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i-manager's Journal on Material Science (JMS)

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Exploring the Optical and Structural Properties of Chromium (Cr)-Doped Polyaniline
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Efficient Extraction of Diesel Oil from Waste Plastics: A Comprehensive Study
Laser-Based Ultrasonics for Non-Destructive Material Testing: A Practical Guide
Advancements and Applications of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters: A Comprehensive Review

Most Cited

Volume 9 Issue 1 April - June 2021

Research Paper

Experimental and Numerical Research on the Effect of Winding Angles on the Torsional Strength of Glass Fiber Winding Hybrid Aluminium Shaft

Bhupendra Pardhi* , Murlidhar Patel**

* Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India.

** Department of Mechanical Engineering, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing (IIITDM), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Pardhi, B., and Patel , M. (2021). Experimental and Numerical Research on the Effect of Winding Angles on the Torsional Strength of Glass Fiber Winding Hybrid Aluminium Shaft. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 9(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.9.1.18268

Abstract

The present work deals with the torsional behaviour of the glass fiber wounded aluminium shaft. This hybrid composite shaft consists of an aluminium tube wounded with three layers of glass/epoxy. In this paper, experimental as well as numerical evaluation of the maximum torsion strength capacity of the hybrid composite shafts at the different winding angles (30⁰, 45⁰ and 60⁰) are presented. The torsion behaviour has been experimentally analysed for the hybrid composite shafts using an axial torsion machine at room temperature. For finite element analysis (FEA) of the hybrid composite shaft, the CATIA modelling software has been used for designing, and ANSYS software has been used to analyse the torsional behaviour of the designed hybrid composite under static torsion. Good agreements were predicted between the numerical and experimental results. Both numerical and experimental results show that the static torque capacity of the hybrid composite shaft is significantly affected by the winding angle, and the maximum static torsional capacity of the hybrid composite aluminium shaft has been found at a winding angle of 45⁰.

References

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[2]. Bert, C. W., & Kim, C. D. (1995). Analysis of buckling of hollow laminated composite drive shafts. Composites Science and Technology, 53(3), 343–351. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/0266-3538(95)00006-2

[3]. Lee, D. G., Kim, H. S., Kim, J. W., & Kim, J. K. (2004). Design and manufacture of an automotive hybrid aluminum/composite drive shaft. Composite Structures, 63(1), 87-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-8223(03) 00136-3

[4]. Mathis, R. S., & Ferracane, J. L. (1989). Properties of a glass-ionomer/resin-composite hybrid material. Dental Materials, 5(5), 355–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/0109- 5641(89)90130-9

[5]. Mutasher, S. A. (2009). Prediction of the torsional strength of the hybrid aluminum/composite drive shaft. Materials and Design, 30(2), 215–220. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.matdes.2008.05.024

[6]. Patel, M., Kumar, A., Pardhi, B., & Pal, M. (2020a). Abrasive, erosive and corrosive wear in slurry pumps – A review. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7(3), 2188–2195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. future.2018.04.097

[7]. Patel, M., Kumar, A., Sahu, S. K., & Singh, M. K. (2020b). Mechanical behaviors of ceramic particulate reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites–A review. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 7(1), 201-204.

[8]. Patel, M., Pardhi, B., Chopara, S., & Pal, M. (2018). Lightweight composite materials for automotive - A review. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 5(11), 41–47.

[9]. Patel, M., Pardhi, B., Pal, M., & Singh, M. K. (2019a). SiC particulate reinforced aluminium metal matrix composite. Advanced Journal of Graduate Research, 5(1), 8–15. https://doi.org/10.21467/ajgr.5.1.8-15

[10]. Patel, M., Pardhi, B., Sahu, D. P., & Sahu, S. K. (2021). Different techniques used for fabrication of aluminium metal matrix composites. International Journal of Engineering and Techniques, 7(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10. 29126/23951303/IJET-V7I1P1

[11]. Patel, M., Pardhi, B., Sahu, S. K., & Singh, M. K. (2020c). Characterization of brinell hardness, impact toughness and sliding wear resistance properties of Al₅Mg₅Zn/WO₃ -p metal matrix composite. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 7(4), 23-29. https://doi.org/ 10.26634/jms.7.4.16125

[12]. Patel, M., Pardhi, B., Sahu, S. K., Kumar, A., & Singh, M. K. (2019b). Evaluation of hardness, toughness and sliding wear resistance after replacing Zn into SiC in Al₅Mg₅Zn/3 WO₃-p metal matrix composite. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management, 5(03), 106-110.

