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i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering (JEE)

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Design and Analysis of Improved Mountain Gazelle Optimization Tuned PID and FOPID Controllers for PV MPPT System
Performance Analysis of Power System Dynamics with Facts Controllers: Optimal Placement and Impact of SSSC and STATCOM
Empowering Hybrid EVS with Bidirectional DC - DC Converter for Seamless V2G and G2V Integration
Solar Wireless Charging of Battery in Electrical Vehicle
Advancements in Multilevel Inverter Technologies for Photovoltaic-Z-Source Based EV Applications: A Comprehensive Analysis and Future Directions

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Volume 15 Issue 3 January - March 2022

Research Paper

An Approach of Battery Energy Management Systems for DC Micro-Grids Considering Stateflow Controller

Christian Ndeke Bipongo* , Marco Adonis**

* Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa.

Bipongo, C. N., and Adonis, M. (2022). An Approach of Battery Energy Management Systems for DC Micro-Grids Considering Stateflow Controller. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 15(3), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.15.3.18590

Abstract

This paper presents an approach of battery energy management systems for DC micro-grids considering Stateflow controller. In micro-grids, batteries have been the favorite energy storage technology focus on addressing and accelerate United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7 'Affordable and Clean Energy' as well as contributing to the discussion around the long-term mitigation of climate change. However, their improper or non-effective operations can cause over-current, overvoltage or overcharging/discharging and significantly impact on their lifespan and on the micro-grid reliability. Comparatively to Lithium Ion (Li-ion) battery, most of the technologies present some issues, which can impact negatively on the battery lifetime as well as the average of energy stored in the battery. In case of battery bank, the deep discharge or the premature charge of battery can lead to a reduced lifetime of the storage system. The aim of this study was to develop a battery management system algorithm to control the charging/discharging of a battery bank and to keep its state of charge in the admissible limits to avoid the deep charging/discharging of the battery within a DC micro-grid. The objectives of this proposed work were to develop a control system schemes for the DC microgrid and to develop an energy management system using MATLAB/Simulink software. The results of the scenarios of the developed algorithm have shown that this algorithm could be able to ensure the reliability, the resiliency, the robustness and the proper operation of the battery systems in micro-grids. The results have shown that the initial investment cost could comparatively be lower and could decrease the economic analyze in terms of LCOE.

References

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[7]. Dragicevic, T., Guerrero, J. M., Vasquez, J. C., & Skrlec, D. (2014). Supervisory control of an adaptive-droop regulated DC microgrid with battery management capability. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 29(2), 695–706. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2257857

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[10]. Jadav, K. A., Karkar, H. M., & Trivedi, I. N. (2017). A Review of microgrid architectures and control strategy. Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B, 98(6), 591-598. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40031-017-0287-3

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[13]. Mandelli, S., Barbieri, J., Mereu, R., & Colombo, E. (2016). Off-grid systems for rural electrification in developing countries: Definitions, classification and a comprehensive literature review. Renewable and Sustai n able En ergy Reviews, 58, 1621–1646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.338

[14]. Meng, L., Shafiee, Q., Trecate, G. F., Karimi, H., Fulwani, D., Lu, X., & Guerrero, J. M. (2017). Review on Control of DC Microgrids and Multiple Microgrid Clusters. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 5(3), 928–948. https://doi.org/10.1109/ JESTPE.2017.2690219

[15]. Morstyn, T., Hredzak, B., & Agelidis, V. G. (2018). Control strategies for microgrids with distributed energy storage systems: An overview. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 9(4), 3652–3666. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2016.2637958

[16]. Muthuvel, P., Daniel, S. A., & Paul, S. K. (2017). Sizing of PV array in a DC nano-grid for isolated households after alteration in time of consumption. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 20(6), 1632-1641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2017.12.006

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[19]. Olivares, D. E., Mehrizi-Sani, A., Etemadi, A. H., Cañizares, C. A., Iravani, R., Kazerani, M., Hatziargyriou, N. D. (2014). Trends in microgrid control. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 5(4), 1905–1919. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2013.2295514

