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i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering (JME)

Current Issue Vol. 13 Issue 4

Effects of Drill Pipe Length and Weight on Bit on Lateral and Longitudinal Vibrations
Shell Tube Exchanger Parametric Investigation and Performance Simulation using Ansys
Fatigue Life Prediction of Aluminum 6061 Alloy through Experimental and Numerical Analysis under Various Stress Ratios in Axial Tension-Tension Loading Condition
Enhancing the Control of Boron Epoxy Cross-Ply Laminated Composite Plates through Intelligent Implementation of PZT Sensor and Actuator
Ball Mill Energy Efficiency Optimization Techniques: A Review

Most Cited

Volume 9 Issue 4 August - October 2019

Research Paper

Preparation, Microstructure Evaluation, and Performance Analysis of Diamond-Iron Bonded Magnetic Abrasives

Palwinder Singh* , Lakhvir Singh, Sehijpal Singh*

* I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Engineering College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India.

* Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.

Singh, P., Singh, L., and Singh, S. (2019). Preparation, Microstructure Evaluation and Performance Analysis of Diamond-Iron Bonded Magnetic Abrasives . i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 9(4), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.9.4.16403

Abstract

The customary edged tool for machining is uneconomical for harder and hard to machine materials and furthermore the level of surface finish accomplished is not that great. As of late, a lot of consideration in mechanical engineering has been centered on finishing tasks. Not many investigations have been accounted for till date on the advancement of substitute magnetic abrasives. In this paper, to improve the finishing performance, the magnetic abrasives were prepared by mechanical alloying of diamond powder and iron (Fe) powder, compacting these with Universal Testing Machine (UTM) and then sintered at different temperature in a sintering machine in an inert gas (H₂) atmosphere. These compacts were crushed and sieved to obtain various sizes of magnetic abrasives. These magnetic abrasives were micro-structurally examined. The results indicate that the densification increases and porosity decreases with increasing temperature. Moreover, the prepared bonded magnetic abrasives has potential performance as a new magnetic abrasives for fine finishing in Magnetic Abrasive Flow Machining (MAFM) process.

References

[1]. Bähre, D., Brünnet, H., & Swat, M. (2012). Investigation of one-way abrasive flow machining and in-process measurement of axial forces. Procedia CIRP, 1, 419-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2012.04.075

[2]. Butola, R., Jain, R., Bhangadia, P., Bandhu, A., Walia, R. S., & Murtaza, Q. (2018). Optimization to the parameters of abrasive flow machining by Taguchi method. Materials Today: Proceedings, 5(2), 4720-4729. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.matpr.2017.12.044

[3]. Dehghanghadikolaei, A., Fotovvati, B., Mohammadian, B., & Namdari, N. (2018). Abrasive Flow Finishing of Stainless Steel 304 Biomedical Devices. Research and Development in Material Science, 8, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.31031/RDMS.2018.08.000683

[4]. Khairy, A. B. (2001). Aspects of surface and edge finish by magnetoabrasive particles. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 116(1), 77-83. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0924-0136(01)00840-8

[5]. Kreman, G., Elsayed, E., Feygin, S., & Lgelshteyn, L. (1999). Material removal rate and surface roughness of the magnetic abrasive processes. In Proceeding of 3^rd International Machining and Grinding: Material Removal Rate and Surface Roughness of the Magnetic-Abrasive Process (pp 1-15).

[6]. Lin, C. T., Yang, L. D., & Chow, H. M. (2007). Study of magnetic abrasive finishing in free-form surface operations using the Taguchi method. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 34(1-2), 122-130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-006-0573-8

[7]. Sankar, M. R., Ramkumar, J., & Jain, V. K. (2009). Experimental investigation and mechanism of material removal in nano finishing of MMCs using Abrasive Flow Finishing (AFF) process. Wear, 266(7-8), 688-698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2008.08.017

[8]. Shinmura, T., Takazawa, K., Hatano, E., Matsunaga, M., & Matsuo, T. (1990). Study on magnetic abrasive finishing. CIRP Annals, 39(1), 325-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0007-8506(07)61064-6

[9]. Singh, A., Singh, S., & Singh, L., (2017). Effect of annealing temperature on Mechanically Alloyed (MA) magnetic abrasives. International Journal of Advanced in Management, Technology and Engineering Sciences, 7(11), 246-250.