[13]. Patel, M., Sahu, S. K., & Singh, M. K. (2020d). Abrasive wear behavior of SiC particulate reinforced AA5052 metal matrix composite. Materials Today: Proceedings, 33, 5586–5591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.03.572

[14]. Patel, M., Sahu, S. K., & Singh, M. K. (2020e). Fabrication and investigation of mechanical properties of SiC particulate reinforced AA5052 metal matrix composite. Journal of Modern Materials, 7(1), 26–36. https://doi.org/ 10.21467/jmm.7.1.26-36

[15]. Patel, M., Sahu, S. K., & Singh, M. K. (2020f). Mechanical, tribological and corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloys and particulate reinforced aluminium or aluminium alloy metal matrix composites - A review. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 8(2), 40–55. https://doi.org/10.26634/ jms.8.2.16759

[16]. Patel, M., Sahu, S. K., Singh, M. K., & Kumar, A. (2020g). Sliding wear behavior of particulate reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites. International Journal of Engineering Research in Current Trends, 2(3), 8–13.

[17]. Patel, M., Singh, M. K., & Sahu, S. K. (2020h). Abrasive wear behaviour of sand cast B C particulate reinforced 4 AA5052 metal matrix composite. In B. Deepak, D. Parhi, & P. C. Jena (Eds.), Innovative Product Design and Intelligent Manufacturing Systems, (pp. 359–369). Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2696-1_35

[18]. Shokrieh, M. M., Hasani, A., & Lessard, L. B. (2004). Shear buckling of a composite drive shaft under torsion. Composite Structures, 64(1), 63–69. https://doi.org/10. 1016/S0263-8223(03)00214-93

[19]. Talib, A. A., Ali, A., Badie, M. A., Lah, N. A. C., & Golestaneh, A. F. (2010). Developing a hybrid, carbon/glass fibre-reinforced, epoxy composite automotive drive shaft. Materials and Design, 31(1), 514–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.06.015

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Research Paper

Magnetic and Multiferroic Behaviour of Sm/Zr Substituted Mg-Mn Ferrites

G. Bhanu Praveen * , Pyla Aruna , A. Durga Prasada Rao *

* Chaitanya Engineering College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Department of Engineering Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

* Department of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Praveen, G. B., Aruna, P., and Rao, A. D. P. (2021). Magnetic and Multiferroic Behaviour of Sm/Zr Substituted Mg-Mn Ferrites. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 9(1), 13-22. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.9.1.18308

Abstract

Two series of Sm/Zr substituted Mg-Mn ferrite materials with bulk and nano sizes are developed whose compositions are Mg_0.95Mn_0.05Sm_2xFe_2-2xO₄ and Mg_0.95Mn_0.05+xZr_xFe_2-2xO₄ in which x value varies from 0.0 to 0.5. The saturation magnetization (M_s), coercivity (H_c), retentivity (M_r), remnant ratio ®, magneton number (nB) and Curie temperature values are evaluated with initial permeability. Results are explained based on the exchange interactions of magnetic ions with the existing models. Decrease of particle size has a great impact on physical parameters. Variation of saturation magnetization (M_s) and dielectric constant as a function of temperature are performed to verify the multiferroic nature of the present materials. The final results of Sm³⁺/Zr⁴⁺ (samarium/zirconium) substituted Mg-Mn ferrites indicated that they obey both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic nature and are considered as multiferroic materials.

References

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Research Paper

Tribological Properties of a Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composite Brake Pad

Shado Adeniyi Samuel* , Aliu Ebenezer Tayo , Bilal Abdulrahmon Akanni*

*-** Department of Glass and Ceramic Technology, School of Science and Computer Studies, Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.

