i-manager Publications

i-manager's Journal on Material Science (JMS)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 1

Most Cited

Electrical Properties of Nanocomposite Polymer Gels based on PMMA-DMA/DMC-LiCLO₂ -SiO₂
Comparison Of Composite Proton Conducting Polymer Gel Electrolytes Containing Weak Aromatic Acids
Enhancement in Electrical Properties of PEO Based Nano-Composite Gel Electrolytes
Effect of Donor Number of Plasticizers on Conductivity of Polymer Electrolytes Containing NH₄F
PMMA Based Polymer Gel Electrolyte Containing LiCF₃SO₃

Volume 8 Issue 3 October - December 2020

Research Paper

Fabrication of Lanthanum Strontium Iron Oxide (LSFO) Films From (La,Sr,Fe)-EDTA Solutions with Atmospheric Sintering for Metal-Air Secondary Batteries

Keiji Komatsu* , Mirai Yamamura , Wang Yu *, Keita Abe **, Tsuyoshi Kikuta *, Atsushi Nakamura , Hidetoshi Saitoh ***

-,* Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan.

**** Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan & Chubu Chelest, 3-3-3 Hinagahigashi, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan.

Komatsu, K., Yamamura, M., Yu, W., Abe, K., Kikuta, T., Nakamura, A., and Saitoh, H. (2020). Fabrication of Lanthanum Strontium Iron Oxide (LSFO) Films From (La,Sr,Fe)-EDTA Solutions with Atmospheric Sintering for Metal-Air Secondary Batteries. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 8(3), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.8.3.17472

Abstract

Perovskite-type lanthanum strontium iron oxide (LSFO) films were synthesized on Si substrate with metalethylenediaminetetraacetic (metal-EDTA) complex. The starting material of the metal composition has been La:Sr:Fe=1:3:3, followed by atmospheric sintering at temperatures ranging from 550 °C to 950 °C. The process produced LaSr₃Fe₃O_9.9 owing to the design of the metal-EDTA complex, and also crystals with other LSFO structures. LSFO particles were also prepared on carbon paper by using spraying and roasting processes for use as the air electrode in a metal-air secondary battery. The addition of surfactant to the (La,Sr,Fe)-EDTA solution made it possible to prepare uniformly distributed LSFO particles sized approximately 100 nm on carbon paper. The catalytic effects of the different LSFO films on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) were investigated. Unique solution-based synthesis with compositional accuracy for metal-air secondary battery has been proposed.

References

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[3]. Komatsu, K., Nakamura, A., Kato, A., Ohshio, S., Akasaka, H., & Saitoh, H. (2011). Investigation of temperature dependence on emission properties of Sr-Al- O: Eu2+ phosphor synthesized using elemental diffusion from substrate. Material Science Engineering, 18, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/18/10/102017

[4]. Komatsu, K., Shirai, T., Nakamura, A., Kato, A., Ohshio, S., Nambu, N., ... & Saitoh, H. (2013). Synthesis and luminescence properties of Eu2+ -doped 8-coordinated SrO phosphors. Ceramics International, 39(6), 7115-7118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.02.053

[5]. Komatsu, K., Tsuchida, S., Maruyama, H., Ohshio, S., Akasaka, H., Saitoh, H., & Nakamura, A. (2014). Synthesis of 2+ a violet S r–A l–O: E u phosphor particle using elemental Al diffusion. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 11(3), 594-601. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijac. 12050

[6]. Kraytsberg, A., & Ein-Eli, Y. (2013). The impact of nanoscaled materials on advanced metal–air battery systems. Nano Energy, 2(4), 468-480.

