i-manager Publications

Volume 17 Issue 2 October - December 2023

Research Paper

A Multichannel Pulse Power Supply for Pulsed RF Amplifiers

Akhilesh Tripathi* , M. K. Badapanda, Rinki Upadhyay, Sachin Rathi, Mahendra Lad

,-* RRCAT, Indore, India.

RF Power Supplies Section, RFSD, RRCAT, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Tripathi, A., Badapanda, M. K., Upadhyay, R., Rathi, S., and Lad, M. (2023). A Multichannel Pulse Power Supply for Pulsed RF Amplifiers. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 17(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.17.2.20231

Abstract

A novel 50 V, 40 x 80 A multichannel pulse power supply, consisting of 40 numbers of 50 V, 80 A pulsed output channels for biasing pulsed RF amplifiers, is presented in this manuscript. It employs an FPGA based control and protection unit for generating drive pulses of each pulsed output channel as well as for their protection. This control unit has capability to vary the pulse width of drive pulses of pulsed output channels from 150 µs to 2 ms and frequency from 1 Hz to 50 Hz. The PSpice simulation of individual 50 V, 80 A pulsed output channel has been carried out and simulations results are also presented. Efforts have been put to minimize the inductance in the power paths of all the pulsed output channels and maintain synchronism among them. All the output channels have been simultaneously tested on dummy resistive load at 80 A peak current, 2 ms pulse width and 50 Hz switching frequency. The rise time and fall times of output pulses are observed as < 10 µs and pulse droop is observed as < 1%. The jitter between different output pulses is observed as 60 ns.

References

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[3]. Deo, R. K., Anghore, G., Jain, M. K., & Lad, M. (2018). Design and development of 3 kW pulsed solid-state RF power amplifier using two LDMOS in parallel configuration at 1 MHz. Journal of Instrumentation, 13(12), T12002.

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Research Paper

Design and Analysis of PV-Based ZETA Converter for EV Charging

Jagadeesh*

Sri Venkateswara University College of Engineering, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Jagadeesh. (2023). Design and Analysis of PV-Based ZETA Converter for EV Charging. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 17(2), 10-17. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.17.2.20258

Abstract

Conversion of Energy plays a crucial role in present-day and requires efficient converter systems. In the conversion of energy process either AC can be converted to DC or DC can be converted to AC. The conversion of energy is done by Power electronic converters which play a key role in photovoltaic systems that are integrated with energy storage systems such as batteries. These converters allow efficient charging and discharging of batteries, voltage regulation, and synchronization with the grid. DC to DC conversion requires DC to DC converters. To obtain the maximum power from the converter the switching of the power electronics device plays a major role by controlling the time duration of the switch and the output power can be maximized. In this work particle swarm metaheuristic algorithm is used to generate the duty ratio and a PWM pulse generator is used to generate the triggering pulses for the switch. A detailed analysis of the ZETA converter is done with PV as input and EV as application. A 5-by-5 PV system with a Zeta converter is simulated in a MATLAB environment. The simulation results show that the ripples in output are minimal which supports the smooth and efficient charging of EV battery which promotes the use of clean energy.

References

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[5]. Jagadeesh, K., & Chengaiah, C. (2022, September). A comprehensive review-Partial shading issues in PV system. In AIP Conference Proceedings. AIP Publishing.

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[8]. Mohapatra, A., Nayak, B., Das, P., & Mohanty, K. B. (2017). A review on MPPT techniques of PV system under partial shading condition. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 80, 854-867.

[9]. Reddy, B.V., & Chengaiah, C. (2023). A modified P&O technique for solar based EV charging with SEPIC. In 2023 Fifth International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Technologies (ICECCT). RsesearchGate.

[10]. Shi, J. Y., Zhang, D. Y., Xue, F., Li, Y. J., Qiao, W., Yang, W. J., & Yang, T. (2019). Moth-flame optimization-based maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic systems under partial shading conditions. Journal of Power Electronics, 19(5), 1248-1258.

[11]. Tobón, A., Peláez-Restrepo, J., Villegas-Ceballos, J. P., Serna-Garcés, S. I., Herrera, J., & Ibeas, A. (2017). Maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic panels by using improved pattern search methods. Energies, 10(9), 1316.

[12]. Vazquez, L., Majanne, Y., Castro, M., Luukkanen, J., Hohmeyer, O., Vilaragut, M., & Diaz, D. (2018). Energy system planning towards renewable power system: Energy matrix change in Cuba by 2030. IFACPapersOnLine, 51(28), 522-527.