Samuel, S. A., Tayo, A. E., and Akanni, B. A. (2021). Tribological Properties of a Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composite Brake Pad. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 9(1), 23-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.9.1.18307

Abstract

The aim of this study is to design and develop a brake pad that is efficient and low cost with varied constituent composition. The materials used include graphite, fiber glass, iron filling, silica, epoxy resin, hardener and calcite. Composite mixtures were molded. Samples of the developed brake pads were examined by measuring their mechanical, physical, and tribological properties such as wear rate, impact, tensile stress, flexural strength, and specific gravity. SEM/EDX techniques were used to analyze some of the mechanical proprieties. The results from the study established that an increase in the amount of binder (epoxy resin) and a decrease in reinforcement leads to an increase in toughness and a low wear rate. Furthermore, a decrease in the quantity of reinforcing fibers gave rise to increase in flexural strength and tensile stress.

References

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Research Paper

Study on Optical and Magnetic Properties of Zno:Ag Nanograins by La and Y Codoping Using Solution Combustion Method

V. Padmavathy* , S. Sankar**

*-** Department of Physics, Madras Institute of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Padmavathy, V., and Sankar, S. (2021). Study on Optical and Magnetic Properties of Zno:Ag Nanograins by La and Y Codoping Using Solution Combustion Method. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 9(1), 32-37. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.9.1.18176

Abstract

Transition and rare earth codoped ZnO semiconductors finds greater importance in advanced functional materials due to their unique and versatile properties. La and Y codoped ZnO:Ag nanograins were synthesized using solution combustion method. The synthesized ZnO:Ag nanograins were annealed for 5 hours at 1100 °C. The structural, morphological, optical and magnetic properties have been investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis showed high intense diffraction peaks patterns which represent the high crystalline quality of synthesized nanograins and the emergence of face centered cubic phase of metallic Ag at (1 0 1) preferred orientation for silver doped ZnO samples. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) visualized the surface morphology of the title nanograins. The optical properties of the synthesized nanograins are studied and the presence of atomic vibrational modes of bonded molecules has been confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectral analysis. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) studies are performed to analyse the magnetic behaviour of the nanograins. Room temperature magnetization measurements of the rare earth codoped ZnO:Ag samples featured a weak hysteresis loops in M-H curve and a well ordered paramagnetic structure for silver doped samples. The squareness ratio has been estimated from M-H loop to check the quality of the prepared ZnO samples. The study revealed that the transition and rare earth codoped ZnO nanograins are promising material suitable for opto-electronic quenching devices.

References

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[2]. Ammar, S., Helfen, A., Jouini, N., Fievet, F., Rosenman, I., Villain, F., ... Danot, M. (2001). Magnetic properties of ultrafine cobalt ferrite particles synthesized by hydrolysis in a polyol medium basis. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 11(1), 186-192.

[3]. Atribak, I., Bueno-López, A., & García-García, A. (2009). Role of yttrium loading in the physico-chemical properties and soot combustion activity of ceria and ceria–zirconia catalysts. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 300(1-2), 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. molcata.2008.10.043

[4]. Cho, J. M., Song, J. K., & Park, S. M. (2009). Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles grown by laser ablation of a Zn target in neat water. Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 30(7), 1616-1618. https://doi.org/10. 5012/bkcs.2009.30.7.1616

[5]. Djurišić, A. B., Choy, W. C., Roy, V. A. L., Leung, Y. H., Kwong, C. Y., Cheah, K. W., ..., & Surya, C. (2004). Photoluminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance of ZnO tetrapod structures. Advanced Functional Materials, 14(9), 856-864. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200305082

[6]. Eskandari, M., Ahmadi, V., & Ghahary, R. (2015). Copper sulfide/lead sulfide as a highly catalytic counter electrode for zinc oxide nanorod based quantum dot solar cells. Electrochimica Acta, 151, 393-398. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.11.037

[7]. Ghanem, A. F., Badawy, A. A., Mohram, M. E., & Rehim, M. H. A. (2020). Synergistic effect of zinc oxide nanorods on the photocatalytic performance and the biological activity of graphene nano sheets. Heliyon, 6(2). https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03283

[8]. Ghosh, A., Kumari, N., Tewari, S., & Bhattacharjee, A. (2013). Structural and optical properties of pure and Al doped ZnO nanocrystals. Indian Journal of Physics, 87(11), 1099-1104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-013-0346-9

