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i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering (JME)

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Mechanization and Import Substitution in Zimbabwean Farmers' Equipment: A Case Study of the Revitalization of an Abandoned Tractor Trailer
Drill String Vibrational Analysis and Parametric Optimization for a Portable Water Well Rig Development
An Efficient Deep Neural Network with Amplifying Sine Unit for Nonlinear Oscillatory Systems
The Occupational Directness of Nanorobots in Medical Surgeries
Recent Trends in Solar Thermal Cooling Technologies

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Volume 12 Issue 3 May - July 2022

Research Paper

Effect of SiC Coated GNP on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Pressureless Sintered SS316L Composites

Kalyanamanohar Veeramallu* , A. Gopalakrishna**

*-** Department of Mechanical Engineering, UCEK (A), JNTUK Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Veeramallu, K., and Gopalakrishna, A. (2022). Effect of SIC Coated GNP on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Pressureless Sintered SS316L Composites. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 12(3), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.12.3.18589

Abstract

In this research, an attempt was made to reinforce Silicon Carbide (SiC) Coated Graphene Nano Platelets (SGNP) in SS316L composites through a pressureless sintering technique. By reinforcing xSGNP (x: 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 wt %) into the SS316L matrix material it would be consolidated and sintered in a vacuum. Further microstructural studies and mechanical tests will be carried out. The investigation reveals the effectiveness of SGNP reinforcement in improving the mechanical properties of SS316L composites. The microstructural and elemental composition analysis of composites was carried out by an optical microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive XRay Spectroscopy (EDS). The mechanical properties of SS316L/xSGNP composites were evaluated by using Vickers micro-hardness tester and Pin-on disc wear apparatus. The fine grain structure was observed with the reinforcement of SS316L-SGNP. The hardness of composites drastically increased by 110% compared to monolithic SS316L when increasing the weight percentage of SGNP to 0.5Wt %. The wear rate of 0.5wt % SGNP dropped to 55% compared with SS316L

References

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[4]. Boonruang, C., & Sanumang, W. (2021). Effect of nano-grain carbide formation on electrochemical behavior of 316L stainless steel. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91958-x

[5]. Kishore Kumar, P., Vijaya Sai, N., & Gopala Krishna, A. (2018). Influence of sintering conditions on microstructure and mechanical properties of alloy 218 steels by powder metallurgy route. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 43(9), 4659–4674. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-017-3015-z

[6]. Kuforiji, C., & Nganbe, M. (2019). Powder metallurgy fabrication, characterisation and wear assessment of SS316L-Al2O3 composites. Tribology International, 130, 339–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2018.10.002

[7]. Kurgan, N. (2013). Effects of sintering atmosphere on microstructure and mechanical property of sintered powder metallurgy 316L stainless steel. Materials and Design, 52, 995–998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.06.035

[8]. Liu, G., Zhao, N., Shi, C., Liu, E., He, F., Ma, L., Li, Q., Li, J., & He, C. (2017). In-situ synthesis of graphene decorated with nickel nanoparticles for fabricating reinforced 6061Al matrix composites. Materials Science and Engineering A, 699, 185–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.05.084

[9]. Mallikarjuna, H. M., Ramesh, C. S., Koppad, P. G., Keshavamurthy, R., & Kashyap, K. T. (2016). Effect of carbon nanotube and silicon carbide on microstructure and dry sliding wear behavior of copper hybrid nanocomposites. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China (English Edition), 26(12), 3170–3182. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(16)64449-7

[10]. Mallikarjuna, H. M., Ramesh, C. S., Koppad, P. G., Keshavamurthy, R., & Sethuram, D. (2017). Nanoindentation and wear behaviour of copper based hybrid composites reinforced with SiC and MWCNTs synthesized by spark plasma sintering. Vacuum, 145, 320–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2017.09.016

[11]. Mandal, A., Tiwari, J. K., Sathish, N., & Srivastava, A. K. (2020). Microstructural and mechanical properties evaluation of graphene reinforced stainless steel composite produced via selective laser melting. Materials Science and Engineering A, 774, 138936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.138936

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[18]. Ren, W., Li, A., Zhang, W., Yang, Y., Zhou, S., Shi, L., ... & Wang, X. (2020). A facile and cost-effective approach to fabricate in-situ synthesized graphene nanosheet reinforced 316L stainless steel. JOM, 72(12), 4514-4521. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04440-w

