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i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering (JEE)

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PV-grid Performance improvement through Integrated Intelligent Water Drop Optimization with Neural Network for Maximum Power Point Tracking
A Digital Healthcare Monitoring System with Real-Time Analysis
Advancements in Smart Meter Design and Integration for Enhanced Energy Management and Efficiency
Electric Vehicles in Modern Transportation: Environmental Impacts, Configurations, and Future Trends – A Review
GTO Technique Based Hybrid Power System Controller Design

Most Cited

Volume 13 Issue 3 January - March 2020

Research Paper

Comparative Analysis of Mitigation Methods for Overvoltage in Adjustable Speed Drive

Rashmi B.* , Chandrashekhar Badachi**

*-** Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, MS Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Rashmi, B., & Badachi, C. (2020). Comparative Analysis of Mitigation Methods for Overvoltage in Adjustable Speed Drive, i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering, 13(3), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.13.3.14749

Abstract

Many of the industrial applications require long power cables to connect the motor and Adjustable Speed Drive (ASD). The Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) inverter output voltage pulses and long cable length connecting the motor and ASD are the typical causes of over voltage inside drive. This high inverter output voltage (dv/dt) pulses and the impedance mismatch between motor and cable causes voltage reflection phenomenon. The reflected pulse creates over voltage condition that causes voltage stress inside the drive. This paper presents comparative study of over voltage mitigating methods for ASD, which includes RC clamp circuit method and LC filter method. The effectiveness of the clamp circuit method and LC filter method is verified by MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation. From the results obtained, it can be seen that the increase in length of cable increases over voltage and also RC clamp circuit is the simple and effective way to mitigate the overvoltage.

References

[1]. Habetler, T. G., Naik, R., & Nondahl, T. A. (2002). Design and implementation of an inverter output LC filter used for dv/dt reduction. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 17(3), 327-331. https://doi.org /10.1109/TPEL.2002.1004240

[2]. Jiang, Y., Wu, W., He, Y., Chung, H. S. H., & Blaabjerg, F. (2016). New passive filter design method for overvoltage suppression and bearing currents mitigation in a long cable based PWM inverter-fed motor drive system. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 32(10), 7882-7893. https://doi.org/10.1 109/TPEL.2016.2639024

[3]. Kerkman, R. J., Leggate, D., & Skibinski, G. L. (1997). Interaction of drive modulation and cable parameters on AC motor transients. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 33(3), 722-731. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/28.58 5863

[4]. Kim, H. J., Lee, G. H., Jang, C. H., & Lee, J. P. (2001). Cost-effective design of an inverter output reactor in ASD applications. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 48(6), 1128-1135. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/41.969391

[5]. Larsson, C., Rydgård, A., Mademlis, G., Liu, Y., & Fredriksson, M. (2019, September). Overvoltage mitigation of medium voltage electric drives with long cables using multilevel-converters and passive filters. In 2019 21st European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'19 ECCE Europe) (pp. 1-10). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE.2019.8915441

[6]. Lee, S., & Nam, K. (2002). An overvoltage suppression scheme for AC motor drives using a half DC-link voltage level at each PWM transition. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 49(3), 549-557. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.20 02.1005379

[7]. Lee, S., & Nam, K. (2004). Overvoltage suppression filter design methods based on voltage reflection theory. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 19(2), 264-271. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2003.820538

[8]. Mirafzal, B., Skibinski, G. L., Tallam, R. M., Schlegel, D. W., & Lukaszewski, R. A. (2007). Universal induction motor model with low-to-high frequency-response characteristics. IEEE Transactions on Industr y Applications, 43(5), 1233-1246. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/TIA.2007.904401

[9]. Ruffo, R., Guglielmi, P., & Armando, E. (2019). Inverter side rl filter precise design for motor overvoltage mitigation in sic-based drives. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 67(2), 863-873. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/TIE.20 19.2898623

[10]. Skibinski, G., Kerkman, R., Leggate, D., Pankau, J., & Schlegel, D. (1998, February). Reflected wave modeling techniques for PWM AC motor drives. In APEC'98 Thirteenth Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (Vol. 2, pp. 1021-1029). IEEE. https:// doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1998.654023

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Research Paper

Power Generation Module from Exhaust Gas

M. Santhosh * , Sankari Ashok Alshiya , J. Shidharth *, V. K. Santhosh ****

*-**** Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Valliammai Engineering College, Chennai, India.