[13]. Yang, Y., Kim, K. A., Blaabjerg, F., & Sangwongwanich, A. (2018). Advances in GridConnected Photovoltaic Power Conversion Systems. Woodhead Publishing.

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Research Paper

Simulation and Analysis of Single Phase Bidirectional Totem Pole On-Board Charger

Khadim Moin Siddiqui* , Yash Verma, Shambhavi Tiwari*, Brijesh Kumar**, Manish Kumar*, Raman Kumar****

*-****** Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, S. R. Institute of Management & Technology, Lucknow, India.

Siddiqui, K. M., Verma, Y., Tiwari, S., Kumar, B., Kumar, M., and Kumar, R. (2023). Simulation and Analysis of Single Phase Bidirectional Totem Pole On-Board Charger. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 17(2), 18-26. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.17.2.20400

Abstract

In the contemporary era, the global rise of two-wheeler electric vehicles has become pivotal for sustainable development and energy conservation. The necessity for an efficient and effective charger for these vehicles is evident. While numerous two-wheeler electric vehicle chargers are available in the market, this research paper introduces a novel on-board charger tailored specifically for two-wheeler vehicles. The proposed charger integrates totem pole ACDC converter and DC-DC converter to achieve unity power factor and ensure constant current battery charging, thereby enhancing overall efficiency. The incorporation of these converters not only improves charging performance but also facilitates a higher degree of energy conservation. This paper delves into the simulation and analysis of this innovative two-wheeler electric vehicle charger. The use of both converters is instrumental in minimizing harmonics injected into the grid, contributing to enhanced grid compliance. The presented findings suggest that chargers of this nature are poised to gain popularity in future, addressing the growing demand for efficient and sustainable charging solutions for two wheeler electric vehicles.

References

[1]. Dini, P., Saponara, S., & Colicelli, A. (2023). Overview on battery charging systems for electric vehicles. Electronics, 12(20), 4295.

[2]. El Idrissi, Z., El Fadil, H., Belhaj, F. Z., Lassioui, A., Gaouzi, K., & Bentalhik, I. (2022). Real-time implementation of adaptive nonlinear control of BuckBoost DC-DC power converter with a continuous input current for fuel cell energy sources. IFAC-Papers OnLine, 55(12), 420-425.

[3]. Gupta, J., Maurya, R., & Arya, S. R. (2020). On board electric vehicle battery charger with improved power quality and reduced switching stress. IET Power Electronics, 13(13), 2885-2894.

[4]. Gupta, J., Maurya, R., & Arya, S. R. (2023). Designing an On-board Charger to Efficiently Charge Multiple Electric Vehicles. Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering, 9(2), 38-56.

[5]. Itoh, K., Ishigaki, M., Kikuchi, N., Harada, T., & Sugiyama, T. (2020, March). A single-stage rectifier with interleaved totem-pole PFC and dual active bridge (DAB) converter for PHEV/BEV on-board charger. In 2020 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) (pp. 1936-1941). IEEE.

[6]. Jacques, S., Reymond, C., Benabdelaziz, G., & Le Bunetel, J. C. (2017, April). A relevant inrush current limitation based on SCRs' smart control used in EV battery chargers. In International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality (ICREPQ'17).

[7]. Kumar, V., & Yi, K. (2022). Single-phase, Bidirectional, 7.7 kW Totem Pole on-board charging/discharging infrastructure. Applied Sciences, 12(4), 2236.

[8]. Ramaiaha, A. B., Maurya, R., & Arya, S. R. (2018). Bidirectional converter for electric vehicle battery charging with power quality features. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, 28(9), e2589.

[9]. Tang, Y., Ding, W., & Khaligh, A. (2016, March). A bridgeless totem-pole interleaved PFC converter for plugin electric vehicles. In 2016 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) (pp. 440-445). IEEE.

[10]. Zhu, X., Wu, Y., Tan, J., Chen, C., Xue, G., Xu, Z., & Sun, J. (2024). Optimized control strategy of totem-pole PFC converter based on two-stage charger. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2683(1), 012028. IOP Publishing.

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Research Paper

IOT-Based Smart Plant Monitoring System using NodeMCU

Kunal Kumar Sahu* , Suyash Kumar, Abhinay Taram, Danendra Kumar Rana, Naushin Anjum

*-***** Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bhilai Institute of Technology, Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India.

