i-manager's Journal on Nursing (JNUR)


Volume 6 Issue 4 November - January 2017

Article

Bullying: It's Impact on Child's Personality

Munira Minaz Ali* , Sameeta Farid Virani**, Alizah Alaman***
*-*** Nursing Interns, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Ali, M.M., Virani, S.F., and Alaman, A. (2017). Bullying: Its Impact on Childs Personality. i-manager’s Journal on Nursing, 6(4), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.26634/jnur.6.4.10338

Abstract

Presently, bullying is a very common and disturbing phenomenon among the school and college students. It is a troublesome repetition in school that affects a child's wellbeing and security. Though, life is a journey and a tough fight, every child doesn't have the capacity to play tough. Students with a strong family background and strong sense of power try to be scornful and arrogant towards the weaker faction, which may take away their dignity and innocence at a very early stage of life. Bullying may consist of teasing, insulting, name-calling or deliberate act that can cause physical or mental harm to a person. Both, the bullies and victims experience a wide variety of physical and psychological issues, which may stay with them for the rest of their lives. Strict school policies, interpersonal interaction, parental awareness and close monitoring of children could help to combat this problem at the earliest and could help in preventing it. There is a dire need to gather the relevant statistics and to take stern measures to fight this problem in schools and colleges.

 

Research Paper

Cultural Practices of Rearing Preterm Infants: a Qualitative Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan

Samin Sulaiman* , Ambreen Tharani**, Sharifa Lalani***, Kiran Shaikh****
* Research Scholar, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
**-**** Assistant Professor, Aga Khan University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Karachi Pakistan.
Sulaiman, S., Tharani, A., Lalani, S., and Shaikh, K. (2017). Cultural Practices of Rearing Preterm Infants: a Qualitative Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. i-manager’s Journal on Nursing, 6(4), 6-13. https://doi.org/10.26634/jnur.6.4.10339

Abstract

The research work explores the cultural practices of feeding and hygiene of preterm infants in the Pakistani context. A Qualitative descriptive-exploratory design has been used. Purposive sampling was utilized to recruit 17 mothers, who met inclusion criteria from a largest government tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. The semi-structured interview was used to collect the data, which lasted for approximately 45-60 minutes. Thematic analysis was conducted to analyze the key findings of the study. Welcoming newborn with 'honey' and herbal remedies were reported as a common ritual among mothers. Findings revealed differences in the time period of initial bath given to the preterm, ranges from 3 days to 1 month. These custom variations of rearing preterm have its own meaning in the prescribed culture; however, these customs are the insights to explore more on its effects on infants' health. This study provides useful insights into several practices of cultures, which serve as the determinants of infants' nutrition and health status. It provides an insight to the health care professionals to provide quality care to preterm infants.

 

Research Paper

The Application of Bioimpedance Measurements in Basal Cell Skin Cancer (BCC) Diagnosis

Munqith S. Dawood* , Jamal R. Al-Rawi**, Fatimah H. Al-Ani***
* Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.
** Professor, Dermatovenereology & Community Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq.
*** Laboratory Instructor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Dawood, M.S., Al-Rawi, J.R., and Al-Ani, F.H. (2017). The Application of Bioimpedance Measurements in Basal Cell Skin Cancer (BCC) Diagnosis. i-manager’s Journal on Nursing, 6(4), 14-19. https://doi.org/10.26634/jnur.6.4.10340

Abstract

The clinical status of the tissue can be diagnosed by measuring its biological electrical impedance (Z), which acts in general as a parallel connection of capacitive and resistive loads. It has a complex value which is strongly related to the effects of different biological factors and diseases. In this experimental clinical work, the electrical LCR-meter was programmed and used for the measurements of the spectral skin bio-impedance (Z) and its detailed components as a noninvasive technique for skin cancer diagnosis. The examinations of nine volunteer patients confirmed that the results of the skin bio-impedance measurements can be used as an important factor to check out whether the infected area is a basal cell skin cancer (BCC).