[10]. Singh, S., & Shan, H. S. (2002). Development of magneto abrasive flow machining process. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 42(8), 953- 959. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-6955(02)00021-4

[11]. Sran, L. S., Khangura, S. S., & Singh, A. (2013, July). Nano finishing of brass tubes by using mechanically alloyed magnetic abrasives. In ASME 2012 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 40^th North American Manufacturing Research Conference and in participation with the International Conference on Tribology Materials and Processing (pp. 933-941). https://doi.org/10.1115/ MSEC2012-7264

[12]. Yamaguchi, H., & Hanada, K. (2008). Development of spherical magnetic abrasive made by plasma spray. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 130(3), 031107. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2917353

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Research Paper

Studies on Thin Film Multilayer Coatings Deposited by Sputtering Process

Mohan Kumar T. R.* , P. V. Srihari, Krupashankara M. S.*

_ Department of Mechanical Engineering, RV College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Goa College of Engineering, Goa, India.

Kumar, M. T. R., Srihari, P. V., and Krupashankara, M. S. (2019). Studies on Thin Film Multilayer Coatings Deposited by Sputtering Process. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 9(4), 8-17. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.9.4.16320

Abstract

Thin film coatings have become an intensively research area for applications related to solar, sensor technologies, and some of the optical applications. The deposition of metallic thin films is mainly carried through DC magnetron sputtering process. The deposition of metallic thin films mainly depends of the process parameters, such as RF power, DC power, and Argon gas flow rate. To obtain the effects of process parameters, L orthogonal array are used. 410- Solar Visible / NIR 9 Spectrophotometer are used to estimate solar absorptance, reflectance, and mirror assessment. These are typical test methods for the measuring solar absorptance, solar reflectance, and transmittance of materials. 410-Solar measures reflectance ta seven sub-bands in 300-2500 nm spectral regions. ET 100 emissometer measures directional reflectance at six bands in the thermal infrared spectral region at two incident angles 20^oand 60^o. Hence, Nano structured thin films are exhaustively used in the area of solar selective coatings.

References

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[2]. Beegan, D., Chowdhury, S., & Laugier, M. T. (2004). The nanoindentation behaviour of hard and soft films on silicon substrates. Thin Solid Films, 466(1-2), 167-174. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2004.03.006

[3]. Callister, W. D., & Rethwisch, D. G. (2007). Materials th Science and Engineering: An Introduction (9 Ed.). New York: John wiley & sons.

[4]. Carter, D., Walde, H., McDonough, G., & Roche, G. (2002, April). Parameter optimization in pulsed DC reactive sputter deposition of aluminum oxide. In Proceedings of the Annual Technical Conference-Society of Vacuum Coaters (pp. 570-577).

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[7]. Ghasempour, Z., & Rozati, S. M. (2011, November). Characterization of nanostructure black nickel coatings for solar collectors. In World Renewable Energy Congress- Sweden (No. 057, pp. 3985-3990). Linköping University Electronic Press. https://doi.org/10.3384/ecp110573985

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[11]. Montgomery, D. C. (2017). Design and Analysis of Experiments (9^thEd.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.

