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i-manager's Journal on Material Science (JMS)

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Exploring the Optical and Structural Properties of Chromium (Cr)-Doped Polyaniline
Green Route Extraction of TPA Monomer from Poly Cotton Fibre: A Sustainable Recovery Approach
Efficient Extraction of Diesel Oil from Waste Plastics: A Comprehensive Study
Laser-Based Ultrasonics for Non-Destructive Material Testing: A Practical Guide
Advancements and Applications of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters: A Comprehensive Review

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Volume 3 Issue 4 January - March 2016 [Open Access]

Article

Graphene: A Rock Star Nano-Sized Material

Maninder Kaur*

*Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, D.A.V. College Amritsar, Punjab, India.

Kaur, M. (2016). Graphene: A Rock Star Nano-Sized Material. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 3(4), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.3.4.4822

Abstract

Graphene is one of the several forms of carbon, also known as its “allotropes”. It consists of a single-atom–thick sheet of carbon atoms with remarkable and exciting properties. It is super-strong and stiff, amazingly thin, almost completely transparent, extremely light, and an amazing conductor of electricity and heat. It also has extremely unusual electronic properties. These qualities make Graphene, a superb alternative for the use as a transparent conductor, now found in everything from computer displays and flat panel TVs to ATM touch screens and solar cells. It can be used to make excellent transistors in which, the electrons travel ballistically over submicron distances. Moreover, gas sensors could be created which are sensitive to a single atom or molecule with the help of Graphene. In condensed matter physics, electronic properties of materials are described by the Schrodinger equation, but Graphene is an exception. Its charge carriers mimic relativistic particles and are described starting with the Dirac equation, rather than the Schrodinger equation. So it can be used to test the predictions of quantum electrodynamics. This is a new area of research, since it hasn't been easy to find a material that displays Dirac particles. The list of applications of Graphene is countless. Thus, Graphene is a rock star material that relies on one of the most abundant materials on Earth, Carbon. It will drastically change the feasibility and efficiency of many future technologies, and in turn these future technologies will change our lives. This paper presents a review on the properties and applications of Graphene.

References

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[2]. C. Berger, et al., (2004). “Ultra thin epitaxial graphite: 2D electron gas properties and a route towards graphenebased nanoelectronics”. J. Phys. Chem. B, Vol. 108, No. 52, pp. 19912-19916.

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[4]. Jean-Noel, and Mark Oliver, (2008), “Introduction to the Physical Properties of Graphene”. Lecture Notes.

[5]. K.S. Novoselov, et al, (2005). “Two dimensional atomic crystals”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, Vol. 102, pp. 10451- 10453.

[ 6 ] .Wikipedia. Graphene. Retrived from www.wikipedia.com.

[7]. Drexel’s Department of Physics. Retrived from http://www.physics.drexel.edu.

[8]. A. H. Castro Neto, F. Guinea, N. M. R. Peres, K.S. Novoselov, and A. K. Geim, (2009), “The electronic properties of graphene”. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 81, pp. 109.

[9]. Heyrovska, Raji, (2008), "Atomic Structures of Graphene, Benzene and Methane with Bond Lengths as Sums of the Single, Double and Resonance Bond Radii of Carbon". arXiv:0804.4086.

[10]. Lee, C.; Wei, X.; Kysar, J. W.; Hone, J., (2008). “Measurement of the Elastic Properties and Intrinsic Strength of Monolayer Graphene”. Science, Vol. 321, No. 5887, pp. 385 – 388.

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Research Paper

Technology Forecast for Composite Materials in Product Design

Tom Page*

*Senior Lecturer, Loughborough Design School, United Kingdom.

Page, T. (2016). Technology Forecast for Composite Materials in Product Design. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 3(4), 5-19. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.3.4.4823

Abstract

An investigation into the applications of composite materials focusing on how they have either replaced traditional materials or allowed innovations to be realised from a performance perspective. Through use of a survey and interview, the author assessed consumer and expert opinion that composites have moved from being a highly performing technical material, reserved for the most extreme applications, to an aesthetic material appreciated for its cosmetic values. The research also looks into where the future may lie with the development of new processes and materials.

References

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[5]. Collins, (1984). Collins Pocket English Dictionary. Glasgow: Willam Collins ltd.

[6]. Crosky, A. & Soatthiyanon, N., (2014). “Thermoset matrix natural fibre-reinforced composites. In: A. Hodzic & R. Shanks, eds”. Natural Fibre Composites: Materials, Processes and Properties. Vol. 270: Woodhead Publishing Limited, p. 233.