[20]. Parhizi, S., Lotfi, H., Khodaei, A., & Bahramirad, S. (2015). State of the art in research on microgrids: A review. IEEE Access, 3, 890–925. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2015.2443119

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[23]. Shalini, R., Nagashree, A. N., & Murthy, B. A. (2016). Uninterruptable power supply design using Float Cum Boost technology. In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDES.2016.7914230

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[25]. Wang, C., Yu, Y., Niu, J., Liu, Y., Bridges, D., Liu, X., & Hu, A. (2019). Recent progress of metal–air batteries—a Mini review. Applied Sciences, 9(14), 2787 https://doi.org/10.3390/app9142787

[26]. Yu, S. Y., Kim, H. J., Kim, J. H., & Han, B. M. (2016). SoCbased output voltage control for BESS with a lithium-ion battery in a stand-alone DC microgrid. Energies, 9(11), 924. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9110924

[27]. Zhou, N., Liu, N., Zhang, J., & Lei, J. (2016). Multiobjective optimal sizing for battery storage of PV-based microgrid with demand response. Energies, 9(8), 591. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9080591

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Research Paper

Modeling, Design and Analysis of Direct Space Vector Modulation Technique Based Three-Phase Matrix Converter for Different Loads

Ruksana S. K.*

Vasavi College of Engineering, Telangana, India.

Ruksana, S. (2022). Modeling, Design and Analysis of Direct Space Vector Modulation Technique Based Three-Phase Matrix Converter for Different Loads. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 15(3), 25-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.15.3.18583

Abstract

This paper presents the modeling, design and analysis of Three Phase Matrix Converter (TPMC) using Direct Space Vector Modulation technique for the purpose of generation of gate pulses to the switches of the matrix converter. In this paper TPMC with different loads of resistive, Resistor- Capacitor (RC), Resistor-Inductor (RL) has been analyzed. TPMC converts Alternating Current (AC) input power to AC output power directly without the aid of DC link in between the conversion making the availability of the input power directly at the output without intermediate stage. The proposed TMPC with Space Vector Modulation technique possess several advantages compared with the convention converters & Sine Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique. Any distortion or fluctuation in the input side of the converter can be easily depicted at the output side of the converter directly. The proposed topology has been implemented in the MATLAB/SIMULINK software and the desired results of the converter topology has been verified.

References

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[5]. Durán, M. J., Riveros, J. A., Barrero, F., Guzmán, H., & Prieto, J. (2012). Reduction of common-mode voltage in five-phase induction motor drives using predictive control techniques. IEEE transactions on industry applications, 48(6), 2059-2067. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2012.2226221

[6]. Erdman, J. M., Kerkman, R. J., Schlegel, D. W., & Skibinski, G. L. (1996). Effect of PWM inverters on AC motor bearing currents and shaft voltages. IEEE transactions on Industry Applications, 32(2), 250-259. https://doi.org/10.1109/28.491472

[7]. Hojabri, H., Mokhtari, H., & Chang, L. (2012). Reactive power control of permanent-magnet synchronous wind generator with matrix converter. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 28(2), 575-584. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2012.2229721

[8]. Kolar, J. W., Friedli, T., Rodriguez, J., & Wheeler, P. W. (2011). Review of three-phase PWM AC–AC converter topologies. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 58(11), 4988-5006. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2011.2159353

[9]. Nguyen, H. M., Lee, H. H., & Chun, T. W. (2010). Input power factor compensation algorithms using a new direct-SVM method for matrix converter. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 58(1), 232-243. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2010.2044736

[10]. Nguyen, H. N., & Lee, H. H. (2014, May). A new SVM method to reduce common-mode voltage in direct matrix converter. In 2014 International Power Electronics Conference (IPEC-Hiroshima 2014-ECCE ASIA), 1013-1020. https://doi.org/10.1109/IPEC.2014.6869711

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Research Paper

Analyzing the Effect of Phase Reconfiguration on Unbalanced and Unsymmetrical Distribution System