Sahu, K. K., Kumar, S., Taram, A., Rana, D. K., and Anjum, N. (2023). IOT-Based Smart Plant Monitoring System using NodeMCU. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 17(2), 27-34. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.17.2.20483

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming the agriculture industry and enabling farmers to contend with the enormous challenges they face. Livestock monitoring, conservation monitoring, and plant & soil monitoring are the challenges for which IoT can provide solutions. Innovative IoT applications address agricultural issues, enhancing the quality, quantity, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness of production. Today's large and local farms can leverage IoT to remotely monitor sensors detecting soil moisture, crop growth, pests, and control smart connected harvesters and irrigation equipment. This paper aims to monitor soil parameters such as moisture, temperature, and electrical conductivity, and automate the irrigation process. Decision-making is executed through a microcontroller. Users are notified via android apps when there are deviations from expected values, ensuring system health. Greenhouses are controlled environments for plant growth. The main aim of this paper is to design a simple, low-cost, IoT-based system to continuously monitor and control environmental parameters to achieve optimal plant growth and yield.

References

[1]. Ali, M., Kanwal, N., Hussain, A., Samiullah, F., Iftikhar, A., & Qamar, M. (2020). IoT based smart garden monitoring system using NodeMCU microcontroller. International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences, 7(8), 117-124.

[2]. Divani, D., Patil, P., & Punjabi, S. K. (2016, April). Automated plant watering system. In 2016 International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy Information and Commuincation (ICCPEIC) (pp. 180- 182). IEEE.

[3]. Drakshayani, S., LaksmiManjusha, Y., Ramadevi, P., Madhuravani, V., & Suguna, K. R. (2022, March). Smart plant monitoring system using NodeMCU. In 2022 International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems (ICEARS) (pp. 525-530). IEEE.

[4]. Gupta, A., Kumawat, S., & Garg, S. (2016). Automatic plant watering system. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 2(4), 1123-1127.

[5]. Kohli, A., Kohli, R., Singh, B., & Singh, J. (2020). Smart plant monitoring system using IoT technology. In Handbook of Research on the Internet of Things Applications in Robotics and Automation (pp. 318-366). IGI Global.

[6]. Kumar, M. K., & Krishna, H. (2018). IoT based smart plant monitoring system. Int. J. Adv. Res. Sci. Eng, 7, 409-413.

[7]. Singh, S. A. J., Raviram, P., & ShanthoshKumar, K. (2014, March). Embedded based green house monitoring system using PIC microcontroller. In 2014 International Conference on Green Computing Communication and Electrical Engineering (ICGCCEE) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.

[8]. Thamaraimanalan, T., Vivekk, S. P., Satheeshkumar, G., & Saravanan, P. (2018). Smart garden monitoring system using IoT. Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology (AJAST), 2(2), 186-192.

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Review Paper

Review on Multi Bit Flip-Flop Enhanced Shift Register: A Low Power Solution for UART

Swathi Prabhu* , Unnathi H. R., Chethan B. R., Tejaswini R., Vaishnavi A. O.

*-***** Electronics & Communication Engineering, PES Institute of Technology and Management, India.

Prabhu, S., Unnathi, H. R., Chethan, B. R., Tejaswini, R., and Vaishnavi, A. O. (2023). Review on Multi Bit Flip-Flop Enhanced Shift Register: A Low Power Solution for UART. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 17(2), 35-39. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.17.2.20432

Abstract

This paper details the Verilog HDL- based design of UART modules. Developing UART with a shift register utilizing multibit flip-flops proves to be pragmatic strategy for contemporary VLSI circuits. This work supports not only asynchronous and serial communication but also aligns with essential objectives of minimizing power consumption and reducing overall circuit area. Such integration enhances data transmission efficiency while meeting crucial design considerations in modern electronics.

References

[1]. Cai, C., Liu, T., Zhao, P., Fan, X., Huang, H., Li, D., Ke, L., He, Z., Xu, L., Chen, J., & Liu, J. (2019). Multiple layouthardening comparison of SEU-mitigated filp-flops in 22- nm UTBB FD-SOI technology. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 67(1), 374-381.

[2]. Ghose, P., Rahman, M. N., Polash, M. M. A., & Acharjee, U. K. (2018, September). Design of reversible shift registers minimizing number of gates, constant inputs and garbage outputs. In 2018 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI) (pp. 752-758). IEEE.