[7]. Danej, (2013). Tesla Forum : Does Anyone Still Like The Look Of Carbon Fiber?. Retrived from http:// my.teslamotors.com/it_IT/forum/forums/does-anyone-stilllook- carbon-fiber [Accessed March 2015].

[8]. Edmondson, D. S.,(2013). Polymer Processing and Applications. Loughborough: s.n.

[9]. Foresman, C., (2009). Infinite Loop /The Apple Ecosystem. Retrived from http://arstechnica.com/ apple/2009/05/apple-files-patent-for-improvingaesthetics- of-carbon-fiber/ [Accessed March 2015].

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[11]. Gay, D. & Hoa, S.V., (2007). Composite Materials. 2 Ed, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.

[12]. Hodzic, A. & Shanks, R., (2014). Natural Fibre Composites. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing Limited.

[13]. Hsia, Y. et al., (2012). “Synthetic Spider Silk Production on a Laboratory Scale”. The Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE), Vol. 65.

[14]. Hu, W. & He, M., (2006). “A Study on Composite Honeycomb Sandwich Panel Structure”. Materials & Design, Vol. 29(3), pp.709-713.

[15]. Johnson, T., (2015). History of Composites. Retrived from http://composite.about.com/od/ about composites plastics/a/History of Composites.htm [Accessed January 2015].

[16]. Lee, K. & Bismarck, A., (2014). Creating hierararchical structure in cellulosic fibre reinforced polymer compoistes for advanced performance. In: A. Hodzic & R. Shanks, eds. Natural Fibre Composites: Materials, Processes and Properties. Oxford: Woodhead Publishing Limited, pp. 84- 102.

[17]. Linul, E., Marsavina, L., Voiconi, T. & Sadowski, T., (2013). “Study of factors influencing the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams under dynamic compression”. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 451(1), pp. 012002 (6pp).

[18]. Liszewski, A., (2012). Gizmodo: 18 Stupid Uses of Carbon Fiber. Retrived from http://gizmodo.com/ 5946674/18-places-carbon-fiber-doesnt-belong [Accessed March 2015].

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[21]. Marsh, G., (2005). “Airframers exploit composites in battle for supremacy”. Reinforced Plastics, Vol.49(3), pp. 16-32.

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[24]. Palucka, T. & Bensaude-Vincent, B., N/A (2015). Composites Overview. Retrived from http://authors.library.caltech.edu/5456/1/hrst.mit.edu/hrs/materi als/public/composites/Composites_Overview.htm#2nd_g eneration[Accessed January 2015].

[25]. rex8499, (2014). Reddit cars: Will carbon fiber interior trim be viewed as ugly in 40 years? In a similar way that vinyl "wood" trim has gone out of style now? Retrived from http://www.reddit.com/r/cars/comments/25q9sm/will_carb on_fiber_interior_trim_be_viewed_as_ugly[Accessed March 2015].

[26]. Soutis, C., (2005). “Carbon fiber reinforced plastics in aircraft construction”. Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 412(1-2), pp.171-176.

[27]. Ticoalu, A., Aravinthan, T. & Cardona , F., (2010). A Review of Current Development in Natural Fiber. Toowoomba: University of Southern Queensland .

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[30].Verhelle, T., (2002). Composites in sports, cars and bikes. In: From Bakelite to Composite. Oostkamp: Stichting Kunstboek, pp. 69-85.

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Research Paper

Effect of Addition of Transition Metal Oxides on the Optical and Structural Properties of Phosphate Glasses

Manpreet Kaur*

*Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, DAV College, Amritsar, Punjab, India.

Kaur, M. (2016). Effect of Addition of Transition Metal Oxides on the Optical and Structural Properties of Phosphate Glasses. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 3(4), 20-27. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.3.4.4824

Abstract

Phosphate glasses having composition 50P₂O₅–30MgO–20Na₂O and 50P₂O₅–30MgO–15Na₂O-5TMO (with TMO(Transition Metal Oxides) as CuO, Fe₂O₃ and TiO₂ ) were prepared using conventional melt quench technique and were characterized for their optical and structural properties. The absence of any sharp peak in the XRD spectra confirmed the amorphous behaviour of prepared glasses. Density of prepared glasses was found in the range of 2.51-2.62 g/cm³ . The FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) spectra of the glasses only showed a variation in the intensity of peaks with doping of different transition elements. The band gap energy and refractive index were calculated from the UVVisible optical absorption spectra in the wavelength range of 200-900 nm. It was found that, the band gap energy was maximum for host glass (3.37 eV) and minimum for CuO doped glass samples (3.21 eV). SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) morphology also showed the lack of any long range periodicity in the prepared glass samples.