Raju B. Sreenivasa* , S. Sivanagaraju**

* Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

** Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Sreenivasa, R. B., and Sivanagaraju, S. (2022). Analyzing the Effect of Phase Reconfiguration on Unbalanced and Unsymmetrical Distribution System. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 15(3), 32-43. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.15.3.18567

Abstract

Distribution system planning, operation and control is considered to be one of the challenging tasks to meet the increasing load. Operating distribution system at its maximum limits is not a suggestible solution whereas the economic burden must also be considered. In this regard, new methodologies and procedures are required to be implemented to increase the power transfer capability of existing substation. One of such methodologies is reconfiguration of distribution lines. Further, the reconfiguration of lines is not proper in case of unbalanced and unsymmetrical distribution system where the existence of all phases is not absent. For this type of systems, in order to enhance the system performance, a new methodology based on phase reconfiguration along with phase decoupled load flow solution methodology is presented. In this method, the unbalanced distribution system is separated into self and mutual networks. Using phasor representation, the final voltages are calculated. Using this, the computational burden is decreased and also the accuracy of solution is increased. This method is tested on standard IEEE-13 node system with supporting illustrations.

References

[1]. Azizivahed, A., Narimani, H., Fathi, M., Naderi, E., Safarpour, H. R., & Narimani, M. R. (2018). Multi-objective dynamic distribution feeder reconfiguration in automated distribution systems. Energy, 147, 896-914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.01.111

[2]. Hooshmand, E., & Rabiee, A. (2019). Energy management in distribution systems, considering the impact of reconfiguration, RESs, ESSs and DR: A trade-off between cost and reliability. Renewable Energy, 139, 346-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.02.101

[3]. Imran, A. M., Kowsalya, M., & Kothari, D. P. (2014). A novel integration technique for optimal network reconfiguration and distributed generation placement in power distribution networks. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 63, 461-472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.06.011

[4]. Li, Z., Wang, S., Zhou, Y., Liu, W., & Zheng, X. (2020). Optimal distribution systems operation in the presence of wind power by coordinating network reconfiguration and demand response. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 119, 105911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.105911

[5]. Mahboubi-Moghaddam, E., Narimani, M. R., Khooban, M. H., & Azizivahed, A. (2016). Multi-objective distribution feeder reconfiguration to improve transient stability, and minimize power loss and operation cost using an enhanced evolutionary algorithm at the presence of distributed generations. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 76, 35-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.09.007

[6]. Oh, S. H., Yoon, Y. T., & Kim, S. W. (2020). Online reconfiguration scheme of self-sufficient distribution network based on a reinforcement learning approach. Applied Energy, 280, 115900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115900

[7]. Postigo, F., Mateo, C., Gómez, T., de Cuadra, F., Dueñas, P., Elgindy, T., ... & Krishnan, V. (2020). Phaseselection algorithms to minimize cost and imbalance in US synthetic distribution systems. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 120, 106042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106042

[8]. Quintero-Duran, M., Candelo, J. E., & Soto-Ortiz, J. (2019). A modified backward/forward sweep-based method for reconfiguration of unbalanced distribution networks. International Journal of Electrical & Computer Engineering (2088-8708), 9(1), 85-101. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i1

[9]. Raut, U., & Mishra, S. (2020). An improved sine–cosine algorithm for simultaneous network reconfiguration and DG allocation in power distribution systems. Applied Soft Computing, 92, 106293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106293

[10]. Santos, S. F., Fitiwi, D. Z., Cruz, M. R., Cabrita, C. M., & Catalão, J. P. (2017). Impacts of optimal energy storage deployment and network reconfiguration on renewable integration level in distribution systems. Applied Energy, 185, 44-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.10.053

[11]. Shareef, H., Ibrahim, A. A., Salman, N., Mohamed, A., & Ai, W. L. (2014). Power quality and reliability enhancement in distribution systems via optimum network reconfiguration by using quantum firefly algorithm. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 58, 160-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.01.013