Review Paper

Empowerment Among Women Nurses: a Conceptual Review of Literature

Saleema A. Gulzar* , Rozina Karmaliani**, Ahmad Ali Shah***
*Assistant Professor, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
** Professor, School of Nursing & Midwifery, and Department of Community Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
*** School of Nursing & Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
**** Associate Librarian, Faculty of Health Sciences Library, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Gulzar, S.A., Karmaliani, R., Noorani, S.S., Shah, A.A. (2017). Empowerment Among Women Nurses: a Conceptual Review of Literature. i-manager’s Journal on Nursing, 6(4), 20-29. https://doi.org/10.26634/jnur.6.4.10341

Abstract

Nurses play a significant role in health promotion and maintenance of individuals, families, and communities at large. It is evident that the demand for nurses has increased and will further increase in years to come. It is generally accepted that nursing as a career is valued by society in terms of job security, mobility, and career. Traditionally, the image of nursing as a profession is one of care, compassion, and nurture. However, the image of nursing still suffers from a low social image and status, particularly in the third world and developing countries like Pakistan. This is due to severe sociocultural conditions and unrecognized status of women, which hinders the progress in nursing. Nurses working in various capacities suffer from lack of competency and confidence, due to which their professionalism and credibility suffer which may owe to the lack of empowerment at the workplace. Therefore, nursing leaders face numerous challenges in uplifting the image of nurses in the country. It is assumed that empowerment is essential so that they are able to overcome hurdles towards their professional careers. Hence, this paper is an attempt to describe the notion of empowerment in the light of literature, which is critical of the nursing profession and nurses in the context of Pakistan.

 

Review Paper

Impacts of Marital Conflicts on Child Development

Nasreen Rafiq* , Neelam Rafiq**
* Nurse Intern, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Aga Khan University Hospital, Pakistan.
**Nurse Intern, Aga Khan University Hospital, Pakistan.
Rafiq, N., and Rafiq, N. (2017). Impacts of Marital Conflicts on Child Development. i-manager’s Journal on Nursing, 6(4), 30-34. https://doi.org/10.26634/jnur.6.4.10342

Abstract

A child continues to learn from his environment throughout his life since his birth. More than everything, he learns from his parents and their relationship. Being affected by the surrounding culture, he undergoes various physical, psychological, social, and emotional changes throughout his life. These changes could be positive or negative depending upon the nature of the culture. The literature review has been conducted to identify and highlight the causes of conflicts, the effects on various stages of child development, and some of the recommendations to improve the problem. Various databases and search engines, ranging from 1994 to 2015, have been used to conduct a detailed analysis of the problem. Various studies illustrate the negative impacts of marital conflicts at each stage of a child's development, i.e., from infancy till adulthood. During infancy, exposure to distress results in hampered physical growth and psycho-social withdrawal (Tavistock Centre for Couple Relationships, 2009). Similarly, during childhood, it results in diminished selfconcept and social incompetence (Campbell & Lewandowski, 1997). Conflicts during adolescence result in isolation, risk-taking behaviors, and hostility in future relationships (Arshat, 2013). Likewise, during adulthood, it leads to increased risks of divorce. Various socio-cultural, and economic, or sometimes the mixture of these are responsible behind this issue. Therefore, a multi-dimensional approach is required to resolve the problem. Children, being the most vulnerable population, require immediate interventions to prevent the adverse consequences. A collaborative effort of health professionals, society and governmental organizations is required to control these existing trends.

Case Study

Stress, Widowhood and Psychological Well-Being: a Case Study

Afreen Amir Ali* , Afshan Shanif**
* Assistant Head Nurse, Department of Neuro-Science, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
** Registered Nurse, Department of Pediatric, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Ali, A.A., and Shanif, A. (2017). Stress, Widowhood and Psychological Well-Being: a Case Study. i-manager’s Journal on Nursing, 6(4), 35-39. https://doi.org/10.26634/jnur.6.4.10358

Abstract

The death of a husband brings a turning point in the woman's life. The transition from a wife to widow is a dreadful challenge. With these challenges and issues, many widows, especially in the developing countries end up with stress, anxiety, and depression. The aim of this case study is to comprehend the characteristics associated with stress in widowhood and also illustrate the approaches to improve their psychological well-being. This case study is about a 49- year-old widow to whom we encountered in a community setting with the symptoms of stress. Data were collected through self-report instrument and interviews. All mentioned symptoms in data reveal stress that mainly relate to widowhood. These symptoms are reducible with the implementation of psycho education, CAM therapy, and cognitivebehavioral therapy. Besides that, different interventions at group and institutional levels are desired as well to boost widows' psychological wellbeing. Widowhood affects the psychological wellbeing of the individual and their families. So, as health care providers need to build up an effective health care system in the community so that adaptive response can be promoted to deal effectively with stress in widowhood.