References

[1]. ElBatal, F.H., Marzouk, M.A., & Abdelghany, A.M. (2011), “UV-visible and infrared absorptions spectra of gamma irradiated V₂O_5^-doped in sodium phosphate, lead phosphate, zinc phosphate glasses: A comparative study”. Journal of Non Crysalline Solids, Vol. 357(3), pp 1027-31.

[2]. Brow, R.K. (2000), “Review: The Structure of Simple Phosphate Glasses”. Journal of Non Crysalline Solids, Vol. 263, pp. 264 1-28.

[3]. ElBatal, F.H. (2208). “Gamma ray Interaction with copper-doped sodium phosphate galsses”. Journal of Material Science, Vol. 43(3), pp.1070-79.

[4]. Tiwari, B., Sudarsan, V., Dixit, A., Kothiyal, G.P. (2011), “Effect of TiO₂ addition on optical, thermo-physical and structural Aspects of sodium alumino-phosphate glasses”. Journal of American Ceramic Society, Vol. 94(5), pp. 1440- 43.

[5]. Behrends, F., & Eckert, H. (2011), “Mixed Alkali Effects in Aluminophosphate Glasses: A Re-rxamination of the system [xNa₂O(1-x)LiO₂]_.46 [yAl₂O₃(1-y)P₂O₅]_.54 ”. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 115, pp. 17175-79.

[6]. Ahmed, J., Lewis, M., & Knowles, J.C. (2004), “Phosphate glasses for tissue engineering : Part 1.Processing and characterization of a ternary based P₂O₅-Cao-Na₂O glass system,” Biomaterials, Vol. 25, pp. 491-94.

[7]. Ravikumar, R.V.S.S.N., Reddy, V.R., Chandrasekhar, A.V., Reddy, B.J., Reddy, Y.P., & Rao, P.S. (2002), “Tetragonal site of transition metal ions doped sodium phosphate glasses”. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 337(1), pp. 272-76.

[8]. Ravikumar, R.V.S.S.N., Yamauchi, J., Chandrasekhar, A.V., Reddy, Y.P., & Rao, P. S. (2005), “Identification of chromium and nickel sites in zinc phosphate glasses”. Journal of Molecular Structure, Vol. 740, No. 1, pp. 169- 173.

[9]. Bunker, B.C., Arnold, G. W., & Wilder, J. A. (1984), "Phosphate Glass Dissolution in Aqueous Solutions". Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 64, pp. 291-94.

[10]. Bingham, P.A., Hand, R.J., Hannat, O.M., Forder, S.D., & Kilcoyne, S.M. (2009), “Effects of modifier additions on the thermal properties, chemical durability, Oxidation state and structure of iron phosphate glasses”. Journal of Non- Crystalline Solids, Vol. 355, pp. 1526-29.

[11]. Sahar, M.R., & Kamaruddin N. (1996), “The phase - - equilibrium of binary MgO and CaO phosphate glasses”. Journal of Material Science Letters, Vol. 15, 1932.

[12]. Shelby, J.M. (2000), “Properties of alkali-alkaline earth metaphosphate glasses”. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 263-264, pp. 271-74.

[13]. ElBatal, F.H., Abo Naf, S.M., & Ezz ElDin F.M., (2005), “Spectroscopic studies of gamma-irradiated transition metals-doped soda lime phosphate glass”. Indian Journal of Pure Applied Physics, Vol. 43(8), pp. 579-83.

[14]. Marzouk, S.Y., Elalaily, N.A., Ezz-Eldin, F.M., & Abd- Allah, W.M., (2006), “Optical absorption of gammairradiated lithium-borate glasses doped with different transition metal oxides”. Physica B, Vol. 382, pp. 340-43.

[15]. Jain, R.K., & Lind, R.C. (1983), “Degenerate four-wave mixing in semiconductor-doped glasses”. Journal of Optical Society American, Vol. 73, pp. 647-49.