Santhosh, M., Alshiya, S. A., Shidharth, J., & Santhosh, V. K. (2020). Power Generation Module from Exhaust Gas, i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering, 13(3), 10-15. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.13.3.16740

Abstract

Loss of energy is generally transferred to the atmosphere on any physical, chemical or mechanical change by any process engine. On any mechanical engine that uses fuel, flue gas is emitted after combustion. This can be used as an input for generating electricity. The idea is that when the exhaust gas is made to hit the turbine placed near to it, tends to rotate. This rotational movement is converted into electric power by using direct current (DC) generator. The material for the turbine should be good enough to withstand the force, chemicals and heat emitted through the exhaust gas. To avoid slippages the turbine and the shaft should be fitted with appropriate couplings. The generated electricity is used to power the Day time Running Lights (DRL, which is mandatory according to Bharat Stage Emission Standards (BSES) – IV norms for all vehicles.

References

[1]. Ganesan, V. (2009). Internal Combustion Engines (3rd ed). Tata McGraw-hill Publication.

[2]. Guduru, K. K., & Ipak, Y. K. (2015). Power Generation by Exhaust Gases On Diesel Engine. International Journal of Research and Computational Technology, 7(5), 6-13.

[3]. Kee, R. J., O'Reilly, P. G., Fleck, R., & McEntee, P. T. (1998). Measurement of exhaust gas temperatures in a high performance two-stroke engine. Journal of Engines, 107(3), 2413-2423. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44736701

[4]. Khurmi, R. (2005). Theory of Machines (14 ed). S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New Dehli.

[5]. Kumar, S. V., Singh, A. K., Sabu, A., & Farhan, M. (2015). Generation of electricity by using exhaust from bike. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 4(6), 1877-1884.

[6]. Patil, D., & Arakerimath, R. R. (2013). A review of thermoelectric generator for waste heat recovery from engine exhaust. International Journal of Research in Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering, 1(8), 1-9.

[7]. Ramade, P., Patil, P., Shelar, M., Chaudhary, S., Yadav, S., & Trimbake, S. (2014). Automobile exhaust thermoelectric generator design & performance analysis. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 4(5), 682-691.

[8]. Saidur, R. (2010). A review on electrical motors energy use and energy savings. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(3), 877-898. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.rser.2009.10.018

[9]. Saidur, R., Atabani, A. E., & Mekhilef, S. (2011). A review on electrical and thermal energy for industries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(4), 2073-2086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.01.008

[10]. Saidur, R., Jahirul, M. I., Hasanuzzaman, M., & Masjuki, H. H. (2008). Analysis of exhaust emissions of natural gas engine by using response surface methodology. Journal of Applied Sciences, 8(19), 3328- 3339.

[11]. Saidur, R., Rezaei, M., Muzammil, W. K., Hassan, M. H., Paria, S., & Hasanuzzaman, M. (2012). Technologies to recover exhaust heat from internal combustion engines. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(8), 5649- 5659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.05.018

[12]. Saqr, M. E. D. M., &Mohammed, K. (2008). Design and simulation of an exhaust based thermoelectric generator (TEG) for waste heat recovery in passenger vehicles (Masters thesis). Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia. Retrieved from http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/10 048/

[13]. Shu, G., Liang, Y., Wei, H., Tian, H., Zhao, J., & Liu, L. (2013). A review of waste heat recovery on two-stroke IC engine aboard ships. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 19, 385-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.1 1.034

[14]. Venkatesh, J., Kumar, K. R., Karthikeyan, G., Kavin, R., Raja, K.S.V.G. (2018). Generating electricity by using exhaust gas. International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, 8(4), 16904-16907.

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Research Paper

Fractional Order Control of Multilevel Boost Converter for Photovoltoic System

V. Anil Kumar* , M. Arounassalame **

*-** Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Pondicherry, India.