[9]. Hosseini, Z. S., & Mortezaali, A. (2015). Room temperature H S gas sensor based on rather aligned ZnO2 nanorods with flower-like structures. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 207, 865-871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb. 2014.10.085

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[11]. Jia, T., Wang, W., Long, F., Fu, Z., Wang, H., & Zhang, Q. (2009). Fabrication, characterization and photocatalytic activity of La-doped ZnO nanowires. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 484(1-2), 410-415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jallcom.2009.04.153

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[13]. Mozaffari, M., Manouchehri, S., Yousefi, M. H., & Amighian, J. (2010). The effect of solution temperature on crystallite size and magnetic properties of Zn substituted Co ferrite nanoparticles. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 322(4), 383-388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jmmm.2009.09.051

[14]. Nagasundari, S. M., Muthu, K., Kaviyarasu, K., Al Farraj, D. A., & Alkufeidy, R. M. (2021). Current trends of Silver doped Zinc oxide nanowires photocatalytic degradation for energy and environmental application. Surfaces and Interfaces. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin. 2021.100931

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[16]. Song, J. L., Zheng, J. H., Zhen, Z. H. A. O., Zhou, B. Y., & Lian, J. S. (2013). Synthesis and photoluminescence of Y and Cd co-doped ZnO nanopowder. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 23(8), 2336-2340. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(13)62738-7

[17]. Song, J., Kulinich, S. A., Li, J., Liu, Y., & Zeng, H. (2015). A general one-pot strategy for the synthesis of highperformance transparent-conducting-oxide nanocrystal inks for all-solution-processed devices. Angewandte Chemie, 127(2), 472-476. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange. 201408621

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[19]. Tien, L. C., Sadik, P. W., Norton, D. P., Voss, L. F., Pearton, S. J., Wang, H. T., ..., & Lin, J. (2005). Hydrogen sensing at room temperature with Pt-coated ZnO thin films and nanorods. Applied Physics Letters, 87(22), 222106.

[20]. Triboulet, R., & Perriere, J. (2003). Epitaxial growth of ZnO films. Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials, 47(2-3), 65-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. pcrysgrow.2005.01.003

[21]. Verma, R., Chauhan, A., Shandilya, M., Li, X., Kumar, R., & Kulshrestha, S. (2020). Antimicrobial potential of Agdoped ZnO nanostructure synthesized by the green method using Moringa oleifera extract. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 8(3). https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jece.2020.103730

[22]. Yıldırım, Ö. A., Unalan, H. E., & Durucan, C. (2013). Highly efficient room temperature synthesis of silver-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Ag) nanoparticles: structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 96(3), 766-773. https://doi.org/10.1111/ jace.12218

[23]. Yu, S. F., Yuen, C., Lau, S. P., Wang, Y. G., Lee, H. W., & Tay, B. K. (2003). Ultraviolet amplified spontaneous emission from zinc oxide ridge waveguides on silicon substrate. Applied Physics Letters, 83(21), 4288-4290. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1629784

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Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Al6061-ZrO₂ – Al₂O₃ Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites

R. Srinivasan * , P. Rahul, P. Mukesh*, Y. Yashwanth****

*-**** Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Valliammai Engineering College, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India.

Srinivasan, R., Rahul, P., Mukesh, P., and Yashwanth, Y. (2021). Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Al6061-ZrO₂ – Al₂O₃ Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 9(1), 38-47. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.9.1.18283

Abstract

In the recent years, metal matrix composites play a vital role in the automobile and aerospace industries due to its high strength to low weight. This research is focused on evaluation of mechanical properties of hybrid metal matrix composite of Al6061-ZrO₂-Al₂O₃ by varying weight percentage of reinforcement from 0 to 5% of zirconium oxide (ZrO₂) and aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃), and hybrid composite were fabricated by stir casting process. The hybrid metal matrix composites were subjected to different mechanical test to determine tensile, hardness and impact tests, and the samples used were machined from the fabricated parent composite in accordance with the ASTM standard. When compared with the base hybrid composite alloy matrix, the tensile strength, hardness, and impact strength of the hybrid composite increased by 24.3 %, 25 % and 0.7 % with the reinforcement addition of ZrO₂ by 3% weight and Al₂O₃ by 2% weight. It has been observedthat, improvement in the impact strength were low, due to highly brittle nature of reinforcement particle, and it resisted the percentage elongation of metal matrix composites (MMCs) and ensured that there is good bonding between matrix and reinforcement particle.