[16]. Montagne, L., Palavit, G., & Mairesse, G. (1996), “31 P MAS NMR and FTIR analysis of (50-x)Na₂O-xBi₂O₃ -(50-x/2)P₂O₅ glasses”. Physics Chemistry Glasses, Vol. 37(5), (1996) 206.

[17]. Abo-Naf, S.M., El-Amiry, M.S., & Abdel-Khalek, A.A. (2008), “FT-IR and UV–Vis optical absorption spectra of ?- irradiated calcium phosphate glasses doped with Cr₂O₃, V₂O₅ and Fe₂O₃ ”. Optical Materials, Vol. 30(6), pp. 900-03.

[18]. ElBatal, H.A., ElMandouh, Z.E., Zayed, H.A., Marzouk, S.Y., Elkomy, G.M., & Hosny, A., (2013), “Gamma rays interaction with copper doped lithium phosphate glasses”. Journal of Molecular Structure, Vol. 1054-055, pp. 57-60.

[19]. Abdelghany, A.M., ElBatal, F.H., Azzoz, M.A., Ouis, M.A., & ElBatal, H.A. (2012), “Optical and infrared absorption spectra of 3D transition metal ions doped sodium borophosphate glasses and effect of gamma irradiation”. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, Vol. 98, pp. 148-51.

[20]. Giridhar, G., Sastry, S.S., & Rangacharyulu, M., (2011), “Spectroscopic studies on Pb₃O₄-ZnO-P₂O₅ glasses doped with transition metal ions”. Physica B, Vol. 406, pp. 4027-30.

[21]. Moustafa, Y.M., & Egili, K.E. (1998), “Infrared spectra of sodium phosphate glasses”. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 240, pp. 144-46.

[22]. ElBatal, F.H., Hamdy, Y.M., & Marzouk, S.Y. (2009), “UV–visible and infrared absorption spectra of transition metals-doped lead phosphate glasses and the effect of gamma irradiation”. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 355 (50-51), pp. 2439-41.

[23]. Bae, B.S., & Weinberg, M.C., (1994), “Optical absorption of copper phosphate glasses in the visible spectrum”. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol.168, pp. 223-26.

[24]. F.H. ElBatal, (2009), “UV-Visible, Infrared, Raman and ESR spectra of gamma irradiated TiO₂ doped soda lime phosphate glasses”. Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics, Vol. 47, pp. 631-34.

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Research Paper

Effect of Donor Number of Plasticizers on Conductivity of Polymer Electrolytes Containing NH₄F

Shuchi Sharma* , Naresh Dhiman, Dinesh Pathak*, Dr. Rajiv Kumar****

* Research Scholar, Department of Physics, Sri Sai University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.

-* Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Sri Sai University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.

**** Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Goswami Ganesh Dutt Sanatan Dharam College, Hariana, Punjab, India.

Sharma, S., Dhiman,N., Pathak, D., and Kumar, R. (2016). Effect of Donor Number of Plasticizers on Conductivity of Polymer Electrolytes Containing NH₄F. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 3(4), 28-34. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.3.4.4825

Abstract

Polymer electrolytes based on ammonium fluoride (NH₄F) and poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF- HFP) have been prepared by solution casting technique using Tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a solvent and characterized by complex impedance spectroscopy. Maximum conductivity of 2.17x10^-7 S/cm at room temperature has been obtained for polymer electrolytes PVdF-HFP+10wt%NH₄F. The effect of different plasticizers Propylene Carbonate (PC), Dimethylformamide (DMF) and Dimethylacetamide (DMA) on conductivity behavior has been studied. It has been found that, the conductivity of polymer electrolytes increases by three orders of magnitude from 10^-7 to 10^-4 S/cm with the addition of plasticizers. Maximum room temperature conductivity of 8.8x10^-6 S/cm, 7.8x10^-5 S/cm and 1.1x10^-4 S/cm has been observed for plasticized polymer electrolytes containing PVdF-HFP+30 wt% NH₄F and 95 wt% PC, DMF, DMA respectively, which can be explained on the basis of donor numbers of plasticizers used. The addition of plasticizer to polymer electrolytes has been observed to decrease in glass transition temperature (T_g ). The variation of conductivity with temperature suggests that, these polymer electrolytes are thermally stable and small change in conductivity with temperature is suitable for their use in practical applications like solid state batteries, fuel cells, electro chromic devices, super capacitors, etc.

References

[1]. S. Chandra, (1987). “Superionic Solids – Principles and Applications”. Amsterdam: North Holland.