Kumar, V. A., & Arounassalame, M. (2020). Fractional Order Control of Multilevel Boost Converter for Photovoltoic System, i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering, 13(3), 16-23. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.13.3.16773

Abstract

This paper presents a novel control scheme based on the fractional order PI controller for a high gain multilevel boost converter. Non-conventional energy resources such as solar PV cells produce DC output voltages, which are continuously change with weather conditions. It is necessary to obtain a constant DC voltage from such systems to use them for battery charging applications. The voltage gain obtained using the traditional boost converter is very limited. Switched capacitor circuit can act as a multiplier circuit and can be combined with boost converters to increase the gain. Even though the output voltage from this converter meets the requirement of high output voltage, but heavy fluctuations in the solar energy makes this system inefficient to use for battery charging applications where a constant DC voltage is required. In this paper, a control scheme is proposed for this high gain multilevel boost converter circuit using Fractional Order PI (FOPI) controller. Modeling of the high gain boost converter is required for the design of fractional order controller. A reduced order model is developed for the high gain DC-DC converter and the transfer function is obtained from this. The parameters of the FOPI controller are designed using the fractional order toolbox FOMCON. The performance of the proposed converter is compared with the conventional PI controller and the superiority of the proposed converter was proved in terms of bench mark performance measures. The simulation was carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK and the fractional order toolbox FOMCON is used to design and simulate the FOPI controller.

References

[1]. Aleksei, T., Eduard, P., & Juri, B. (2012, July). A flexible MATLAB tool for optimal fractional-order PID controller design subject to specifications. In Proceedings of the 31st Chinese Control Conference (pp. 4698-4703). IEEE.

[2]. Bulla, L., & Nattarasu, V. (2016). Comparison of different control techniques for three level DC-DC boost converter. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 3(7), 483-488.

[3]. Chen, Y., Petras, I., & Xue, D. (2009, June). Fractional order control-a tutorial. In 2009 American Control Conference (pp. 1397-1411). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1 109/ACC.2009.5160719

[4]. Kasper, M., Bortis, D., & Kolar, J. W. (2013). Classification and comparative evaluation of PV panelintegrated DC–DC converter concepts. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 29(5), 2511-2526. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/TPEL.2013.2273399

[5]. Mayo-Maldonado, J. C., Rosas-Caro, J. C., Salas- Cabrera, R., González-Rodriguez, A., Ruíz-Martínez, O. F., Castillo-Gutiérrez, R., Castillo-Ibarra, J. R.,& Cisneros- Villegas, H. (2010, February). State space modeling and control of the dc-dc multilevel boost converter. In 2010 20th International Conference on Electronics Communications and Computers (CONIELECOMP) (pp. 232-236). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CONIELECOMP.20 10.5440763

[6]. Mayo-Maldonado, J. C., Salas-Cabrera, R., Rosas- Caro, J. C., De Leon-Morales, J., & Salas-Cabrera, E. N. (2011). Modelling and control of a DC–DC multilevel boost converter. IET Power Electronics, 4(6), 693-700. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2010.0191

[7]. Ramu, G., Nagesh Kumar, G. V., & Dharma Raj, C. H. (2016). Performance analysis of boost fed DC drive under load uncertainties. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(45), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst% 2F2016%2Fv9i45%2F103878

[8]. Ren, H. P., Fan, J. T., & Kaynak, O. (2018). Optimal design of a fractional-order proportional-integerdifferential controller for a pneumatic position servo system. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 66(8), 6220-6229. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2018.2870412

[9]. Rosas-Caro, J. C., Ramirez, J. M., Peng, F. Z., & Valderrabano, A. (2010). A DC–DC multilevel boost converter. IET Power Electronics, 3(1), 129-137.

[10]. Sathya, P., & Natarajan, R. (2013). Design and implementation of 12V/24V closed loop boost converter for solar powered LED lighting system. International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET), 5(1), 254-264.