[7]. Li, X., Liu, Z., Song, L., Wang, D., & Zhang, Z. (2018). Three-dimensional graphene network supported ultrathin CeO nanoflakes for oxygen reduction reaction and 2 rechargeable metal-air batteries. Electrochimica Acta, 263, 561-569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017. 10.167

[8]. Lim, C., Kim, C., Gwon, O., Jeong, H. Y., Song, H. K., Ju, Y. W., ... & Kim, G. (2018). Nano-perovskite oxide prepared via inverse microemulsion mediated synthesis for catalyst of lithium-air batteries. Electrochimica Acta, 275, 248-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.04.121

[9]. Lu, H. S., Zhang, H., Zhang, X., Sun, N., Zhu, X., Zhao, H., & Wang, G. (2018). Transformation of carbonencapsulated metallic Co into ultrafine Co/CoO nanoparticles exposed on N-doped graphitic carbon for high-performance rechargeable zinc-air battery. Applied Surface Science, 448, 369-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. apsusc.2018.04.146

[10]. Montini, T., Bevilacqua, M., Fonda, E., Casula, M. F., Lee, S., Tavagnacco, C., ... & Fornasiero, P. (2009). Relationship between electrical behavior and structural characteristics in Sr-doped LaNi0.6 Fe0.4 O3-d mixed oxides Chemistry of Materials. 21. 1768-1774. https://doi.org/10. 1021/cm900467c

[11]. Mizusaki, J. (1992). Nonstoichiometry, diffusion, and electrical properties of perovskite-type oxide electrode materials. Solid State Ionics, 52(1-3), 79-91. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/0167-2738(92)90093-5

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[13]. Nakamura, A., Nambu, N., Kawahara, K., Ohshio, S., & Saitoh, H. (2003). Power of Y2 O3 : Eu red phosphor synthesized from metal-EDTA complexes. Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan, 111(2), 142-146. https://doi. org/10.2109/jcersj.111.142

[14]. Oh, E. O., Whang, C. M., Lee, Y. R., Park, S. Y., Prasad, D. H., Yoon, K. J., ... & Lee, H. W. (2014). Fabrication of thinfilm gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) interdiffusion barrier layers for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (ITSOFCs) by chemical solution deposition (CSD). Ceramics International, 40(6), 8135-8142. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ceramint.2014.01.008

[15]. Qu, L., Liu, Y., Baek, J. B., & Dai, L. (2010). Nitrogendoped graphene as efficient metal-free electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction in fuel cells. ACS Nano, 4(3), 1321-1326.

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[17]. Rossmeisl, J., Logadottir, A., & Nørskov, J. K. (2005). Electrolysis of water on (oxidized) metal surfaces. Chemical Physics, 319(1-3), 178-184.

[18]. Rossmeisl, J., Qu, Z. W., Zhu, H., Kroes, G. J., & Nørskov, J. K. (2007). Electrolysis of water on oxide surfaces. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 607(1-2), 83-89. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.11.008

[19]. Saitoh, H., Kawahara, K. I., Ohshio, S., Nakamura, A., & Nambu, N. (2005). Metal composition of Y2 O3 : Eu powder evaluated using particle analyzer. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 6(2), 205-209. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.stam.2004.11.015

[20]. Takeguchi, T., Yamanaka, T., Takahashi, H., Watanabe, H., Kuroki, T., Nakanishi, H., ... & Matsuda, M. (2013). Layered perovskite oxide: A reversible air electrode for oxygen evolution/reduction in rechargeable metal-air batteries. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 135(30), 11125-11130.

[21]. Tugova, E. A. (2009). A comparative analysis of the formation processes of Ruddlesden-Popper phases in the La2 O3-SrO-M2 O3 (M= Al, Fe) systems. Glass Physics and Chemistry, 35(4), 416-422. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1 087659609040117

[22]. Watanabe, H., Takahashi, H., Takeguchi, T., Yamanaka, T., & Ueda, W. (2010). Performance of solid alkaline fuel cells employing layered perovskite-type oxides as electrolyte. ECS Transactions, 33(1), 1825-1829. https:// doi.org/10.1149/1.3484672

[23]. Xue, Y., Sun, S., Wang, Q., Miao, H., Li, S., & Liu, Z. (2017). La0.7 (Sr0.3–xPdx3) MnO as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in aluminum air battery. Electrochimica Acta, 230, 418-427. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.01.181

[24]. Yuasa, M., Imamura, H., Nishida, M., Kida, T., & Shimanoe, 3 K. (2012). Preparation of nano-LaNiO support electrode for rechargeable metal-air batteries. Electrochemistry Communications, 24, 50-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. elecom.2012.08.015

[25]. Zhang, X., Wang, X. G., Xie, Z., & Zhou, Z. (2016). Recent progress in rechargeable alkali metal–air batteries. Green Energy & Environment, 1(1), 4-17.