[2]. Ph. Colomban, (ed.) (1992). “Proton Conductors Solids, Membranes and Gels - Materials and Devices”. Cambridge University Press.

[3]. A. Hampp, A. L. Holt, J. G. A. Wehner, & D. E. Morse, (2012). “Polymer shutter compositions and devices for Infrared systems”. US Patent 8,094,361.

[4]. R. Kumar, (2015). “Characterization of proton conducting polymer electrolytes based on 2,3-dimethyl-1- octylimidazolium triflate (DMOImTf) ionic liquid”. Inter. J. Sci., Tech. and Management, Vol. 4, pp. 433-441.

[5]. D. E. Fenton, D. E. Parker, & P. V. Wright, (1973). “Complexes of alkali metal ions with poly(ethylene) oxide”. Polymer, Vol. 14, pp. 589-590.

[6]. P. V. Wright, (1975). “Electrical conductivity in ionic complexes of poly(ethylene)oxide”. Br. Polym. J. Vol. 7, pp. 319-324.

[7]. B.B. Owens, (2000). “Solid state electrolytes: Overview of materials and applications during the last third of the twentieth century”. J. Power Sources, Vol. 90, pp. 2-8.

[8]. R. Kumar, (2016). “Electrical characterization of PVdF based proton conducting polymer gel electrolytes”. Curr. Smart Mater.– in press, Vol. 1(3).

[9]. R. Kumar, S. Sharma, N. Dhiman, & D. Pathak (2016). “Study of proton conducting PVdF based plasticized polymer electrolytes containing ammonium fluoride”. Mater. Sci. Res. J. – in press

[10]. R. Kumar, & S. S. Sekhon, (2004). “Evidence of ion pair breaking by dispersed polymer in polymer gel electrolytes”. Ionics, Vol. 10, No.1-2, pp.10-16.

[11]. R. Kumar, J. P. Sharma, & S.S. Sekhon, (2005). “FTIR study of ion dissociation in PMMA based gel electrolytes containing ammonium triflate: Role of dielectric constant of solvent”. Euro. Polym. J, Vol. 41, pp. 2718-2725.

[12]. H.P. Singh, R. Kumar, & S.S. Sekhon, (2005). “Correlation between ionic conductivity and fluidity of polymer gel electrolytes containing NH₄CF₃SO₃ ”. Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 28, pp. 467-472.

[13]. B. Singh, R. Kumar, & S.S. Sekhon, (2005). “Conductivity and viscosity behaviour of PMMA based gels and nano dispersed gels: Role of dielectric constant of solvent”. Solid State Ionics, Vol. 176, pp. 1577-1583.

[14]. R. Kumar, & S. S. Sekhon, (2008). “Effect of molecular weight of PMMA on the conductivity and viscosity behaviour of polymer gel electrolytes containing NH₄CF₃SO₃ ”. Ionics, Vol. 14, pp. 509-514.

[15]. P. Zhang, L C. Yang, L. L. Li, M. L. Ding, Y. P. Wu, & R. Holze, (2011). “Enhanced electrochemical and mechanical properties of P(VDF-HFP)-based composite polymer electrolytes with SiO₂ nanowires”. J. Membrane Sci., Vol. 379, pp. 80-85.

[16]. J.P. Sharma, K. Yamada, & S.S. Sekhon, (2012). “Conductivity study on PEO based polymer electrolytes containing hexafluorophosphate anion: Effect of plasticizer”. Macromol. Symp., Vol. 315, pp. 188–197.

[17]. R. Kumar, (2014). “Enhancement in electrical properties of PEO based nano-composite gel electrolytes”. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 12-17.

[18]. R. Kumar, (2015). “Electrical properties of nanocomposite polymer gels based on PMMA-DMA/DMC-LiClO₄-SiO₂ ”. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, Vol.3, No. 2, pp. 21-27.

[19]. R. Kumar, (2015). “Nano-composite polymer gel electrolytes containing ortho-nitro benzoic acid: Role of dielectric constant of solvent and fumed silica”. Ind. J. Phys.,Vol. 89, pp. 241-248.

[20]. R. Kumar, & S. S. Sekhon, (2004). “Evidence of ion pair breaking by dispersed polymer in polymer gel electrolytes”. Ionics, Vol. 10, pp. 436-442.