[12]. Morales, A., & Duran, A. (1997). Sol-gel protection of front surface silver and aluminum mirrors. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 8(1-3), 451-457. https://doi.org/ 10.1023/A:1018325522562

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[15]. Petrov, I., Barna, P. B., Hultman, L., & Greene, J. E. (2003). Microstructural evolution during film growth. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, 21(5), S117-S128. https://doi.org/10.1116/ 1.1601610

[16]. Reddy, I. N., Reddy, V. R., Sridhara, N., Rao, V. S., Bhattacharya, M., Bandyopadhyay, P., ... & Dey, A. (2014). Pulsed RF magnetron sputtered alumina thin films. Ceramics International, 40(7), 9571-9582. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.02.032

[17]. Umrath, D. W. (2007). Fundamentals of vacuum technology. Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum, 1, 9-198.

[18]. Vila, M., Caceres, D., & Prieto, C. (2003). Mechanical properties of sputtered silicon nitride thin films. Journal of Applied Physics, 94(12), 7868-7873. https://doi.org/ 10.1063/1.1626799

[19]. Wasa, K., Kanno, I., & Kotera, H. (2012). Handbook of Sputter Deposition Technology: Fundamentals and Applications for Functional Thin Films, Nano-Materials and MEMS (2^nd Ed.). Norwich, New York: William Andrew.

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Research Paper

Some Studies of Mechanical and Thermal Behaviour of CNT based E-Glass Fibre Composites

SATISH* , Aditya Kolakoti**

* Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pragati Engineering College, Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh, India.

** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Raghu Engineering College, Dakamarri, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Geeri, S., and Kolakoti, A. (2019). Some Studies of Mechanical and Thermal Behaviour of CNT based E-Glass Fibre Composites. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 9(4), 18-28. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.9.4.16441

Abstract

In this study, a fifteen number of specimens is fabricated by polymers with filler material multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for proposed percentages and for three different orientations of glass fibre. Morphological examination is carried by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The mechanical and thermal properties of the laminates is characterized by tensile, flexural, hardness, and thermogravimetric analysis. Results reveal that the mechanical properties are improved by reinforcing the filler material up to the low percentage due to the uniform distribution in matrix materials. The thermal analysis demonstrate that the increase in MWCNTs, results in an increase in the thermal stability of composites up to 3% due to the strong chemical linkage between the CNTs and the matrix material. On further reinforcement of CNTs, the thermal stability decreases due to formation of aggregation of CNTs. By comparing experimental data and statistical data of mechanical and thermal behaviour, no disparity was observed.

References

[1]. Ago, H., Petritsch, K., Shaffer, M. S., Windle, A. H., & Friend, R. H. (1999). Composites of carbon nanotubes and conjugated polymers for photovoltaic devices. Advanced Materials, 11(15), 1281-1285. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(199910)11:15%3C1281::AID-ADMA1281% 3E3.0.CO;2-6

[2]. Andrews, R., & Weisenberger, M. C. (2004). Carbon nanotube polymer composites. Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, 8(1), 31-37. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.cossms.2003.10.006

[3]. Bachtold, A., Hadley, P., Nakanishi, T., & Dekker, C. (2001). Logic circuits with carbon nanotube transistors. Science, 294(5545), 1317-1320. https://doi.org/10.1126/ science.106582

[4]. Baughman, R. H., Cui, C., Zakhidov, A. A., Iqbal, Z., Barisci, J. N., Spinks, G. M., ... & Jaschinski, O. (1999). Carbon nanotube actuators. Science, 284(5418), 1340- 1344. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5418.1340

[5]. Chen, X., Wang, J., Lin, M., Zhong, W., Feng, T., Chen, X., ... & Xue, F. (2008). Mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy nanocomposites reinforced with aminofunctionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 492(1-2), 236-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2008.04.044

[6]. Coleman, J. N., Khan, U., Blau, W. J., & Gun'ko, Y. K. (2006). Small but strong: A review of the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube–polymer composites. Carbon, 44(9), 1624-1652. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.carbon.2006.02.038

[7]. Endo, M., Strano, M. S., & Ajayan, P. M. (2007). Potential Applications of Carbon Nanotubes. In Jorio A., Dresselhaus G., Dresselhaus M. S. (Eds). Carbon Nanotubes. Topics in Applied Physics, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/978-3-540-72865-8_2