[19]. Serafini, F. L., Peruzzo, M., Krindges, I., Ordoñez, M. F. C., Rodrigues, D., Souza, R. M., & Farias, M. C. M. (2019). Microstructure and mechanical behavior of 316L liquid phase sintered stainless steel with boron addition. Materials Characterization, 152, 253-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2019.04.009

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[23]. Zou, Y., Tan, C., Qiu, Z., Ma, W., Kuang, M., & Zeng, D. (2021). Additively manufactured SiC-reinforced stainless steel with excellent strength and wear resistance. Additive Manufacturing, 41, 101971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.101971

[24]. Skałon, M., Buzolin, R., Kazior, J., Sommitsch, C., & Hebda, M. (2019). Improving the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of AISI 316L+ B sinters by Si3N4 addition. Materials, 12(11), 1798. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12111798

[25]. Wu, C. L., Zhang, S., Zhang, C. H., Zhang, J. B., Liu, Y., & Chen, J. (2019). Effects of SiC content on phase evolution and corrosion behavior of SiC-reinforced 316L stainless steel matrix composites by laser melting deposition. Optics & Laser Technology, 115, 134-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2019.02.029

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Research Paper

Adaptive Wing Aeroelasticity CFD Analysis using Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

M. V. Sunil Kumar* , P. M. Menghal**

* Faculty of Aeronautical Engineering, MCEME-Military College of Electronics and Mechanical Engineering, Secunderabad, Telangana, India.

** Faculty of Electronics, MCEME-Military College of Electronics and Mechanical Engineering, Secunderabad, Telangana, India.

Kumar, M. V. S., and Menghal, P. M. (2022). Adaptive Wing Aeroelasticity CFD Analysis using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 12(3), 13-24. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.12.3.18591

Abstract

Morphing wing technology has been part of the aviation industry since the time of the Wright Brothers. Wright Brothers used morphing wing for Wright flyer, and type of morphing wing used then was twisting the wing prepared with the help of bicycle tubes and cardboards. But to enhance the morphing wing technology and to produce more effective results aerodynamically, and increase lift performances and lower drag performances, better materials with better mechanism had to be used. This research is directed towards morphing a Supersonic aero elastic wing in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Here a CFD analysis of National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA)0012 airfoil, made of a morphing material is done in the initial part. It has low and transonic regions of CFD analysis in the said airfoil. The problems persisting with the high speed aerodynamic CFD analysis is brought out in detail. Later part of the work is on designing of a self-trainable and multilayer Artificial Deep Neural Network and its programming using Python deep learning (Python Anaconda). It also explains how these Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques help immensely in supersonic aerodynamic and aeroelastic analysis of the aerofoils. The data from designing the aerofoil and its CFD analysis will be used for training the deep neural networks, which is done by the Python code.

References

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[10]. Garg, D. P., Zikry, M. A., & Anderson, G. L. (2001). Current and potential future research activities in adaptive structures: an ARO perspective. Smart Materials and Structures, 10(4), 610.

[11]. Gern, F., Inman, D., & Kapania, R. (2001). Structural and aeroelastic modeling of general planform UCAV wings with morphing airfoils. In 19th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference (p. 1369). https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-1369

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[24]. Ramanaiah, K. V., & Sridhar, S. I. R. I. P. U. R. A. P. U. (2014). Hardware implementation of artificial neural networks. i-manager's Journal on Embedded Systems, 3(4), 31-34. https://doi.org/10.26634/jes.3.4.3514

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[27]. Toqeer, R. S., & Bayindir, N. S. (2003). Speed estimation of an induction motor using Elman neural network. Neurocomputing, 55(3-4), 727-730. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-2312(03)00384-9

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Research Paper

The Design and Flow Simulation in a Convergent and Divergent Nozzle using Taguchi

Sri Ram Deepak Akella* , Allam Bhima Dhanaraj, B. S. V. Ramarao*

*-**** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pragati Engineering College (Autonomous), Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Akella, S. R. D., Dhanaraj, A. B., and Ramarao, B. S. V. (2022). The Design and Flow Simulation in a Convergent and Divergent Nozzle using Taguchi. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 12(3), 25-34. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.12.3.18612