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Research Paper

Sink Fabrication from Limestone-Clay Reinforced Polyester Composite

Kashim Isah Bolaji* , Shado Adeniyi Samuel **

* Department of Industrial Design, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

** Department of Glass and Ceramic Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.

Bolaji, K. I., and Samuel, S. A. (2020). Sink Fabrication from Limestone-Clay Reinforced Polyester Composite. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 8(3), 11-21. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.8.3.17088

Abstract

Different materials had been used for sink fabrication in recent years. In this study ceramic filled polyester composite material has been developed by adding micro-fine limestone and clay ceramic particulates with particle size of <134 μm to unsaturated polyester resin with a loading weight of 20% limestone and 30% limestone/clay and fixed amount of catalyst (1% weight). The reaction temperature lies within 95.8 – 150 ^oC. Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) technique has been used to fabricate a prototype sink using wooden and Plaster of Paris (POP) mold with a view to examine surface finish. The prototype sink produced shows durability with smooth surface finish and can be customized to satisfy end user's preference and choice.

References

[1]. Abdalrazaq, I., Soud, W, A., & Abdullah, O. S. (2013). Effects of different types of ceramic fillers on wear characteristics of glass fibres-epoxy composite. Journal of Engineering and Development, 17(6), 1813- 7822.

[2]. Adedamola, R. B. (2014). Compositional studies of okpilla limestone deposits in Southwestern Nigeria (Post graduate dissertation). University of Ibadan, Ibadan.

[3]. Akinbogun, T. L. (2003). Chronicle of the development of ceramic products from monolithic earthenware to hightechnology ceramics. Ashakwu Journal of Ceramics, 1(1), 46-50.

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[5]. Ataiwi, A. H., & Abdul-Hamead, A. A. (2012). Preparing polyester–bentonite clay nano composite and study some of its mechanical properties. Emirates Journal for Engineering Research, 17(1), 57-61.

[6]. Atanda, P. O., & Oluwole, O. O., & Oladeji, T. A. (2012). Electrical porcelain production from selected Kaolin deposits in South Western Nigeria using slip casting. International Journal of Materials and Chemistry, 2(3), 86- 89. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijmc.20120203.01

[7]. Bartczak, Z., Argon, A. S., Cohen, R. E., & Weinberg, M. (1999). Toughness mechanism in semi-crystalline polymer blends: II. High-density polyethylene toughened with calcium carbonate filler particles. Polymer, 40(9), 2347-2365.

[8]. Chew, K. W., & Tan, K. W. (2011). The effects of ceramic fillers on PMMA-based polymer electrolyte salted with lithium triflate, LiCF3 SO3. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 6(11), 5792-801.

[9]. Fadugba, O. G., Oluyemi-Ayibiowu, B. D., Owolabi, T. A., & Olowoselu, A. S. (2015). Strength characteristics of lateritic soils stabilized with locally manufactured and imported hydrated lime. Academia Arena, 7(10), 4-15.

[10]. Gao, F. (2004). Clay/polymer composites: The story. Materials Today, 7(11), 50-55.

[11]. Gao, Y., Liu, L., & Zhang, Z. (2009). Mechanical performance of nano-CaCO3 filled polystyrene composites. Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, 22(6), 555-562. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0894-9166(09)60386-4

[12]. Gonzalez, J., Albano, C., Ichazo, M., & DÍaz, B. (2002). Effects of coupling agents on mechanical and morphological behavior of the PP/HDPE blend with two different CaCO . European Polymer Journal, 38(12), 2465- 3 2475.

[13]. Hanna, W. A., Gharib, F. E., & Marhoon, I. I. (2011). Characterization of ceramic filled polymer matrix composite used for biomedical applications. Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 10(12), 1167-1178.

[14]. Ishida, H. (1979). Introduction to polymer composite processing. Polymer Science, 17(10), 1-16.

[15]. Kiruthika, A., Sounthari, E., Parameswari, K., & Chitra, S. (2014). Polyester clay composite: Preparation and characterization. Research and Reviews: Journal of Chemistry, 3(3), 1-6.