[11]. Sharma, P., Kumar, P., Sharma, H., & Pal, N. (2018). Closed loop controlled boost converter using a PID controller for solar wind power system installation. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(2.8), 255-260.https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.8.10420

[12]. Singh, S. N. (2017). Selection of non-isolated DC-DC converters for solar photovoltaic system. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 76, 1230-1247. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.130

[13]. Talati, J. (2014). Design and simulation of closed loop boost converter for voltage regulation of PV system. National Conference On Emerging Trends In Computer & Electrical Engineering (ETCEE). http://hdl.handle.net/1 23456789/1981

[14]. Tepljakov, A., Petlenkov, E., & Belikov, J. (2011). FOMCOM: A MATLAB toolbox for fractional-order system identification and control. International Journal of Microelectronics and computer science, 2(2), 51-62.

[15]. Villarruel-Parra, A., & Forsyth, A. J. (2016). Enhanced average-value modeling of interleaved DC–DC converters using sampler decomposition. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 32(3), 2290-2299. https://doi.org/10.1109/ TPEL.2016.2559449

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Research Paper

Hybrid PV and Wind Based Energy Optimized Control Scheme by Using FACTS and PSO Technique

Krishna Sarker* , Tanmoy Chakraborty , Sayan Paramanik *, Jayanti Sarker **, Satadal Mal *, Utpal Biswas ****

*,** Department of Electrical Engineering, Techno India Group, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Saroj Mohan Institute of Technology, Hooghly, West Bengal, India

* Autometers Alliance Ltd., Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

* Department of Electrical Engineering, Kalyani Government Engineering College, Kalyani, Nadia, India.

**** Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Kalyani, Nadia, India.

Sarker, K., Chakraborty, T., Paramanik, S., Sarker, J., Mal, S., & Biswas, U. (2020). Hybrid PV and Wind Based Energy Optimized Control Scheme by using Facts and PSO Technique, i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering, 13(3), 24-37. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.13.3.16784

Abstract

Nowadays, due to various types of load variation in power grid makes the stability issues. This paper represents a PV-Wind based hybrid system connected to a Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) controller with Micro-grid (MG), which is controlled by three-phase Multilevel Inverter (MLI) using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. Solar cells are connected in series or parallel to built-in PV array. A battery or super capacitor is used to store the generated energy that supplies the voltage to three-phase inverter during the deficiency of sunlight and wind. MPPT controller is connected, which is capable of extracting maximum power from PV array. The proposed technique can efficiently mitigate the power quality problem, for example, voltage interruption, sag, swell, flicker, reactive power, unbalanced neutral current, current and voltage harmonics. PSO algorithm is applied for calculating the exact switching angles for the proposed inverter at each modulation index, considering the minimum total harmonic distortion for the output voltage. The proposed topology improved the voltage harmonics and current harmonics, which includes the enhanced active and reactive power. The optimum inverter switching angles are computed off-line to remove the selected lower order harmonics and suppress the higher order harmonics. The calculated switching angles are stored in micro controller processor memory using mixed model equation for online application. This work concluded that the mode of Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) performance is significantly better compared to Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) models. Both the simulation and experimental results agree well with the analytical formulation.

References

[1]. Badwawi, R. A., Abusara, M., & Mallick, T. (2015). A review of hybrid solar PV and wind energy system. Smart Science, 3(3), 127-138. https://doi.org/10.1080/23080 477.2015.11665647

[2]. Dargahi, V., Sadigh, A. K., & Corzine, K. (2016, March). Medium voltage dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) based on DFCM converter for power quality improvement. In 2016 Clemson University Power Systems Conference (PSC) (pp. 1-8). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/PSC.2016.7462849

[3]. Gaga, A., Errahimi, F., & Es-Sbai, N. (2014, October). Design and implementation of MPPT solar system based on the enhanced P&O algorithm using Labview. In 2014 International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC) (pp. 203-208). IEEE. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/IRSEC.2014.7059786

[4]. Genu, L. G. B., Limongi, L. R., Cavalcanti, M. C., Bradaschia, F., & Azevedo, G. M. S. (2020). Single-phase transformerless power conditioner based on a two-leg of a nine-switch converter. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 117, 1-11. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.105614

[5]. Ishaque, K., & Salam, Z. (2013). A review of maximum power point tracking techniques of PV system for uniform insolation and partial shading condition. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 19, 475-488. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.rser.2012.11.032

