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.

[6]. Devis, M. E. (2011). Foliage Penetration RADAR. Scitech Publication.

[7]. Ferrell, B. (1994, March). Ultrawideband foliage penetration measurements. In Proceedings of 1994 IEEE National Radar Conference (pp. 80-84). IEEE.

[8]. Kapfer, R., & Davis, M. E. (2008, May). Along track interferometry for foliage penetration moving target indication. In 2008 IEEE Radar Conference (pp. 1-6). IEEE.

[9]. Kenney, D., Stroter, D., Staudinger, J., & Cherkansky, E. (2014, October). Design challenges and capability of a ground-based foliage penetration radar. In 2014 International Radar Conference (pp. 1-5). IEEE.

[10]. Lei, P., Huang, X., Fan, C., Ji, K., & Qin, X. (2013, July). Moving human target detection in foliage environments based on Hough transform. In 2013 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium-IGARSS (pp. 2637-2640). IEEE.

[11]. Liang, J., & Liang, Q. (2010). Sense-through-foliage target detection using UWB radar sensor networks. Pattern Recognition Letters, 31(11), 1412-1421.

[12]. Na, Y., Sun, H., Lee, Y. H., Tai, L. C., & Chan, H. L. (2004, October). Performance evaluation of back-projection and range migration algorithms in foliage penetration radar imaging. In 2004 International Conference on Image Processing, 2004. ICIP'04 (pp. 24-27). IEEE.

[13]. Naveena, M., Singh, D. K., & Singh, H. (2017, November). Design of UHF band UWB antenna for foliage penetration application. In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Antenna Innovations & Modern Technologies for Ground, Aircraft and Satellite Applications (iAIM) (pp. 1-3). IEEE.

[14]. Pastore, L., Cantalloube, H., Priou, A., & Dreuillet, P. (2002, October). Evaluation of P-band foliage penetration through polarimetric high resolution SAR imaging with the RAMSES radar. In RADAR 2002 (pp. 516-520). IET.

[15]. Saillant, S., Dorey, P., Lesturgie, M., & Thirion-Lefevre, L. (2014, October). Evaluation of the attenuation in L-band due to the foliage in function of the elevation angle. In 2014 International Radar Conference (pp. 1-4). IEEE.

[16]. Sugak, V. G., Lohvinov, M. Y., & Hlasunov, A. S. (2017, May). Usage of radar signal phase structure entropy for detection of weakly moving ground objects behind foliage of shrubs and trees. In 2017 IEEE First Ukraine Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (UKRCON) (pp. 166-169). IEEE.

[17]. Surgent Jr. L, V. (1974). Foliage Penetratiron Radar: History and Developed Technology. National Techical lnformation Service.

[18]. Villard, L., & Borderies, P. (2007, July). Bistatic foliage penetration modelling. In 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (pp. 4109-4112). IEEE.

[19]. Zhang, J., Jin, T., He, Y., Qiu, L., & Zhou, Z. (2016a, July). Foliage-penetration human tracking by multistatic radar. In 2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) (pp. 6102-6105). IEEE.

[20]. Zhang, J., Jin, T., He, Y., Qiu, L., & Zhou, Z. (2016b, May). Human micro-Doppler signature extraction in the foliage-penetration environment. In 2016 21 s t International Conference on Microwave, Radar and Wireless Communications (MIKON) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.

[21]. Zidouri, A. C., & Muqaibel, A. H. (2018, March). UWB cyclic prefix-based OFDM synthetic aperture radar for foliage penetration. In 2018 15th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD) (pp. 234-239). IEEE.

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Research Paper

Performance Enhancement of Microstrip Patch Antenna with Slots for 5G Communication

Srushti D. C.* , Suchitra C., Nisha T. J., Swathi D Gaikwad, Hanumanthappa Magalada

*-***** Deptartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, PES Institute of Technology and Management (PESITM), Shimoga, India.

Srushti, D. C., Suchitra, C., Nisha, T. J., Gaikwad, S. D., and Magalada, H. (2024). Performance Enhancement of Microstrip Patch Antenna with Slots for 5G Communication. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 15(1), 26-34.