[16]. Latinwo, G. K., Aribike, D. S., Oyekunle, L. O., Susu, A. A., & Kareem, S. A. (2010). Effects of calcium carbonate of different compositions and particle size distributions on the mechanical properties of flexible polyurethane foam. Nature and Science, 8(9), 92-101.

[17]. Liang, J. Z. (2007). Flow and mechanical properties of polypropylene-low density polyethylene blends. Journal of Material Processing Technology, 66, 158-164,

[18]. Ma, C. G., Mai, Y. L., Rong, M. Z., Ruan, W. H., & Zhang, M. Q. (2007). Phase structure and mechanical properties of ternary polypropylene/elastomer/nano- CaCO3 composites. Composites Science and Technology, 67(14), 2997-3005.

[19]. Mishra, S., Tripathy, S. S., Misra, M., Mohanty, A. K., & Nayak, S. K. (2002). Novel eco-friendly biocomposites: Biofiber reinforced biodegradable polyester amide composites-fabrication and properties evaluation. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 21(1), 55- 70. https://doi.org/10.1106%2F073168402024282

[20]. Najera, R. C. (2008). Potential of maize-lime pozzolana composite to develop low cost housing components. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Non-Conventional Materials and Technologies (NOCMAT).

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[22]. Sarojini, S. (2013). Synthesis and characterization of graphene based unsaturated polyester resin composites. Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials, 14, 53- 58.

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[24]. Tanaka, K. (1986). Effects of various fillers on the friction and wear of PTFE-based composites. In Composite Materials Series (Vol. 1, pp. 137-174). Elsevier.

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Research Paper

Thermal Energy Storage Device using Paraffin Wax as Phase Change Material

Omkar Rajendra Paygude*

Master of Engineering and International Business, SRH Berlin University of Applied Science, Berlin, Germany.

Paygude, O. R. (2020). Thermal Energy Storage Device using Paraffin Wax as Phase Change Material. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 8(3), 22-27. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.8.3.17319

Abstract

The world has lot of energy resources, but the major problem is concerned with its storage. This paper demonstrates the thermal energy storage using phase change material (PCM) which is one of the effective methods. In this paper, a 'two-way heat exchanger system' is designed in which thermal energy is stored and hot water can be utilized during daytime as well as night. The result of charging and discharging process of paraffin wax is observed. Basic working behind this system is to store the latent heat of paraffin wax. This heat can then be extracted to raise the temperature of water. The performance of PCM is compared with two different flow rates. This experimental result shows the feasibility of phase changing material as energy storage media.

References

[1]. Cabeza, L. F., Castell, A., Barreneche, C. D., De Gracia, A., & Fernández, A. I. (2011). Materials used as PCM in thermal energy storage in buildings: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(3), 1675- 1695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.11.018

[2]. Cárdenas, B., & León, N. (2014). Latent heat based high temperature solar thermal energy storage for power generation. Energy Procedia, 57, 580-589. https:doi.org/ 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.10.212

[3]. Engineerings Edge, (n.d.). Thermal properties of metal, conductivity, thermal expansion, specific heat. Retrieved from https://www.engineersedge.com/properties_of_ metals.html

[4]. Khare, S., Dell'Amico, M., Knight, C., & McGarry, S. (2012). Selection of materials for high temperature latent heat energy storage. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 107, 20-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2012.07.020

[5]. Medved’, D., Kvakovský, M., & Sklenárová, V. (2010). Latent heat storage systems. Intensive Programme “Renewable Energy Sources”, pp.1-4. Retrieved from http://home.zcu. cz/~tesarova/IP/Proceedings/Proc_2010/Files/001%20IP2 010_Medved.pdf

[6]. Murray, R., Desgrosseilliers, L., Stewart, J., Osbourne, N., Marin, G., Safatli, A., ... & White, M. A. (2011). Design of a latent heat energy storage system coupled with a domestic hot water solar thermal system. In World Renewable Energy Congress. https://doi.org/10.3384/ecp 110573757

[7]. Padmaraju, S. A. V., Viginesh, M., & Nallusamy, N. (2008). Comparitive study of sensible and latent heat storage systems integrated with solar water heating unit. The Renewable Energy & Power Quality Journal, 1(6), 55- 60. https://doi.org/10.24084/repqj06.218

[8]. Riebeek, H. (2010). Global Warming. NASA Earth Observatory. Retrieved from https://earthobservatory. nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming

[9]. Sarbu, I., & Sebarchievici, C. (2018). A comprehensive review of thermal energy storage. Sustainability, 10(1), 191- 223. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010191

[10]. Sharma, S. D., & Sagara, K. (2005). Latent heat storage materials and systems: A review. International Journal of Green Energy, 2(1), 1-56.