[8]. Iijima, S. (1991). Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature, 354(6348), 56-58. https://doi.org/ 10.1038/354056a0

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[10]. Mina, M. F., Beg, M. D., Islam, M. R., Nizam, A. K. A. A., & Younus, R. M. (2013, January). Characterization of Biodegradable Nanocomposites with Poly (Lactic Acid) and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. In Proceedings of World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology (No. 73, p. 1019). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1081613

[11]. Ruan, S. L., Gao, P., Yang, X. G., & Yu, T. X. (2003). Toughening high performance ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene using multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Polymer, 44(19), 5643-5654. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0032-3861(03)00628-1

[12]. Satish, G., Prasad, V. V. S., & Ramji, K. (2017a). Impact of carbon nanotubes on polymer nano composites. International Journal of Advanced Research in Basic Engineering Sciences and Technology, 3(6), 46-60.

[13]. Satish, G., Prasad, V. V. S., & Ramji, K. (2017b). Manufacturing and characterization of CNT based polymer composites. Mathematical Models in Engineering, 3(2), 89-97 https://doi.org/10.21595/ mme.2017.19121

[14]. Satish, G., Prasad, V. V. S., & Ramji, K. (2018a). Effect on Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Based Composite. Materials Today: Proceedings, 5(2), 7725- 7734 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.449

[15]. Satish, G., Prasad, S. S., & Prasad, V. V. S. (2018b). Experimental Studies on Mechanical Properties of Polymer Based Composites. i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 8(4), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.26634/ jme.8.4.14102

[16]. So, H. H., Cho, J. W., & Sahoo, N. G. (2007). Effect of carbon nanotubes on mechanical and electrical properties of polyimide/carbon-nanotubes nanocomposites. European Polymer Journal, 43(9), 3750- 3756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.06.025

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[19]. Zhu, B. K., Xie, S. H., Xu, Z. K., & Xu, Y. Y. (2006). Preparation and properties of the polyimide/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) nanocomposites. Composites Science and Technology, 66 (3-4), 548-554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.05.038

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Research Paper

Experimental Investigation on the Performance of Lubricants during Machining of Steel

L. B. Abhang* , M. Hameedulla, M. B. Kulkarni *, P. R. Nale****

, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pravara Rural Engineering College, Loni, Maharashtra, India.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Department of Mechanical Engineering , P. Dr. V. V. P. Institute of Techonology & Engineering, Pravaranagar, Ahmednagar, Loni, Maharashtra, India.

Abhang, L. B., Hameedulla, M., Kulkarni, M. B., and Nale, P. R. (2019). Experimental Investigation on the Performance of Lubricants during Machining of Steel. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 9(4), 29-37. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.9.4.16286

Abstract

In this paper, developing a reliable mathematical model for cooling efficiency representing machining conditions of a particular work-tool combination, using near dry lubrication. of solid–liquid in various proportions is used, keeping in view environmentally conscious manufacturing. The range of each machining parameter were selected at three different levels, like low, middle, and high based on industrial application. Five controllable parameters during the machining of alloy steel have been studied. Statistical design of experiment (DOE) technique is used in this research work for getting accurate and scientific results during machining of alloy steel. Factorial design with eight added centre points (2⁵ + 8) is a composite design used in this research paper. The relationship between the cooling efficiency and cutting conditions were analyzed. In the development of predictive model, cutting conditions and tool geometry (tool nose radius) and various proportions of solid –liquid lubricant were considered as model variables and cooling efficiency considered as response variable. Using the experimental data of cooling efficiency, a regression analysis with logarithmic transformation correlation model has been developed to predict the cooling efficiency during machining of alloy steel. The experimental data collected during machining analyzed by statistically through analysis of variance technique. Rotating vector operator process (ROVOP) optimization method is used for optimization of machining parameters.