Abstract

The nozzle is a complex structural design to direct a controlled rate of flow of the gases to increase the velocity based upon the required parameters. A nozzle comes with different shapes depending upon the mission and their work. The design of the nozzle is significant for understanding the performance and the characters of the Rocket. The engine's performance is dependent upon the geometrical design of the nozzle. The main factors that affect the outlet velocity of the nozzle are area ratio, pintle design, length of the pintle, position of the pintle, mass flow rate. In this paper, the observation over the flow simulation over the converging- Diverging nozzle by varying the area ratio, placing the pintle position and the pintle design, and the position of the pintle by changing the inlet mass flow rate from 350kg/sec, 450kg/sec and the 550kg/sec and observed flow variations to determine the optimal result using the Taguchi optimization method. The flow simulation for the designed nozzle is performed using Solid Works. The Taguchi had obtained a reference that the area ratio will have the maximum amount of influence on the Nozzle performance, followed by the pintle's position, angle of the pintle, mass flow rate, and the length of the pintle. The optimal condition that is obtained in the Taguchi is that the nozzle with an area ratio of 120 and the placement of the nozzle length of 0.1215m which has an angle of the 35˚ and placing the pintle at a distance of 0.4745m for the inlet, can produce a maximum amount of outlet velocity.

References

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[2]. Belega, B. A., & Nguyen, T. D. (2015, May). Analysis of flow in convergent-divergent rocket engine nozzle using computational fluid dynamics. In International Conference of Scientific Paper (Vol. 6).

[3]. Budiyanto, M. A., Novri, J., Alhamid, M. I., & Ardiyansyah. (2019, January). Analysis of convergent and divergent-convergent nozzle of waterjet propulsion by CFD simulation. In AIP Conference Proceedings, 2062(1), pp. 020066. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5086613

[4]. Ekanayake, S., Gear, J. A., & Ding, Y. (2009). Flow simulation of a two dimensional rectangular supersonic convergent divergent nozzle. ANZIAM Journal, 51, 377-392. https://doi.org/10.21914/anziamj.v51i0.2577

[5]. Gamble, E., Terrell, D., & DeFrancesco, R. (2004, July). Nozzle selection and design criteria. In 40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit (p. 3923).

[6]. Hussain, M. A., Prasad, M. S., & Nagakalyan, S. (2019). Design and flow analysis of various convergentdivergent nozzles by using computational fluid dynamics (Cfd). International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering, 6(5), 372-379. https://doi.org/10.26562/IJIRAE.2019.MYAE10087

[7]. Khan, A., Aabid, A., & Khan, S. A. (2018). CFD analysis of convergent-divergent nozzle flow and base pressure control using micro-JETS. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3.29), 232-235.

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[9]. Kumaar, R. K., & kesavan, M. (2016). Design and CFD analysis of shock wave over supersonic CD nozzle. International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology, 7(1), 502-510. http://dx.doi.org/10.21172/1.71.072

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[17]. Satish, G., & Yuvaraj, M. A. (2019). Flow behavior on elbow with various geometries of nozzle. i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 9(2), 43-51. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.9.2.15851

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Research Paper

Investigating Performance of Compound Heating Furnace Subject to Heating by Two Elements and (Silicon Controlled Rectifier) SCR Control at 1600^oC

Ranjib K. Chowdhury* , A. R. K. Swamy, M. S. Krupashankara*

* Department of Mechanical Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AIT, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

* Department of Mechanical Engineering, Goa Government Engineering College, Goa, India.

Chowdhury, R. K., Swamy, A. R. K., and Krupashankara, M. S. (2022). Investigating Performance of Compound Heating Furnace Subject to Heating by Two Elements and (Silicon Controlled Rectifier) SCR Control at 1600^oC. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 12(3), 35-46. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.12.3.18545