References

[1]. Fayomi, J., Popoola, A. P. I., Oladijo, O. P., Popoola, O. M., & Fayomi, O. S. I. (2019). Experimental study of ZrB₂-Si₃N₄ on the microstructure, mechanical and electrical properties of high grade AA8011 metal matrix composites. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 790, 610-615. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.03.112

[2]. Fenghong, C., Chang, C., Zhenyu, W., Muthuramalingam, T., & Anbuchezhiyan, G. (2019). Effects of silicon carbide and tungsten carbide in aluminium metal matrix composites. Silicon, 11(6), 2625- 2632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-018-0051-6

[3]. Hossain, S., Rahman, M. M., Chawla, D., Kumar, A., Seth, P. P., Gupta, P., … Jamwal, A. (2020). Fabrication, microstructural and mechanical behavior of Al-Al O -SiC 2 3 hybrid metal matrix composites. Materials Today: Proceedings, 21, 1458-1461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. matpr.2019.10.089

[4]. Kanth, U. R., Rao, P. S., & Krishna, M. G. (2019). Mechanical behaviour of fly ash/SiC particles reinforced Al- Zn alloy-based metal matrix composites fabricated by stir casting method. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 8(1), 737-744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt. 2018.06.003

[5]. Krishna, M. V., & Xavior, A. M. (2014). An investigation on the mechanical properties of hybrid metal matrix composites. Procedia Engineering, 97, 918-924. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.367

[6]. Kumar, B. P., & Birru, A. K. (2017). Microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminium metal matrix composites with addition of bamboo leaf ash by stir casting method. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 27(12), 2555-2572. https://doi.org/10.1016/S10 03-6326(17)60284-X

[7]. Mahendra, K. V., & Radhakrishna, K. (2010). Characterization of stir cast Al-Cu-(fly ash+ SiC) hybrid metal matrix composites. Journal of Composite Materials, 44(8), 989-1005. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998309346 386

[8]. Ravikumar, K., Kiran, K., & Sreebalaji, V. S. (2017). Characterization of mechanical properties of aluminium/tungsten carbide composites. Measurement, 102, 142-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement. 2017.01.045

[9]. Reddy, P. S., Kesavan, R., & Ramnath, B. V. (2018). Investigation of mechanical properties of aluminium 6061- silicon carbide, boron carbide metal matrix composite. Silicon, 10(2), 495-502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-01 6-9479-8

[10]. Rino, J. J., Sivalingappa, D., Koti, H., & Jebin, V. D. (2013). Properties of Al6063 MMC reinforced with zircon sand and alumina. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 5(5), 72-77.

[11]. Sambathkumar, M., Navaneethakrishnan, P., Ponappa, K., & Sasikumar, K. S. K. (2017). Mechanical and corrosion behavior of Al7075 (hybrid) metal matrix composites by two step stir casting process. Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, 14(2), 243-255. https:// doi.org/10.1590/1679-78253132

[12]. Subramaniam, B., Natarajan, B., Kaliyaperumal, B., & Chelladurai, S. J. S. (2018). Investigation on mechanical properties of aluminium 7075-boron carbide-coconut shell fly ash reinforced hybrid metal matrix composites. China Foundry, 15(6), 449-456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41230- 018-8105-3

[13]. Sundaram, J., Prakash, J. U., & Ramajayam, M. (2021). Microstructural and mechanical characterization of sintered and hot pressed hybrid metal matrix composites. In Innovative Design, Analysis and Development Practices in Aerospace and Automotive Engineering, (pp. 409-418). Singapore: Springer. https:// doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6619-6_44

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Photocatalytic Activity of Hydrazine Hydrate Passivated Zno Nanostructures Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method

N. Srinivasan Arunsankar * , M. Anbuchezhiyan **

* Department of Physics, Sri Sai Ram Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