References

[1]. Abhang, L. B., & Hameedullah, M. (2010a). Control of chip-tool interface temperature for improved productivity through a new lubricating technique. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 5(14), 2373-2382.

[2]. Abhang, L. B., & Hameedullah, M. (2010b). Chip-tool interface temperature prediction model for turning process. International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 2(4), 382-393.

[3]. Abhang, L. B., & Hameedullah, M. (2010c). Power Prediction Model for Turning EN-31 Steel using Response Surface Methodology. Journal of Engineering Science & Technology Review, 3(1), 116-122.

[4]. Basu, S.K. (2010). Advanced Engineering Optimization, Seminar notes Organised by Department of Production Engineering, K. K. Wagh Institute Of Engineering Education And Research, Nashik.

[5]. Deshmukh, S. D., & Basu, S. K. (2006). Significance of solid lubricants in metal cutting. In Proceedings of 22^nd All India Manufcturing Technology, Design and Research, (AIMTDR), (pp. 156- 162).

[6]. Dhar, N. R., Kamruzzaman, M., & Ahmed, M. (2006). Effect of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) on tool wear and surface roughness in turning AISI-4340 steel. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 172(2), 299-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.09.022

[7]. Duc, T. M., & Chien, T. Q. (2019). Performance Evaluation of MQL Parameters Using Al₂O₃ and MoS₂ Nanofluids in Hard Turning 90CrSi Steel. Lubricants, 7(5), 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants7050040

[8]. Gopal, A, G., & Rao, V. P. (2004). Performance improvement of grinding of SiC using graphite as a solid lubricant. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 19(2), 177-186. https://doi.org/10.1081/AMP-120029850

[9]. Hegab, H., & Kishawy, H. (2018). Towards sustainable machining of Inconel 718 using nano-fluid minimum quantity lubrication. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 2(3), 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/ jmmp2030050

[10]. Hegab, H., Umer, U., Soliman, M., & Kishawy, H. A. (2018). Effects of nano-cutting fluids on tool performance and chip morphology during machining Inconel 718. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 96(9-12), 3449-3458. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00170-018-1825-0

[11]. Ingole, M. W., & Bahendwar, A. S. (2002). Parametric analysis of ball burnishing- a potential metal finishing process. Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India), Part MC, Mechanical Engineering Division, 83(2), 69-71.

[12]. Klocke, F. A. E. G., & Eisenblätter, G. (1997). Dry cutting. Cirp Annals, 46(2), 519-526. https://doi.org/10. 1016/S0007-8506(07)60877-4

[13]. Lathkar, G. S., Kharde, R. R., & Basu, S. K. (2001). Some experiments in machining using grease based solid lubricant. Journal-Institution of Engineers India Part Pe Production Engineering Division, 82, 1-6.

[14]. MaClure, T. F., Adams, R., & Gugger, M. D. (2001). Comparison of Flood vs. Micro Lubrication on Machining Performance. Retreived from http://www.unist.com/ techsolve.html

[15]. Montgomery, D. C. (2005). Design and Analysis of Experiments (3^rd Ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.

[16]. Rahim, E. A., & Dorairaju, H. (2018). Evaluation of mist flow characteristic and performance in Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) machining. Measurement, 123, 213- 225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2018.03.015

[17]. Reddy, N. S. K., & Rao, P. V. (2006). Experimental investigation to study the effect of solid lubricants on cutting forces and surface quality in end milling. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 46(2), 189- 198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2005.04.008

[18]. Shaji, S., & Radhakrishnan, V. (2003). An investigation on solid lubricant moulded grinding wheels. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 43(9), 965- 972. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-6955(03)00064-6

[19]. Shirsat, U. M., & Ahuja, B. B. (2004). Parametric analysis of combined turning and ball burnishing process. Indian Journal of Engineering and Material Science, 11(5), 391- 396.