[6]. Jianjun, G., Dianguo, X., Hankui, L., & Maozhong, G. (2002, April). Unified power quality conditioner (UPQC): The principle, control and application. In Proceedings of the Power Conversion Conference-Osaka 2002 (Vol. 1, pp. 80- 85). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/PCC.2002.998518

[7]. Kabalci, E. (2013). Design and analysis of a hybrid renewable energy plant with solar and wind power. Energy Conversion and Management, 72, 51-59. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.enconman.2012.08.027

[8]. Kennedy, J. (1997, April). The particle swarm: social adaptation of knowledge. In Proceedings of 1997 IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation (ICEC'97) (pp. 303-308). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109 /ICEC.1997.592326

[9]. Kennedy, J., & Eberhart, R. (1995, November). Particle swarm optimization. In Proceedings of ICNN'95- International Conference on Neural Networks (Vol. 4, pp. 1942-1948). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNN.1995.48 8968

[10]. Kohn, W., Zabinsky, Z. B., & Nerode, A. (2015). A microgrid distributed intelligent control and management system. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 6(6), 2964-2974. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2015.2455512

[11]. Kumar, A., & Chatterjee, D. (2017, December). A survey on space vector pulse width modulation technique for a two-level inverter. In 2017 National Power Electronics Conference (NPEC) (pp. 78-83). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1 109/NPEC.2017.8310438

[12]. Lopa, S. A., Hossain, S., Hasan, M. K., & Chakraborty, T. K. (2016). Design and simulation of DC-DC converters. International Journal of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, 3(1), 63-70.

[13]. Noman, A. M., Addoweesh, K. E., & Mashaly, H. M. (2012, October). A fuzzy logic control method for MPPT of PV systems. In IECON 2012-38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (pp. 874-880). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2012.6389174

[14]. Patel, A., Yadav, S. K., Mathur, H. D., Bhanot, S., & Bansal, R. C. (2020). Optimum sizing of PV based UPQC-DG with improved power angle control. Electric Power Systems Research, 182, 106259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.20 20.106259

[15]. Pelz, G. M., da Silva, S. A. O., & Sampaio, L. P. (2020). Distributed generation integrating a photovoltaic-based system with a single-to three-phase UPQC applied to rural or remote areas supplied by single-phase electrical power. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 117, 105673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.105673

[16]. Seifossadat, S. G., Kianinezhad, R., Ghasemi, A., & Monadi, M. (2008, June). Quality improvement of shunt active power filter, using optimized tuned harmonic passive filters. In 2008 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (pp. 1388-1393). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/SPEEDHAM.20 08.4581063

[17]. Sharma, D. K., & Purohit, G. (2012, December). Advanced perturbation and observation (P&O) based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of a solar phototh voltaic system. In 2012 IEEE 5th India International Conference on Power Electronics (IICPE) (pp. 1-5). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IICPE.2012.6450411

[18]. Strache, S., Wunderlich, R., & Heinen, S. (2014). A comprehensive, quantitative comparison of inverter architectures for various PV systems, PV cells, and irradiance profiles. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 5(3), 813-822. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2014.2304740

[19]. Sundarabalan, C. K., Puttagunta, Y., & Vignesh, V. (2019). Fuel cell integrated unified power quality conditioner for voltage and current reparation in four-wire distribution grid. IET Smart Grid, 2(1), 60-68. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-stg.2018.0148

[20]. Varma, K. R., Salehi, R., (2017). SSR Mitigation with a new control of PV solar farm as STATCOM (PV-STATCOM). IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1473 – 1483.

[21]. Yin, M., Xu, Y., Shen, C., Liu, J., Dong, Z. Y., & Zou, Y. (2016). Turbine stability-constrained available wind power of variable speed wind turbines for active power control. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 32(3), 2487-2488. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2016.2605012

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Research Paper

Comparison of Single Loop and Cascade Loop Control of BLDC Motor Drive

Manoj Kumar Merugumalla*

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Tirumala Engineering College, Jonnalagadda, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Merugumalla, M. K. (2020). Comparison of Single Loop and Cascade Loop Control of BLDC Motor Drive, i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering, 13(3), 38-45. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.13.3.16858

Abstract

This paper is aimed at the speed control of a Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor drive, for which a single loop control and cascade system of control is established and the performance of the drive system is compared. Initially, the drive system is modeled in a single loop using transfer function model. Then it is modeled with cascaded loops. Both the models are simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Magnitude optimum multiple integration tuning method has been introduced for BLDC motor drive system to tune PID controller parameters. By performing various simulation tests with and without disturbances at supply side, load side and under set-point changes, the simulation results show that the cascade control system has better performance than single loop control no matter where the disturbances enter and sudden changes occur at the reference speed of the drive system.