** Department of Physics, SRM Valliammai Engineering College, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India.

Arunsankar, N. S., and Anbuchezhiyan, M. (2021). Photocatalytic Activity of Hydrazine Hydrate Passivated Zno Nanostructures Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 9(1), 48-53. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.9.1.18175

Abstract

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures have been synthesized using zinc acetate dehydrate and deionised water as precursors by the hydrothermal method. To investigate the morphology and size of the ZnO nanostructures, different concentrations of organic ligand hydrazine hydrate were added as a passivating agent to the precursor solution. The crystal structure of the synthesized samples were analysed by X-ray diffractometer. The influence of variation of hydrazine hydrate concentration in the synthesized samples has been investigated from the field emission scanning electron microscope images. From the diffuse reflectance spectroscopy studies, the optical absorption and band gap of the samples were determined. The samples were examined for morphology and size dependent photocatalytic activity against the degradation of methylene blue organic dye under visible light irradiation.

References

[1]. Baruah, S., & Dutta, J. (2009). Hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanostructures. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 10(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1468-996/10/ 1/013001

[2]. Bhat, D. (2008). Facile synthesis of ZnO nanorods by microwave irradiation of zinc–hydrazine hydrate complex. Nanoscale Research Letters, 3(1), 31-35. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11671-007-9110-4

[3]. Du, J., Xu, L., Zou, G., Chai, L., & Qian, Y. (2006). Solvothermal synthesis of single crystalline ZnTe nanorod bundles in a mixed solvent of ethylenediamine and hydrazine hydrate. Journal of Crystal Growth, 291(1), 183- 186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.02.040

[4]. Faisal, M., Ismail, A. A., Ibrahim, A. A., Bouzid, H., & Al- Sayari, S. A. (2013). Highly efficient photocatalyst based on Ce doped ZnO nanorods: Controllable synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic activity. Chemical Engineering Journal, 229, 225-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013. 06.004

[5]. Faisal, M., Tariq, M. A., & Muneer, M. (2007). Photocatalysed degradation of two selected dyes in UVirradiated aqueous suspensions of titania. Dyes and Pigments, 72(2), 233-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. dyepig.2005.08.020

[6]. Gouvea, C. A., Wypych, F., Moraes, S. G., Duran, N., Nagata, N., & Peralta-Zamora, P. (2000). Semiconductorassisted photocatalytic degradation of reactive dyes in aqueous solution. Chemosphere, 40(4), 433-440. https:// doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00313-6

[7]. Ismail, A. A., El-Midany, A. A., Abel-Aal, E. A., and El- Shall, H. (2005). Application of statistical design strategies to optimize the preparation of ZnO nanoparticles via hydrothermal technique. Materials Letters, 59, 1924- 1928.

[8]. Lin, Y. F., Chen, J. L., Chang, K. S., & Tung, K. L. (2013). Insight into the roles of ethylenediamine and hydrazine for the synthesis of ZnO micro/nanostructures using solvothermal process. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 15(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-012-1398-z

[9]. Lincot, D. (2010). Solution growth of functional zinc oxide films and nanostructures. MRS Bulletin, 35(10), 778- 789. https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs2010.507

[10]. Madathil, A. N. P., Vanaja, K. A., & Jayaraj, M. K. (2007, September). Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by hydrothermal method. In Nanophotonic Materials IV (Vol. 6639, p. 66390J). International Society for Optics and Photonics. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.730364

[11]. Omidi, A., & Habibi-Yangjeh, A. (2014). Enhancing photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanostructures by doping +4 with Ce ions prepared in water using ultrasonic irradiation. International Journal of Materials Research, 105(3), 288- 295. https://doi.org/10.3139/146.111015

[12]. Ozdemir, O., Armagan, B., Turan, M., & Celik, M. S. (2004). Comparison of the adsorption characteristics of azo-reactive dyes on mezoporous minerals. Dyes and Pigments, 62(1), 49-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig. 2003.11.007

[13]. Sahoo, G. P., Samanta, S., Bhui, D. K., Pyne, S., Maity, A., & Misra, A. (2015). Hydrothermal synthesis of hexagonal ZnO microstructures in HPMC polymer matrix and their catalytic activities. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 212, 665- 670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2015.10.019