Abstract

The present research examines the performance of a resistance heating furnace using two different heating elements, Silicon Carbide (SiC) heating rods and Molybdenum Di-Silicide (MoSi2) to raise working chamber temperature to 1600ᴼC. SiC rods are used first, starting from the beginning (ambience) temperature 35ᴼC up to 1300ᴼC, followed by MoSi2 heating elements to raise chamber temperature from 1300ᴼC to set temperature at 1600ᴼC. Transition from SiC to MoSi2, heating system is uninterrupted, and swift in heating element effected by inter-locking system (an electronic device or an electro-magnetic system) without any drop in effect. The system under analysis consists of Programmable (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) PID, (Silicon Controlled Rectifier) Thyristor power pack, recrystallised alumina tubes, sensing elements: thermo-couple, Pt-Pt/13%.Rh, semiconductor based circuit that controls power and current to the system requirement (step down) and thereby control voltage automatically with transformer (depending on size of working area, and 53 amp (I), 220 V for single phase, reduced to 60V by a step down transformer) and auto current limiting facilities. Present analysis is designed for programmable and also for non-programmable type of cycles of operations set before starting the furnace within maximum working temperature of 1600ᴼC to achieve objectives, like saving of amperage (current consumption 53 amp) and power at reduced voltage (40V), long life of the heating elements (2 years and more) and optimization of thermal efficiency (60%) for high working temperature 1600ᴼC for long hours of operation in a Compound Heating Resistance (CHR) furnace.

References

[1]. Chowdhury, R. K., & Rajashekhar, C. R. (2013). Studies of Parametric Analysis of high temperature resistance furnace. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 2(2), 1-15.

[2]. Evans, M. N. (2008). A reactor for high temperature pyrolysis and oxygen isotopic analysis of cellulose via induction heating. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry: An International Journal Devoted to the Rapid Dissemination of Up to the Minute Research in Mass Spectrometry, 22(14), 2211-2219. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3603

[3]. Feist, C., & Plankensteiner, A. (2011). Multi-physics analysis of a refractory metal ac-operated high temperature heater with abaqus. In Proceedings 2011 SIMULIA Customer Conference, 1-15.

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Research Paper

Aerodynamics Analysis of RAF Family Aerofoil using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Sri Ram Deepak Akella* , Sashendra Srinivas Baswanth Pappula, Satish Charan Jalli*, B. S. V. Ramarao****

*-**** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pragati Engineering College (Autonomous), Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Akella, S. R. D., Pappula, S. S. B., Jalli, S. C., and Ramarao, B. S. V. (2022). Aerodynamics Analysis of RAF Family Aerofoil using Computational Fluid Dynamics. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 12(3), 47-55. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.12.3.18673

Abstract

Aerofoil is a design that offers a gold standard ratio between the coefficient of drag to the coefficient of lift. Aerofoil are the standard cross-sectional structure of the plane wing. In this paper, a famous aerofoil family which is acknowledged to be the Royal Aircraft Factory (RAF) is regarded with all the accessible aerofoil models in that family. The pinnacle 5 aerofoils are considered and inspected for all drift editions over the viewed models with various flow transforming from 400, 420, 440, 460, 480 and 500 knots. The current research is to determine the high-quality aerofoil sketch over their family, for the quality aerofoil format by using plan amendment, and the float variation is carried out by varying the angle of assault with 5 stages interval from 0-25 ranges and the pressure, velocity, turbulence length, temperature, Mach number and the pressure performing in x & y-direction are recorded. All these parameters in consideration determined the most fulfilling model for the RAF family.

References

[1]. Chada, J. S. R., KV, V. S., Kumar, G. V., Shaheen, M., & Bhaskar, A. P. (2020). Flow variation on NACA 6412 Aerofoil with surface modifications. i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 10(3), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.10.3.17447

[2]. Geeri, S., Surapaneni, S. P., Chada, J. S. R., & Manda, A. Y. (2022). Studies based on CFD behaviour of aerofoil and regression analysis. Engineering Science & Technology, 3(1), 55-68. https://doi.org/10.37256/est.3120221121

[3]. Khairani, C., & Marpaung, T. J. (2019, November). Computational analysis of fluid behaviour around airfoil with Navier-Stokes equation. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1376(1), 012003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1376/1/012003

[4]. Manda, A. Y., Chada, J. S. R., Surapaneni, S. P., & Geeri, S. (2020). Flow behaviour on aerofoils using CFD. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Automation and Control Systems, 1(1), 26-36. https://doi.org/10.21595/jmeacs.2020.21515

[5]. Prasath, M. S., & Angelin, I. (2017). Effect of dimples on aircraft wing. Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering, 2(5), 234-242.