[21]. R. Kumar, B. Singh, & S.S. Sekhon, (2005). “Effect of dielectric constant of solvent on the conductivity behavior of polymer gel electrolytes”. J. Mater. Sci., Vol. 40, pp. 1273-1275.

[22]. R. Kumar, & S. S. Sekhon, (2009). “Conductivity modification of proton conducting polymer gel electrolytes containing a weak acid (ortho-hydroxy benzoic acid) with the addition of PMMA and fumed silica”. J. Appl. Electrochem., Vol. 39, pp. 439-445.

[23]. R. Kumar, & S. S. Sekhon, (2013). "Conductivity, FTIR studies and thermal behavior of PMMA-based proton conducting polymer gel electrolytes containing triflic acid". Ionics, Vol. 19, pp. 1627-1635.

[24]. R. Kumar, (2014). “Comparison of composite proton conducting polymer gel electrolytes containing weak aromatic acids”. i-manager's J. Mater. Sci., Vol. 2, pp. 23- 34.

[25]. M. A. Ratner in J. R. MacCallum, & C. A. Vincent (Eds.), (1987). Polymer Electrolyte Reviews. Vol. 1, Elsevier, London, pp.183.

[26]. S. S. Sekhon, N. Arora, & H. P. Singh, (2003). “Effect of donor number of solvent on the conductivity behaviour of nonaqueous proton-conducting polymer gel electrolytes”. Solid State Ionics, Vol. 160, pp. 301-307.

[27]. R. Kumar, (2014). “Effect of donor number of solvent and nano-filler on electrical behaviour of composite gel electrolytes”. Insight: An International J. Sci. Vol. 1, pp. 1-6.

[28]. S. Sharma, N. Dhiman, D. Pathak, & R. Kumar, (2016). “Effect of nano-size fumed silica on ionic conductivity of PVdF-HFP based plasticized nano-composite polymer electrolytes”. Ionics.

[29]. L. C. Hardy, D. F. Shriver, (1984). “Chloride ion conductivity in a plasticized quaternary ammonium polymer”. Macromolecules, Vol. 17, pp. 975-977.

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Research Paper

Effect of Mn Content on the Properties Affecting Shape Memory Behaviour of Cu-12Al-4Ni-10Zn Alloy

Rupa Dasgupta* , Ashish Kumar Jain, Shahadat Hussain, Abhishek Pandey, V. Sampath

* Senior Principal Scientist, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal, India.

Project Fellow, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal, India.

* Researcher, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal, India.

Scientist, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal, India.

* Professor, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, IIT Chennai, India.

Dasgupta, R., Jain, A. K., Hussain, S., Pandey, A., and Sampath, V. (2016). Effect of Mn Content on the Properties Affecting Shape Memory Behaviour of Cu-12Al-4Ni-10Zn Alloy. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 3(4), 35-43. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.3.4.4826

Abstract

The present paper describes the role of Mn on the properties of a Cu-Al-Ni-Zn shape memory alloy. The effect of addition of different amounts of Mn has been studied on a Cu-12Al-4Ni-10Zn alloy, known to exhibit shape memory properties. The transformation temperatures, phase precipitation and thermal properties have been determined. It has been found that the quantity of Mn has a significant effect on the formation, morphology, and structure of the obtained martensite. Therefore, the properties of these alloys are varied in accordance of these effects. The efficacy of adding Mn and its quantity has been described in this study and a correlation is attempted to relate it to the thermal properties.

References

[1]. Ling-fei, Cao., Wang Ming-pu, Zhou, Li., Ben, Xu., & Yu- Chang, Su., (2002). “Thermal cycling effect in Cu-11.9Al- 2.5Mn shape memory alloy with high Ms temperature”. Transactions Nonferrous Society of China, Vol.12 (4), pp. 716-719.

[2]. Wang, Qingzhou., Han, Fusheng., Cui, Chunxiang., Bu, Shaojing., & Bai, Ling., (2007). “Effect of aging on the reverse martensitic phase transformation behaviours of Cu- Al-Mn shape memory alloys”. Materials Letters, Vol. 61, pp 5185–5187.

[3]. Dasgupta, Rupa., Jain, Ashish Kumar., Kumar, Pravir., Hussain, Shahadat., & Pandey, Abhishek., (2015). “Role of alloying additions on the properties of Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloys”. Journal of Alloys and Compounds (JALCOM), Vol. 620, pp. 60–66.

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Review Paper

A Review on Critical Aspects of the Burnishing Process

Manish Kapoor* , C. S. Jawalkar **

* PG Student, Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India.