[11]. Sundaram, P., Kumar, S., & Tiwari, R. K. (2015). Experimental performance of solar water system integrated with latent thermal energy storage. In Proceedings of the India International Science Festival- Young Scientists' Meet Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.

[12]. Thakare, K. A., & Bhave, A. G. (2015). Review on latent heat storage and problems associated with phase change materials. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 4(10), 176-182.

[13]. Thirugnanam, C., & Marimuthu, P. (2013). Experimental analysis of latent heat thermal energy storage using paraffin wax as phase change material. International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT), 3(2), 372−376.

[14]. Vaivudh, S., Rakwichian, W., Chindaruksa, S., & Sriprang, N. (2006). Heat transfer of charging and discharging experiment of high thermal energy storage system by thermal oil as Heat transfer fluid. Journal of Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Technology, 1(2), 15-22.

[15]. Vakhshouri, A. R. (2019).Paraffin as Phase Change Material. In Paraffin-an Overview. IntechOpen. Retrieved https://www.intechopen.com/books/paraffin-an-overview/ paraffin-as-phase-change-material

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Research Paper

Analysis of Leaching Rate of Heavy Metals from Fly Ash at Varying Leachant pH & Cumulative Liquid to Solid Ratios

Tobby Michael Agwe * , S. N. Sharma , Govind Pandey *

* Department of Civil Engineering, Kabale University, Uganda.

Department of Civil Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur (U. P.), India.

* Central Soil and Materials Research Station, Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation, New Delhi, India.

Agwe, T. M., Sharma, S. N., and Pandey, G. (2020). Analysis of Leaching Rate of Heavy Metals from Fly Ash at Varying Leachant pH & Cumulative Liquid to Solid Ratios. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 8(3), 28-35. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.8.3.17320

Abstract

Fly ash (FA) is a particulate matter consisting of finely divided, non-combustible particles obtained from the flue gases arising from combustion of coal, accounts for over 80% of the total ash produced during coal combustion. In 2018 alone, about 780 million tons of FA has been generated globally, of which voluminous quantity remained unutilized, hence dumped into the environment. This continued disposal of FA into the environment makes the heavy metals contained therein to move out in the leachate generated, polluting the soil, surface and ground water sources among others. In this study, 5 sets of leaching test columns were packed with an equal quantity of air dried fly ash samples and each of them leached with leachant of pH 5.87, 6.08, 6.41, 6.46 and 7.01 and eluate from each column collected at cumulative liquid to solid (L/S) ratios in l/kg of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0. Analysis of the eluate for Copper (Cu), Selenium (Se), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr) and Arsenic (As), revealed that the concentrations of Se at Selenium L/S of 0.1 for leachant pH of 5.87, 6.41 and 7.01, exceeded the allowable limits for non-hazardous wastes disposal into the landfills.

References

[1]. American Public Health Association. (2017). Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water (23rd ed.) (Standard No. APHA 3120-B). American Public Health Association, Washington DC.

[2]. Bureau of Indian Standard. (2005). Indian standard methods of sampling fly ash (Standard No. IS 6491). Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

[3]. Bureau of Indian Standard. (2012). Drinking Water Specification (Standard No. IS 10500). Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

[4]. Choi, S. K., Lee, S., Song, Y. K., & Moon, H. S. (2002). Leaching characteristics of selected Korean fly ashes and its implications for the groundwater composition near the ash disposal mound. Fuel, 81(8), 1083-1090. https://doi. org/10.1016/S00162361(02)00006-6

[5]. EUR - Lex (2002). Council Decision. Retrieved from https://eurlex.europa.eu/legalcontent/GA/TXT/?uri=celex:3 2003D0033

[6]. European Committee for Standardization. (2004) Technical specification of Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour tests - Up-flow percolation test (Standard No. CEN 14405). European Committee of Standardization, Brussels.