[6]. Rasal, S. K., & Katwate, R. R. (2017). Numerical analysis of lift & drag performance of NACA0012 wind turbine aerofoil. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 4(6), 2892-2896.

[7]. Saraf, A. A. K., Singh, B. M. P., & Chouhanr, C. T. S. (2018). Study of flow separation on airfoil with bump. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 13(16), 12868-12872.

[8]. Singh, D., Gajghat, R. H., & Manik, M. K. (2019). Experimental investigation to examine the effect of shape and size of dimples at suction surface of aerofoil. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 8(12), 521-534.

[9]. Veer, R., Shinde, K., Gaikwad, V., Sonawane, P., & Sonawane, Y. (2017). Study and analyse airfoil section using CFD. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, 6(9), 47-51.

[10]. Zaheer, Z., Roy, K. R., Nair, G. S., Ragipathi, V., & Niranjan, U. V. (2019, November). CFD analysis of the performance of different airfoils in ground effect. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1355(1), 012006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1355/1/012006

i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering (JME)

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Volume 12 Issue 3 May - July 2022

Effect of SiC Coated GNP on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Pressureless Sintered SS316L Composites

Kalyanamanohar Veeramallu* , A. Gopalakrishna**

*-** Department of Mechanical Engineering, UCEK (A), JNTUK Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Veeramallu, K., and Gopalakrishna, A. (2022). Effect of SIC Coated GNP on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Pressureless Sintered SS316L Composites. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 12(3), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.12.3.18589

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Adaptive Wing Aeroelasticity CFD Analysis using Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

M. V. Sunil Kumar* , P. M. Menghal**

* Faculty of Aeronautical Engineering, MCEME-Military College of Electronics and Mechanical Engineering, Secunderabad, Telangana, India. ** Faculty of Electronics, MCEME-Military College of Electronics and Mechanical Engineering, Secunderabad, Telangana, India.

Kumar, M. V. S., and Menghal, P. M. (2022). Adaptive Wing Aeroelasticity CFD Analysis using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 12(3), 13-24. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.12.3.18591

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The Design and Flow Simulation in a Convergent and Divergent Nozzle using Taguchi

Sri Ram Deepak Akella* , Allam Bhima Dhanaraj**, B. S. V. Ramarao***

*-**** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pragati Engineering College (Autonomous), Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Akella, S. R. D., Dhanaraj, A. B., and Ramarao, B. S. V. (2022). The Design and Flow Simulation in a Convergent and Divergent Nozzle using Taguchi. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 12(3), 25-34. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.12.3.18612

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Investigating Performance of Compound Heating Furnace Subject to Heating by Two Elements and (Silicon Controlled Rectifier) SCR Control at 1600oC

Ranjib K. Chowdhury* , A. R. K. Swamy**, M. S. Krupashankara***

* Department of Mechanical Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India. ** Department of Mechanical Engineering, AIT, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. *** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Goa Government Engineering College, Goa, India.

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Aerodynamics Analysis of RAF Family Aerofoil using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Sri Ram Deepak Akella* , Sashendra Srinivas Baswanth Pappula**, Satish Charan Jalli***, B. S. V. Ramarao****

*-**** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pragati Engineering College (Autonomous), Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Akella, S. R. D., Pappula, S. S. B., Jalli, S. C., and Ramarao, B. S. V. (2022). Aerodynamics Analysis of RAF Family Aerofoil using Computational Fluid Dynamics. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 12(3), 47-55. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.12.3.18673

Abstract

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* Faculty of Aeronautical Engineering, MCEME-Military College of Electronics and Mechanical Engineering, Secunderabad, Telangana, India.

** Faculty of Electronics, MCEME-Military College of Electronics and Mechanical Engineering, Secunderabad, Telangana, India.

Sri Ram Deepak Akella* , Allam Bhima Dhanaraj, B. S. V. Ramarao*

Investigating Performance of Compound Heating Furnace Subject to Heating by Two Elements and (Silicon Controlled Rectifier) SCR Control at 1600^oC

Ranjib K. Chowdhury* , A. R. K. Swamy, M. S. Krupashankara*

* Department of Mechanical Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AIT, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

* Department of Mechanical Engineering, Goa Government Engineering College, Goa, India.

Sri Ram Deepak Akella* , Sashendra Srinivas Baswanth Pappula, Satish Charan Jalli*, B. S. V. Ramarao****