[3]. Javeed, M. (2015). Design of shift register based on multi bit flip flop for universal asynchronous receiver and transmitter. International Journal of Engineering Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJERECE), 1(7), 42-45.

[4]. Morrison, D., Delic, D., Yuce, M. R., & Redouté, J. M. (2018). Multistage linear feedback shift register counters with reduced decoding logic in 130-nm CMOS for largescale array applications. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, 27(1), 103-115.

[5]. Sung, G. M., Tung, L. F., Huang, C. J., & Yu, C. P. (2023). Front-end gateway system with serial communication protocol conversion and edge computing platforms. IEEE Access, 11, 93193-93203.

[6]. Tanaka, H., & Tadokoro, Y. (2021). Shift register with coupled bidirectional bifurcation amplifiers. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 69(3), 1712-1716.

[7]. Woo, K. C., Kang, H. J., & Yang, B. D. (2019). Low-area and low-power latch-based thermometer-code shiftregister. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 67(10), 2119-2123.

[8]. Zhang, X. (2018). A low-power parallel architecture for linear feedback shift registers. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 66(3), 412-416.

i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering (JEE)

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Volume 17 Issue 2 October - December 2023

A Multichannel Pulse Power Supply for Pulsed RF Amplifiers

Akhilesh Tripathi* , M. K. Badapanda**, Rinki Upadhyay***, Sachin Rathi****, Mahendra Lad*****

*,***-***** RRCAT, Indore, India. ** RF Power Supplies Section, RFSD, RRCAT, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Tripathi, A., Badapanda, M. K., Upadhyay, R., Rathi, S., and Lad, M. (2023). A Multichannel Pulse Power Supply for Pulsed RF Amplifiers. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 17(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.17.2.20231

Abstract

References

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Design and Analysis of PV-Based ZETA Converter for EV Charging

Jagadeesh*

Sri Venkateswara University College of Engineering, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Jagadeesh. (2023). Design and Analysis of PV-Based ZETA Converter for EV Charging. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 17(2), 10-17. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.17.2.20258

Abstract

References

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Simulation and Analysis of Single Phase Bidirectional Totem Pole On-Board Charger

Khadim Moin Siddiqui* , Yash Verma**, Shambhavi Tiwari***, Brijesh Kumar****, Manish Kumar*****, Raman Kumar******

*-****** Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, S. R. Institute of Management & Technology, Lucknow, India.

Siddiqui, K. M., Verma, Y., Tiwari, S., Kumar, B., Kumar, M., and Kumar, R. (2023). Simulation and Analysis of Single Phase Bidirectional Totem Pole On-Board Charger. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 17(2), 18-26. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.17.2.20400

Abstract

References

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IOT-Based Smart Plant Monitoring System using NodeMCU

Kunal Kumar Sahu* , Suyash Kumar**, Abhinay Taram***, Danendra Kumar Rana****, Naushin Anjum*****

*-***** Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bhilai Institute of Technology, Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India.

Sahu, K. K., Kumar, S., Taram, A., Rana, D. K., and Anjum, N. (2023). IOT-Based Smart Plant Monitoring System using NodeMCU. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 17(2), 27-34. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.17.2.20483

Abstract

References

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Review on Multi Bit Flip-Flop Enhanced Shift Register: A Low Power Solution for UART

Swathi Prabhu* , Unnathi H. R.**, Chethan B. R.***, Tejaswini R.****, Vaishnavi A. O.*****

*-***** Electronics & Communication Engineering, PES Institute of Technology and Management, India.

Prabhu, S., Unnathi, H. R., Chethan, B. R., Tejaswini, R., and Vaishnavi, A. O. (2023). Review on Multi Bit Flip-Flop Enhanced Shift Register: A Low Power Solution for UART. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 17(2), 35-39. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.17.2.20432

Abstract

References

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Akhilesh Tripathi* , M. K. Badapanda, Rinki Upadhyay, Sachin Rathi, Mahendra Lad

,-* RRCAT, Indore, India.

RF Power Supplies Section, RFSD, RRCAT, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Khadim Moin Siddiqui* , Yash Verma, Shambhavi Tiwari*, Brijesh Kumar**, Manish Kumar*, Raman Kumar****

Kunal Kumar Sahu* , Suyash Kumar, Abhinay Taram, Danendra Kumar Rana, Naushin Anjum

Swathi Prabhu* , Unnathi H. R., Chethan B. R., Tejaswini R., Vaishnavi A. O.