[7]. Gong, X., Wu, T., Qiao, Y., & Xu, M. (2010). In situ leaching of trace elements in a coal ash dump and time dependence laboratory evaluation. Energy & Fuels, 24(1), 84-90. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef9005115

[8]. Grathwohl, P. (2014). On equilibration of pore water in column leaching tests. Waste Management, 34(5), 908- 918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2014.02.012

[9]. International Organization for Standardization. (2005). General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (Standard No. ISO 17025). International Organization for Standardization, Geneva.

[10]. Kim, A. G. (2005). Leaching methods applied to the characterization of coal utilization by-products. In Regulation, Risk, and Reclamation With Coal Combustion By-Products at Mines: A Technical Interactive Forum (p. 89-96).

[11]. Leiva, C., Rodriguez-Galan, M., Arenas, C., Alonso- Farinas, B., & Peceno, B. (2018). A mechanical, leaching and radiological assessment of fired bricks with a high content of fly ash. Ceramics International, 44(11), 13313- 13319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.04.162

[12]. Lokeshappa, B., & Dikshit, A. K. (2012). Fate of metals in coal fly ash ponds. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 3(1), 39-43. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.apcbee.2012.03.007

[13]. Peavy, H. S., Rowe, D. R., & Tchobanoglous, G. (2017). Environmental Engineering. McGraw Hill Publishers.

[14]. Praharaj, T., Powell, M. A., Hart, B. R., & Tripathy, S. (2002). Leachability of elements from sub-bituminous coal fly ash from India. Environment International, 27(8), 609-615.

[15]. Tiwari, M. K., Bajpai, S., Dewangan, U. K., & Tamrakar, R. K. (2015). Suitability of leaching test methods for fly ash and slag: A review. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 8(4), 523-537. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.jrras.2015.06.003

[16]. Tripathy, A. K., Behera, B., Aishvarya, V., Sheik, A. R., Dash, B., Sarangi, C. K., ... & Bhattacharya, I. N. (2019). Sodium fluoride assisted acid leaching of coal fly ash for the extraction of alumina. Minerals Engineering, 131, 140- 145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2018.10.019

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Research Paper

Elastic Analysis of Functionally Graded Rotating Annular Disk with Varying Properties using ANSYS

Aviral Kumar Jain * , Santosh Kumar Mishra **

*-** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bhilai Institute of Technology Durg, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India.

Jain, A. K., and Mishra, S. K. (2020). Elastic Analysis of Functionally Graded Rotating Annular Disk with Varying Properties using ANSYS. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 8(3), 36-46. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.8.3.17456

Abstract

Functionally graded materials or functionally gradient materials (FGM) are characterized as an anisotropic material whose physical properties varies continuously because the dimensions vary randomly or strategically to realize the specified characteristics. The general properties of the functionally gradient material are different from the properties of any of the individual parent materials which forms it. In this case aluminium and ceramic material FGM is considered, as ceramic materials displays better wear, corrosion and temperature resistance. Material modelling, geometric modelling and finite element modelling are completed for the disc subjected to inertia force because of the rotation of the disk, and thermal load. Then the numerical problem is solved using the finite element software ANSYS 18.1. A functionally graded annular disc is analyzed for different profiles like convex, concave, linearly varying and uniform with different angular velocity, and ceramic material considering exponentially varying material properties.

References

[1]. Afsar, A. M., & Go, J. (2010). Finite element analysis of thermoelastic field in a rotating FGM circular disk. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 34(11), 3309-3320.

[2]. Ali, A., Bayat, M., Sahari, B. B., Saleem, M., & Zaroog, O. S. (2012). The effect of ceramic in combinations of two sigmoid functionally graded rotating disks with variable thickness. Scientific Research and Essays, 7(25), 2174- 2188. https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE11.619

[3]. Asemi, K., Salehi, M., & Akhlaghi, M. (2014). Postbuckling analysis of FGM annular sector plates based on three dimensional elasticity graded finite elements. International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, 67, 164- 177.