** Assistant Professor, Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India.

Kapoor, M., and Jawalkar, C. S. (2016). A Review on Critical Aspects of the Burnishing Process. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 3(4), 44-52. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.3.4.4827

Abstract

Burnishing is defined as a low-cost chipless finishing process, which can be effectively used to improve the surface roughness and surface micro hardness. The present paper presents a review on “Process Parameters and uses of the Roller Burnishing Process”. A roller tool is used to perform the roller burnishing process using different process parameters, which can be optimized to improve the surface roughness and hardness, resulting in the improvement of certain physical and mechanical properties, such as corrosion, wear, fatigue resistance, etc. Roller burnishing is an economical process as it doesn't require skilled operators. The present paper is a review of the different techniques, which has been used recently.

References

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[2]. Hassan, A.M., (1997). “The effects of ball and roller burnishing on the surface roughness and hardness of some nonferrous metals”. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 72, pp. 385-391.

[3]. M.M. El-Khabeery, & M.H. El-Axir,(2003). “Influence of orthogonal burnishing parameters on sur face characteristics for various materials”. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 132, pp. 82–89.

[4]. Yinggang Tian, & Yung C. Shin,(2007). “Laser-assisted burnishing of metals”. International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, Vol. 47, pp.14–22.

[5]. A. Stoic, I. Lackovic, J. Kopac, I. Samardzic, & D. Kozak, (2010). “An Investigation of Machining Efficiency of Internal Roller Burnishing”. Journal of Achievements in Material and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 188-194.

[6]. N.S.M. El-Tayeb, K.O. Low, & P.V. Brevern,(2007). “Influence of Roller Burnishing Contact Width and Burnishing Orientation on Surface Quality and Tribological Behavior of Aluminium 6061”. Journal of Material Processing Technology, Vol. 186, pp. 272-278.

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[9]. Nikunj K Patel, Kiran A Patel, & Disha B. Patel (2013). “Parametric Optimization of process parameters for Roller Burnishing Process”. International Journal for Research and Development , Vol. 2(2), pp. 53-56.

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[11]. B. B. Ahuja, & U. M. Shirsat, (2004). “Parametric Analysis of Combined Turning and Ball Burnishing Process”. Indian Journal of Engineering & Material Science, Vol. 11, pp. 391-396.

[12]. Tadeusz Hryniewicz, & Krzysztof Rokosz, (2005). “Corrosion behavior of c45 carbon steel after roller burnishing”. Hradec and Moravici. Metal, Vol. 5, pp.24-26.

[13]. Taylan Altan, Partchapol Sartkulvanich, Ibrahim Al- Zkeri, & Hyunjoong Cho, (2006). “Status of FEM Modeling in Cutting and Roller Burnishing”. A Workshop on Computer Simulation in Hard Turning and High Performance Machining, Columbus, Ohio.

[14]. S. Thamizhmanii, B. Saparudin, & S. Hasan, (2007). “A study of multi-roller burnishing on non-ferrous metals”. Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 22, pp. 95-98.

[15]. S. Thamizhmanii, B. Bin Omar, S. Saparudin, & S. Hasan, (2008). “Surface roughness investigation and hardness by burnishing on titanium alloy”. Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 28, pp.139-142.

[16]. P. Ravindra Babu, T Siva Prasad, A V S Raju, & A Jawahar Babu, (2008). “Effects of internal roller burnishing on surface roughness and surface hardness of mild steel”. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, Vol. 68, pp.29- 31.

[17]. Binu C. Yeldose, & B. Ramamoorthy, (2008). “An Investigation into the High Performance of Tin-coated Rollers in Burnishing Process”. Journal of Material Processing Technology, Vol. 207, pp. 350-355.

[18]. Ubeidulla Al-Qawabeha, AimanEid Al-Rawajfeh, & Ehab Al-Shamaileh, (2009). “Influence of roller burnishing on surface properties and corrosion resistance in steel”. Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Vol. 56, pp.261-265.

[19]. F. Klocke, V. Bäcker, H. Wegner, & A. Timmer, (2009a). “Innovative Fe-analysis of the roller burnishing process for different geometries”. In Proceeding(s) of the International Conference on Computational Plasticity, CIMNE.