References

[1]. Åström, K. J., Hang, C. C., Persson, P., & Ho, W. K. (1992). Towards intelligent PID control. Automatica, 28(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(92)90002-W

[2]. Baszynski, M., & Pirog, S. (2013). A novel speed measurement method for a high-speed BLDC motor based on the signals from the rotor position sensor. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 10(1), 84-91. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2013.2243740

[3]. Cui, C., Liu, G., Wang, K., & Song, X. (2014). Sensorless drive for high-speed brushless DC motor based on the virtual neutral voltage. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 30(6), 3275-3285. https://doi.org/10.1109/ TPEL.2014.2337292

[4]. Er, P. V., Cao, R., Liang, W., Yang, R., Teo, C. S., & Tan, K. K. (2014). Selective approach towards robust control and accommodation of disturbances. International Journal of Mechatronics and Automation, 4(3), 161-172. https:// doi.org/10.1504/IJMA.2014.064097

[5]. Eti, S. L., & Kumar, N. P. (2014). Closed loop speed control of a BLDC motor drive using adaptive fuzzy tuned PI controller. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 4(11), 93-104.

[6]. Ji, H., & Li, Z. (2009). Modelling and simulation of control system for brushless DC motor. International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control, 7(4), 346-350. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMIC.2009.027887

[7]. Kaliappan, E. (2015). Modelling, analysis and simulation of permanent magnet brushless DC motors for sensorless operation. International Journal of Power and Energy Conversion, 6(3), 234-251. https://doi.org/ 10.1504/IJPEC.2015.070466

[8]. Kim, T. H., & Ehsani, M. (2004). Sensorless control of the BLDC motors from near-zero to high speeds. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 19(6), 1635- 1645.https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2004.836625

[9]. Merugumalla, M. K., & Kumar, N. P. (2017). Optimized PID controller for BLDC motor using Nature-inspired Algorithms. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 12(1), 415-422.

[10]. Merugumalla, M. K., & Kumar, N. P. (2018). FFA-based speed control of BLDC motor drive. International Journal of Intelligent Engineering Informatics, 6(3-4), 325-342. https:// doi.org/10.1504/IJIEI.2018.091877

[11]. Merugumalla, M. K., & Navuri, P. K. (2016). Sensorless control of BLDC motor using bio-inspired optimization algorithm and classical methods of tuning PID controller. i- Manager's Journal on Instrumentation & Control Engineering, 5(1), 16-23. https://doi.org/10.26634/jic.5.1. 10349

[12]. Merugumalla, M. K., & Navuri, P. K. (2019). Chaotic inertia weight and constriction factor-based PSO algorithm for BLDC motor drive control. International Journal of Process Systems Engineering, 5(1), 30-52. https://doi.org/ 10.1504/IJPSE.2019.096673

[13]. Nikranjbar, A. (2014). Adaptive PID controller design guidelines for a class of non-linear systems. International Journal of Engineering Systems Modelling and Simulation, 6(1-2), 12-22. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESMS.2014.058419

[14]. Papadopoulos, K. G. (2015). PID Controller Tuning using the Magnitude Optimum Criterion. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing.

[15]. Stirban, A., Boldea, I., & Andreescu, G. D. (2012). Motion-sensorless control of BLDC-PM motor with offline FEM-information-assisted position and speed observer. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 48(6), 1950-1958. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2012.2226194

[16]. Taeib, A., & Chaari, A. (2015). Tuning optimal PID controller. International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control, 23(2), 140-147. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMIC. 2015.068872

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i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering (JEE)

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Volume 13 Issue 3 January - March 2020

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