Abstract

The demand for high-performance antennas tailored for 5G applications has stimulated research into novel designs and optimization techniques. This study focuses on the design, development, and optimization of microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) integrated with slots to enhance their performance in 5G communication systems. Various slot configurations, including rectangular and T-shaped slots, are incorporated into the ground plane of the patch antennas to investigate their impact on antenna characteristics such as gain, bandwidth, and radiation pattern. Simulation results demonstrate that the introduction of slots effectively increases the antenna's effective aperture, modifies current distribution, and enhances radiation efficiency. Furthermore, the strategic placement of slots improves antenna directivity and suppresses surface waves, leading to a notable improvement in antenna gain. Experimental validation corroborates the simulation findings, showcasing the practical feasibility and efficiency of the proposed slot-integrated antenna designs. Overall, this research contributes to the advancement of antenna technology tailored for the evolving requirements of 5G communication systems.

References

[1]. Das, S. K. (2017). UE RF components and system design. Wiley Telecom (pp. 230-291).

[2]. Edara, B. L. T., Aishwarya, T. G. N., Manisha, K., Pandey, S. D., & Saida, A. (2023). Design of a combined horizontal and U slot patch antenna with reduced cross-polarization and increased sustainability. In E3S Web of Conferences, 430, 01015. EDP Sciences.

[3]. Ghosh, A., & Basu, B. (2019). Triangular slotted ground plane: a key to realizing high-gain, cross-polarization-free microstrip antenna with improved bandwidth. Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, 27(3), 1559-1570.

[4]. Kashyap, P. A., Sarmah, K., Dakua, I., & Baruah, S. (2023). Gain and bandwidth enhancement of slotted microstrip antenna using metallic nanofilms for WLAN applications. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 35(1), 102374.

[5]. Khouyaoui, I., Foshi, J., & Hamdaoui, M. (2023). Analyzing the influence of a superstrate and slot on a circular patch antenna operating at 2.4 GHz resonance frequency. In E3S Web of Conferences, 469, 00077. EDP Sciences.

[6]. Mahmoud, N., & Hamad, E. K. (2016, February). Tri-band microstrip antenna with L-shaped slots for Bluetooth/WLAN/WiMAX applications. In 2016 33rd National Radio Science Conference (NRSC) (pp. 73-80). IEEE.

[7]. Nahas, M. (2022). Design of a high-gain dual-band LI-slotted microstrip patch antenna for 5G mobile communication systems. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 15(4), 100483.

[8]. Tarpara, N. M., Rathwa, R. R., & Kotak, N. A. (2018). Design of slotted microstrip patch antenna for 5G application. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 5(4), 2827-2832.

[9]. Tranquilla, J. M., & Colpitts, B. G. (1989). GPS antenna design characteristics for high-precision applications. Journal of Surveying Engineering, 115(1), 2-14.

[10]. Ur-Rehman, M., & Haxha, S. (2015, July). Design of a slotted-patch microstrip antenna for mobile terminals. In 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting (pp. 1716-1717). IEEE.

[11]. Wong, K. L., Chang, H. J., Wang, C. Y., & Wang, S. Y. (2019). Very-low-profile grounded coplanar waveguide-fed dual-band WLAN slot antenna for on-body antenna application. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 19(1), 213-217.

[12]. Zohur, A., Mopidevi, H., Rodrigo, D., Unlu, M., Jofre, L., & Cetiner, B. A. (2013). RF MEMS reconfigurable two-band antenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 12, 72-75.

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Research Paper

Ergonomic Wheelchair - Stretcher for Enhanced Patient Mobility

Divya Jenifar P.* , Kavi Sri S., Manimaran P., Shamili M., Sowbarnicka M.

*-***** Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Jenifar, P. D., Sri, S. K., Manimaran, P., Shamili, M., and Sowbarnicka, M. (2024). Ergonomic Wheelchair - Stretcher for Enhanced Patient Mobility. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 15(1), 35-41.

Abstract

This study addresses the challenges faced by individuals with physical disabilities in manually operating wheelchairs. To enhance mobility and ease of use, a mechanism combining the functionalities of a stretcher and a wheelchair has been developed. The wheelchair-to-stretcher conversion utilizes a straightforward mechanical mechanism with a focus on ergonomic design and adherence to safety standards. The system is managed by an Arduino microcontroller, which connects to an ultrasonic sensor for obstacle detection and transmits data to a mobile application through an Internet of Things (IoT) module (Node MCU). This dual-purpose design facilitates medical personnel in seamlessly transferring patients from chairs to beds, with the adjustable height feature allowing the chair to function effectively as a stretcher.

References

[1]. Bourhis, G., & Agostini, Y. (1998). Man-machine cooperation for the control of an intelligent powered wheelchair. Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems, 22, 269-287.