[20]. Fritz Klocke, Vladimir Backer, Hagen Wegner, Bjorn Feldhaus, Hans Uwe Baron, & Roland Hessert, (2009). “Influence of process and geometry parameters on the surface layer state after roller burnishing of IN718”. German Academic Society for Production Engineering DOI 10.1007/s1 1740-009-0182-0, pp.13-21.

[21]. Iolanda Elena Manole, & Gheorghe Nagi, (2011). “Feed rate influence on burnishing degree in ceramic ball-burnishing process”. Academic Journal of Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 9, pp. 55-60.

[22]. Prafulla Chaudhari, G.K. Awari, & S.S. Khandare, (2011). “Investigation on Micro and Macro Properties of Ball Burnished Components”. VSRD Technical & Non-Technical Journal, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp.137-143.

[23]. Khalid. S. Rababa & Mayas Mohammad Al-mahasn, (2011). “Effect of Roller Burnishing on the Mechanical Behaviour and Surface Quality of O1 Alloy Steel”. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 227-233.

[24]. A. Nestler & A. Schubert, (2015). “Effect of machining parameters on surface properties in slide diamond burnishing of aluminium matrix composites”. Materials Today: Proceedings 2S (2015) S156 – S161, Elsevier Ltd.

[25]. Shu Yang, Domenico Umbrello, Oscar W. Dillon Jr., David A. Puleo, & I.S. Jawahir, (2015). “Cryogenic cooling effect on surface and subsurface microstructural modifications in burnishing of Co-Cr-Mo biomaterial”. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 217, pp. 211–221.

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Volume 3 Issue 4 January - March 2016 [Open Access]

Graphene: A Rock Star Nano-Sized Material

Maninder Kaur*

*Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, D.A.V. College Amritsar, Punjab, India.

Kaur, M. (2016). Graphene: A Rock Star Nano-Sized Material. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 3(4), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.3.4.4822

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Technology Forecast for Composite Materials in Product Design

Tom Page*

*Senior Lecturer, Loughborough Design School, United Kingdom.

Page, T. (2016). Technology Forecast for Composite Materials in Product Design. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 3(4), 5-19. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.3.4.4823

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Effect of Addition of Transition Metal Oxides on the Optical and Structural Properties of Phosphate Glasses

Manpreet Kaur*

*Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, DAV College, Amritsar, Punjab, India.

Kaur, M. (2016). Effect of Addition of Transition Metal Oxides on the Optical and Structural Properties of Phosphate Glasses. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 3(4), 20-27. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.3.4.4824

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Effect of Donor Number of Plasticizers on Conductivity of Polymer Electrolytes Containing NH4F

Shuchi Sharma* , Naresh Dhiman**, Dinesh Pathak***, Dr. Rajiv Kumar****

Sharma, S., Dhiman,N., Pathak, D., and Kumar, R. (2016). Effect of Donor Number of Plasticizers on Conductivity of Polymer Electrolytes Containing NH4F. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 3(4), 28-34. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.3.4.4825

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Effect of Mn Content on the Properties Affecting Shape Memory Behaviour of Cu-12Al-4Ni-10Zn Alloy

Rupa Dasgupta* , Ashish Kumar Jain**, Shahadat Hussain***, Abhishek Pandey****, V. Sampath*****

Dasgupta, R., Jain, A. K., Hussain, S., Pandey, A., and Sampath, V. (2016). Effect of Mn Content on the Properties Affecting Shape Memory Behaviour of Cu-12Al-4Ni-10Zn Alloy. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 3(4), 35-43. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.3.4.4826

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A Review on Critical Aspects of the Burnishing Process

Manish Kapoor* , C. S. Jawalkar **

* PG Student, Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India. ** Assistant Professor, Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India.

Kapoor, M., and Jawalkar, C. S. (2016). A Review on Critical Aspects of the Burnishing Process. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 3(4), 44-52. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.3.4.4827

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

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Effect of Donor Number of Plasticizers on Conductivity of Polymer Electrolytes Containing NH₄F

Shuchi Sharma* , Naresh Dhiman, Dinesh Pathak*, Dr. Rajiv Kumar****

Sharma, S., Dhiman,N., Pathak, D., and Kumar, R. (2016). Effect of Donor Number of Plasticizers on Conductivity of Polymer Electrolytes Containing NH₄F. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 3(4), 28-34. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.3.4.4825

Rupa Dasgupta* , Ashish Kumar Jain, Shahadat Hussain, Abhishek Pandey, V. Sampath

* PG Student, Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India.

** Assistant Professor, Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India.