[4]. Bayat, M., Sahari, B. B., Saleem, M., Dezvareh, E., & Mohazzab, A. H. (2011). Analysis of functionally graded rotating disks with parabolic concave thickness applying an exponential function and the Mori-Tanaka scheme. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 17). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-89 9X/17/1/012005

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Research Paper

Determination of Input Set through Multi-Objective Optimization of PMEDM Output Parameters using Modified Topsis

B. S. V. Ramarao*

*Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pragati Engineering College (A), Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Ramarao, B. S. V. (2020). Determination of Input Set through Multi-Objective Optimization of PMEDM Output Parameters using Modified Topsis. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 8(3), 47-54. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.8.3.17672

Abstract

Input parameters identification and selection along with its range is an important task to proceed with the major experimentation in research work, especially when working with some specific methods in DOE (Design of Experiment). Few parameters have to be considered with fixed values and as variables based on the limitations or ranges of the input parameter values in non-conventional machining process. Selection of the range of values is the immediate task after selecting input parameters. There should be one procedure or evidence for selecting the better range of values in the set along with the help of literature. In this research paper, the selection of range of values of 'Pulse ON Time' is discussed. Out of the four proposed input parameters to be used in the main experimentation, three were assumed as fixed and seventeen experiments were conducted to determine the range for the fourth parameter. For different values of input parameters, MRR and SR were found. Modified TOPSIS has been applied on these observations, and then from the results, better values of T_on were found out to complete set of values which are to be utilized in DOE.

References

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Volume 8 Issue 3 October - December 2020

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Keiji Komatsu* , Mirai Yamamura **, Wang Yu ***, Keita Abe ****, Tsuyoshi Kikuta *****, Atsushi Nakamura ******, Hidetoshi Saitoh *******

*-*****,******* Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan. ****** Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan & Chubu Chelest, 3-3-3 Hinagahigashi, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan.

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Sink Fabrication from Limestone-Clay Reinforced Polyester Composite

Kashim Isah Bolaji* , Shado Adeniyi Samuel **

* Department of Industrial Design, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. ** Department of Glass and Ceramic Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.

Bolaji, K. I., and Samuel, S. A. (2020). Sink Fabrication from Limestone-Clay Reinforced Polyester Composite. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 8(3), 11-21. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.8.3.17088

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Thermal Energy Storage Device using Paraffin Wax as Phase Change Material

Omkar Rajendra Paygude*

Master of Engineering and International Business, SRH Berlin University of Applied Science, Berlin, Germany.

Paygude, O. R. (2020). Thermal Energy Storage Device using Paraffin Wax as Phase Change Material. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 8(3), 22-27. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.8.3.17319

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Analysis of Leaching Rate of Heavy Metals from Fly Ash at Varying Leachant pH & Cumulative Liquid to Solid Ratios

Tobby Michael Agwe * , S. N. Sharma **, Govind Pandey ***

Agwe, T. M., Sharma, S. N., and Pandey, G. (2020). Analysis of Leaching Rate of Heavy Metals from Fly Ash at Varying Leachant pH & Cumulative Liquid to Solid Ratios. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 8(3), 28-35. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.8.3.17320

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Elastic Analysis of Functionally Graded Rotating Annular Disk with Varying Properties using ANSYS

Aviral Kumar Jain * , Santosh Kumar Mishra **

*-** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bhilai Institute of Technology Durg, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India.

Jain, A. K., and Mishra, S. K. (2020). Elastic Analysis of Functionally Graded Rotating Annular Disk with Varying Properties using ANSYS. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 8(3), 36-46. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.8.3.17456

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Determination of Input Set through Multi-Objective Optimization of PMEDM Output Parameters using Modified Topsis

B. S. V. Ramarao*

*Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pragati Engineering College (A), Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Ramarao, B. S. V. (2020). Determination of Input Set through Multi-Objective Optimization of PMEDM Output Parameters using Modified Topsis. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 8(3), 47-54. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.8.3.17672

Abstract

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Keiji Komatsu* , Mirai Yamamura , Wang Yu *, Keita Abe **, Tsuyoshi Kikuta *, Atsushi Nakamura , Hidetoshi Saitoh ***

-,* Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan.

**** Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan & Chubu Chelest, 3-3-3 Hinagahigashi, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan.

* Department of Industrial Design, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

** Department of Glass and Ceramic Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.

Tobby Michael Agwe * , S. N. Sharma , Govind Pandey *