[2]. Cui, J., Cui, L., Huang, Z., Li, X., & Han, F. (2022). IoT wheelchair control system based on multi-mode sensing and human-machine interaction. Micromachines, 13(7), 1108.

[3]. Ding, D., & Cooper, R. A. (2005). Electric powered wheelchairs. IEEE Control Systems Magazine, 25(2), 22-34.

[4]. Kulkarni, S. B., Thakare, A. J., Tamann, S. H., Roman, G. S., & Karankoti, S. V. (2016). Design and fabrication of wheelchair-to-bed system using fluid power. International Journal for Science and Advance Research in Technology (IJSART), 2, 13-18.

[5]. Megalingam, R. K., Rangan, V., Krishnan, S., & Alinkeezhil, A. B. E. (2016). IR sensor-based gesture control wheelchair for stroke and SCI patients. IEEE Sensors Journal, 16(17), 6755-6765.

[6]. Pajkanović, A., & Dokić, B. (2013). Wheelchair control by head motion. Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering (SJEE), 10(1), 135-151.

[7]. Razak, S. (2013). Design and implementation electrical wheel chair for disable able to stairs climbing by using hydraulic jack. IOSR Journal, 7(3), 82-92.

[8]. Shah, Y., Patel, N., Patel, N., Patel, S., & Surani, P. (2021). Design and fabrication of wheelchair CUM stretcher. The International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), 10, 210-214.

[9]. Simpson, R., LoPresti, E., Hayashi, S., Nourbakhsh, I., & Miller, D. (2004). The smart wheelchair component system. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development, 41 (38), 429-442.

[10]. Srinivas, N., & Spurthy, K. (2015). Improve the performance of smart wheelchair for multipurpose applications based on ARM7. International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR), 4 (22), 4208-4215.

[11]. Zhang, Z., Liu, X. M., Yin, J. L., Fan, H. H., & Dou, Z. H. (2021). Design of intelligent wheelchair safety monitoring system based on ARM. Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology, 40, 138-143.

i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering (JELE)

Current Issue Vol. 15 Issue 1

Most Read

Most Cited

Volume 15 Issue 1 October - December 2024

Dual Frequency Circular Shaped Two Port MIMO Antenna

Sukla Basu*

Kalyani Government Engineering College, West Bengal, India.

Basu, S. (2024). Dual Frequency Circular Shaped Two Port MIMO Antenna. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 15(1), 1-8.

Abstract

References

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Design and Development of Portable Oxygen Concentrator

Abdullah Irfan Khan* , Fahad Shakeel**, Mudassir Hussain Syed***

*-*** Riphah International University, Pakistan.

Khan, A. I., Shakeel, F., and Syed, M. H. (2024). Design and Development of Portable Oxygen Concentrator. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 15(1), 9-13.

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Design and Simulation of Antenna for Foliage Penetration Application

Shakti Singh Parmar* , P. M. Menghal**

*-** Military College of Electronics and Mechanical Engineering, Secunderabad, Telangana, India.

Parmar, S. S., and Menghal, P. M. (2024). Design and Simulation of Antenna for Foliage Penetration Application. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 15(1), 14-25.

Abstract

References

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Performance Enhancement of Microstrip Patch Antenna with Slots for 5G Communication

Srushti D. C.* , Suchitra C.**, Nisha T. J.***, Swathi D Gaikwad****, Hanumanthappa Magalada*****

*-***** Deptartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, PES Institute of Technology and Management (PESITM), Shimoga, India.

Srushti, D. C., Suchitra, C., Nisha, T. J., Gaikwad, S. D., and Magalada, H. (2024). Performance Enhancement of Microstrip Patch Antenna with Slots for 5G Communication. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 15(1), 26-34.

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Ergonomic Wheelchair - Stretcher for Enhanced Patient Mobility

Divya Jenifar P.* , Kavi Sri S.**, Manimaran P.***, Shamili M.****, Sowbarnicka M.*****

*-***** Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Jenifar, P. D., Sri, S. K., Manimaran, P., Shamili, M., and Sowbarnicka, M. (2024). Ergonomic Wheelchair - Stretcher for Enhanced Patient Mobility. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering, 15(1), 35-41.

Abstract

References

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Abdullah Irfan Khan* , Fahad Shakeel, Mudassir Hussain Syed*

Srushti D. C.* , Suchitra C., Nisha T. J., Swathi D Gaikwad, Hanumanthappa Magalada

Divya Jenifar P.* , Kavi Sri S., Manimaran P., Shamili M., Sowbarnicka M.