[14]. Srinivasan, N., Anbuchezhiyan, M., Harish, S., & Ponnusamy, S. (2019). Hydrothermal synthesis of C doped ZnO nanoparticles coupled with BiVO and their 4 photocatalytic performance under the visible light irradiation. Applied Surface Science, 494, 771-782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.07.093

[15]. Zhou, W. D., Wu, X., Zhang, Y. C., & Zhang, M. (2007). Solvothermal synthesis of hexagonal ZnO nanorods and their photoluminescence properties. Materials Letters, 61(10), 2054-2057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet. 2006. 08.014

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Volume 9 Issue 1 April - June 2021

Experimental and Numerical Research on the Effect of Winding Angles on the Torsional Strength of Glass Fiber Winding Hybrid Aluminium Shaft

Bhupendra Pardhi* , Murlidhar Patel**

* Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India. ** Department of Mechanical Engineering, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing (IIITDM), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Pardhi, B., and Patel , M. (2021). Experimental and Numerical Research on the Effect of Winding Angles on the Torsional Strength of Glass Fiber Winding Hybrid Aluminium Shaft. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 9(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.9.1.18268

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Magnetic and Multiferroic Behaviour of Sm/Zr Substituted Mg-Mn Ferrites

G. Bhanu Praveen * , Pyla Aruna **, A. Durga Prasada Rao ***

* Chaitanya Engineering College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. ** Department of Engineering Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. *** Department of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Praveen, G. B., Aruna, P., and Rao, A. D. P. (2021). Magnetic and Multiferroic Behaviour of Sm/Zr Substituted Mg-Mn Ferrites. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 9(1), 13-22. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.9.1.18308

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Tribological Properties of a Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composite Brake Pad

Shado Adeniyi Samuel* , Aliu Ebenezer Tayo **, Bilal Abdulrahmon Akanni***

*-** Department of Glass and Ceramic Technology, School of Science and Computer Studies, Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.

Samuel, S. A., Tayo, A. E., and Akanni, B. A. (2021). Tribological Properties of a Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composite Brake Pad. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 9(1), 23-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.9.1.18307

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Study on Optical and Magnetic Properties of Zno:Ag Nanograins by La and Y Codoping Using Solution Combustion Method

V. Padmavathy* , S. Sankar**

*-** Department of Physics, Madras Institute of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Padmavathy, V., and Sankar, S. (2021). Study on Optical and Magnetic Properties of Zno:Ag Nanograins by La and Y Codoping Using Solution Combustion Method. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 9(1), 32-37. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.9.1.18176

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Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Al6061-ZrO2 – Al2O3 Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites

R. Srinivasan * , P. Rahul**, P. Mukesh***, Y. Yashwanth****

*-**** Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Valliammai Engineering College, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India.

Srinivasan, R., Rahul, P., Mukesh, P., and Yashwanth, Y. (2021). Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Al6061-ZrO2 – Al2O3 Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 9(1), 38-47. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.9.1.18283

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Photocatalytic Activity of Hydrazine Hydrate Passivated Zno Nanostructures Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method

N. Srinivasan Arunsankar * , M. Anbuchezhiyan **

* Department of Physics, Sri Sai Ram Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. ** Department of Physics, SRM Valliammai Engineering College, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India.

Arunsankar, N. S., and Anbuchezhiyan, M. (2021). Photocatalytic Activity of Hydrazine Hydrate Passivated Zno Nanostructures Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 9(1), 48-53. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.9.1.18175

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* Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India.

** Department of Mechanical Engineering, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing (IIITDM), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.

G. Bhanu Praveen * , Pyla Aruna , A. Durga Prasada Rao *

* Chaitanya Engineering College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Department of Engineering Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

* Department of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Shado Adeniyi Samuel* , Aliu Ebenezer Tayo , Bilal Abdulrahmon Akanni*

Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Al6061-ZrO₂ – Al₂O₃ Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites

R. Srinivasan * , P. Rahul, P. Mukesh*, Y. Yashwanth****

Srinivasan, R., Rahul, P., Mukesh, P., and Yashwanth, Y. (2021). Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Al6061-ZrO₂ – Al₂O₃ Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 9(1), 38-47. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.9.1.18283

* Department of Physics, Sri Sai Ram Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

** Department of Physics, SRM Valliammai Engineering College, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India.