[20]. Varadarajan, A. S., Philip, P. K., & Ramamoorthy, B. (2002). Investigations on hard turning with minimal cutting fluid application (HTMF) and its comparison with dry and wet turning. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 42(2), 193-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0890-6955(01)00119-5

[21]. Varadarajan, A. S., Ramamoorthy, B., & Philip, P. K. (2002). Formulation of A cutting fluid for hard turning with minimal fluid application. In 20^th AIMTDR Conference at Birla institute of Technology Ranchi, India (pp. 89-95).

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Research Paper

Identifying Appropriate Job and Machine Sequence Through Artificial Fish Swarm Optimisation Technique

Shivashankreppa* , Prashant G. Kamble, Ashok Vangeri*

* Department of Mechanical Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Bidar, Karnataka, India.

Department of Industrial and Production, Poojya Doddappa Appa College of Engineering, Kalburgi, Karnataka, India.

* Shetty Institute of Technology, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India.

Shivashankreppa, Kamble, P. G., and Vangeri, A. (2019). Identifying Appropriate Job and Machine Sequence Through Artificial Fish Swarm Optimisation Technique i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 9(4), 38-46. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.9.4.16365

Abstract

Scheduling plays a vital role in various industries especially in auto industries, where job and machine should be arranged in an appropriate sequence for effective outcome. To pursue this type of sequence manually takes a long time and is complex to compute. This urges to incorporate optimization techniques to predict the optimal job and machine sequence. This research incorporates five different sizes of Bench Mark (BM) Job Shop Scheduling Problems (JSSP). These problems intent to solve with the aid of Teaching–Learning Based Optimization (TLBO), Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure (GRASP), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Artificial Fish Swarm Optimization (AFSO). The investigation reveals the superiority of proposed AFSO over other comparative techniques in all performance evaluations.

References

[1]. Asadzadeh, L. (2016). A parallel Artificial Bee Colony algorithm for the job shop scheduling problem with a dynamic migration strategy. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 102, 359-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.cie.2016.06.025

[2]. Balasubramanian, H., Fowler, J., Keha, A., & Pfund, M. (2009). Scheduling interfering job sets on parallel machines. European Journal of Operational Research, 199(1), 55-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2008.10.038

[3]. Baykasoğlu, A., Hamzadayi, A., & Köse, S. Y. (2014). Testing the performance of teaching–learning based optimization (TLBO) algorithm on combinatorial problems: Flow shop and job shop scheduling cases. Information Sciences, 276, 204-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ins.2014.02.056

[4]. Ghannadpour, S. F., Noori, S., & Tavakkoli- Moghaddam, R. (2013). Multiobjective dynamic vehicle routing problem with fuzzy travel times and customers' satisfaction in supply chain management. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 60(4), 777- 790. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2013.2257794

[5]. Horng, S. C., Lin, S. S., & Yang, F. Y. (2012). Evolutionary algorithm for stochastic job shop scheduling with random processing time. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(3), 3603-3610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2011.09.050

[6]. Jain, N., Singh, A. R., & Choudhary, A. K. (2016, December). Integrated methodology for supplier selection in supply chain management. In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM) (pp. 807-811). IEEE. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/IEEM.2016.7797988

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Review Paper

Effect of Antioxidants on Oxidation Stability of Biodiesel Produced from Different Feedstocks: A Critical Review

Rakesh Kumar* , Santosh Kumar**

*_** Department of Mechanical Engineering, CGC-Chandigarh Engineering College, Landran, Mohali, Punjab, India.