[12]. Sultana, S., & Roy, P. K. (2016). Oppositional krill herd algorithm for optimal location of capacitor with reconfiguration in radial distribution system. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 74, 78-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.07.008

[13]. Sun, R., Liu, Y., Zhu, H., Azizipanah-Abarghooee, R., & Terzija, V. (2019). A network reconfiguration approach for power system restoration based on preference-based multiobjective optimization. Applied Soft Computing, 83, 105656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2019.105656

[14]. Taher, S. A., & Karimi, M. H. (2014). Optimal reconfiguration and DG allocation in balanced and unbalanced distribution systems. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 5(3), 735-749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2014.03.009

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Research Paper

Delay Margin Computation of Load Frequency Control System with Demand Response and Constant Communication Delays

A. Jawahar* , K. Ramakrishanan**

*-** Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry, India.

Jawahar, A., and Ramakrishanan, K. (2022). Delay Margin Computation of Load Frequency Control System with Demand Response and Constant Communication Delays. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 15(3), 44-52. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.15.3.18512

Abstract

The paper aims to present a comprehensive delay-dependent stability analysis technique of a networked single area Load Frequency Control (LFC) systems integrated with demand response. Demand Response (DR) has been an integral part of power system control and operation. The time-delays in LFC schemes are due to the utilization of communication channels for signal transmission among the various sub-systems and control center. The deterioration of the dynamic performance of the system is the most feasible effect of time-delays and at the worst these delays lead to instability. Therefore, the computation of delay margins for a stable operation of the single-area LFC system with DR control is crucial. A less conservative stability criterion using Lyapunov approach is derived in linear matrix inequality framework for determining the stability of closed loop LFC system under study. The stability criterion is tested for different subsets of the controller parameters and participation factors using standard benchmark system. Through extensive simulation results, the analytical results are validated. The time domain simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the analytical results.

References

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Research Paper

Portable Electric Crop Cutter Machine

Srikant Tripathi* , Vasudev Sharma, Vishal Paliwal*, Sandhya Srivastava****

*-**** Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial College of Engineering & Management, Lucknow, India.

Tripathi, S., Sharma, V., Paliwal, V., and Srivastava, S. (2022). Portable Electric Crop Cutter Machine. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 15(3), 53-58. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.15.3.18684

Abstract

This work is about a portable electric crop cutter machine that is made up of a very straightforward mechanism at a very low cost. Harvesting of the crop is one of the essential operations which call for a widespread quantity of labor. The availability and value of labor at some stage in the harvesting season are a severe problem. India is agriculture primarily based country that takes numerous sorts of crops. Nowadays diverse agricultural machines are accessible which are very expensive due to the current, it is not appropriate for poor farmers. To conquer the drawbacks of existing versions like pollution due to the fuel or gasoline and the fuel cost. The use of mechanical harvesting drives has been inflated in recent years. Farmers use reapers to harvest their crops however this means that especially combine; these are exorbitant making them unaffordable to most small-scale farmers. Now we introduced the solar-powered harvesting drive which is a two-wheel-drive the system used batteries to power the harvesting blades' motors and the solar panels are used to charge the batteries, batteries can also be charged from the home supply through the rectifier. This drive targets smallscale farmers who have an expanse of farm area of fewer than 5 acres. This solar-based machine will be beneficial for them. To cut back the expenses of farmers, these designs facilitate the farmer to reduce the production cost or assembly value and overcome the dependency on petroleum product.

References

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Portable Electric Crop Cutter Machine

Srikant Tripathi* , Vasudev Sharma**, Vishal Paliwal***, Sandhya Srivastava****

*-**** Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial College of Engineering & Management, Lucknow, India.

Tripathi, S., Sharma, V., Paliwal, V., and Srivastava, S. (2022). Portable Electric Crop Cutter Machine. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 15(3), 53-58. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.15.3.18684

Abstract

References

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* Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

** Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Srikant Tripathi* , Vasudev Sharma, Vishal Paliwal*, Sandhya Srivastava****