Kumar, R., and Kumar, S. (2019). Effect of Antioxidants on Oxidation Stability of Biodiesel Produced from Different Feedstocks: A Critical Review. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 9(4), 47-60. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.9.4.16354

Abstract

The main obstacle in biodiesel used in internal combustion engine is oxidation instability due to presence of unexpected high unsaturation and it produces adverse effects like sludge formation, rise in acid value, etc. These effects cause engine problems like fuel filter blockage, choking of injector, which causes misfiring or hard starting, deposition in injector pump, etc. To solve these problems, antioxidants are mixed to increase the oxidation stability of biodiesel. Hence, the study aimed to review the work done by various researchers and study the effect of various antioxidants on oxidation stability, methods used to determine the oxidation stability, and factors affecting engine performance of biodiesel (vegetable oils or animal fats, etc), so that this manuscript could become the torchbearer for the futuristic researchers working in the domain of biodiesel production. From the literature review it is noticed that for most of the biodiesel samples, Propyl gallate is the best antioxidant. In addition, the analysis of the IR spectra is an economical, efficient, simple, fast and non-destructive technique to determine the oxidation stability of biodiesel.

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* I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. ** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Engineering College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India. *** Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.

Singh, P., Singh, L., and Singh, S. (2019). Preparation, Microstructure Evaluation and Performance Analysis of Diamond-Iron Bonded Magnetic Abrasives . i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 9(4), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.9.4.16403

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Mohan Kumar T. R.* , P. V. Srihari**, Krupashankara M. S.***

*_** Department of Mechanical Engineering, RV College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. *** Goa College of Engineering, Goa, India.

Kumar, M. T. R., Srihari, P. V., and Krupashankara, M. S. (2019). Studies on Thin Film Multilayer Coatings Deposited by Sputtering Process. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 9(4), 8-17. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.9.4.16320

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* Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pragati Engineering College, Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh, India. ** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Raghu Engineering College, Dakamarri, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Geeri, S., and Kolakoti, A. (2019). Some Studies of Mechanical and Thermal Behaviour of CNT based E-Glass Fibre Composites. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 9(4), 18-28. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.9.4.16441

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Experimental Investigation on the Performance of Lubricants during Machining of Steel

L. B. Abhang* , M. Hameedulla**, M. B. Kulkarni ***, P. R. Nale****

Abhang, L. B., Hameedulla, M., Kulkarni, M. B., and Nale, P. R. (2019). Experimental Investigation on the Performance of Lubricants during Machining of Steel. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 9(4), 29-37. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.9.4.16286

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Identifying Appropriate Job and Machine Sequence Through Artificial Fish Swarm Optimisation Technique

Shivashankreppa* , Prashant G. Kamble**, Ashok Vangeri***

* Department of Mechanical Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Bidar, Karnataka, India. ** Department of Industrial and Production, Poojya Doddappa Appa College of Engineering, Kalburgi, Karnataka, India. *** Shetty Institute of Technology, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India.

Shivashankreppa, Kamble, P. G., and Vangeri, A. (2019). Identifying Appropriate Job and Machine Sequence Through Artificial Fish Swarm Optimisation Technique i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 9(4), 38-46. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.9.4.16365

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Effect of Antioxidants on Oxidation Stability of Biodiesel Produced from Different Feedstocks: A Critical Review

Rakesh Kumar* , Santosh Kumar**

*_** Department of Mechanical Engineering, CGC-Chandigarh Engineering College, Landran, Mohali, Punjab, India.

Kumar, R., and Kumar, S. (2019). Effect of Antioxidants on Oxidation Stability of Biodiesel Produced from Different Feedstocks: A Critical Review. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 9(4), 47-60. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.9.4.16354

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Palwinder Singh* , Lakhvir Singh, Sehijpal Singh*

* I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Engineering College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India.

* Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.

Mohan Kumar T. R.* , P. V. Srihari, Krupashankara M. S.*

_ Department of Mechanical Engineering, RV College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Goa College of Engineering, Goa, India.

* Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pragati Engineering College, Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh, India.

** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Raghu Engineering College, Dakamarri, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

L. B. Abhang* , M. Hameedulla, M. B. Kulkarni *, P. R. Nale****

Shivashankreppa* , Prashant G. Kamble, Ashok Vangeri*

* Department of Mechanical Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Bidar, Karnataka, India.

Department of Industrial and Production, Poojya Doddappa Appa College of Engineering, Kalburgi, Karnataka, India.

* Shetty Institute of Technology, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India.