i-manager Publications

i-manager's Journal on Material Science (JMS)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 1

Most Cited

Electrical Properties of Nanocomposite Polymer Gels based on PMMA-DMA/DMC-LiCLO₂ -SiO₂
Comparison Of Composite Proton Conducting Polymer Gel Electrolytes Containing Weak Aromatic Acids
Enhancement in Electrical Properties of PEO Based Nano-Composite Gel Electrolytes
Effect of Donor Number of Plasticizers on Conductivity of Polymer Electrolytes Containing NH₄F
PMMA Based Polymer Gel Electrolyte Containing LiCF₃SO₃

Volume 5 Issue 3 October - December 2017

Article

A Study on the Design Philosophy and Materials Selection of Composite Structures for Road Design Providing Smooth and High-Friction Surface for Vehicles

J. Livinder Ison*

*Graduate Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cornerstone International College, Chennai, India.

Ison, J. L. (2017). A Study on the Design Philosophy and Materials Selection of Composite Structures for Road Design Providing Smooth and High-Friction Surface for Vehicles. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 5(3), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.5.3.13739

Abstract

Composite materials have advancements in many structural applications. This paper explains the design philosophy involved in composite structures. The various methods used to design have been discussed here. Conventional and composite materials show a wider variation, on considering corrosion resistance and part complexity. Composite materials always have a superior design complexity. All these analytics pave way for Materials selection for the road design and in the production of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). Thus the paper reviewed that the manufacturing methods can be changed in order to supersede the existing product design.

References

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[2]. Chhabra, P., Katyal, P., & Gulati, V. (2011). Concurrent design and prototyping of composite accelerator pedal. International Journal of Advancements in Technology, 2(1), 561-576.

[3]. China Glass Network (2011). E-glass or C-glass Chopped Strand Mat. Retrieved from http://www.glassin china.com/product/productDisplay_325891.html

[4]. Dugoff, H., Fancher, P. S., & Segel, L. (1970). An analysis of tire traction properties and their influence on vehicle dynamic performance (No. 700377). SAE Technical Paper.

[5]. East Texas Asphalt Co., Ltd (n.d). Products | East Texas Asphalt. Retrieved from http://www.etasphalt.com/products/

[6]. Hull, D., & Clyne, T. W. (1996). An Introduction to Composite Materials. Cambridge university press.

[7]. IMI Tami (2011). Corrosion Testing. Retrieved from http://www.tami-imi.com/corrosion-testing.

[8]. Muller, S., Uchanski, M., & Hedrick, K. (2003). Estimation of the maximum tire-road friction coefficient. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 125(4), 607-617.

[10].Ootsuka02. (2016). Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/ wiki/File:Beam_Stiffness.PNG

[11]. O'Brien, T. K. (1990). Towards a damage tolerance philosophy for composite materials and structures. In Composite Materials: Testing and Design (Ninth Volume). ASTM International.

[12]. Pickering, S., (2011). Recycling Thermoset Composites. Retrieved from http://www.jeccomposites. com/knowledge/international-composites-news/ recycling-thermoset-composites

[13]. Specht, L. P., Khatchatourian, O., Brito, L. A. T., & Ceratti, J. A. P. (2007). Modeling of asphalt-rubber rotational viscosity by statistical analysis and neural networks. Materials Research, 10(1), 69-74.

[14]. The Constructor, (n.d)a. Asphalt, Bitumen and Tar – Types, Difference and Comparison. Retrieved from https://theconstructor.org/building/asphalt-bitumen-tartypes- difference-comparison/17273/ [Accessed 2017].

[15]. The Constructor, (n.d)b. Geogrids - Types, Functions, Applications and Advantages in Construction. Retrieved from https://theconstructor.org/building/ geogrids-typesfunctions- applications-advantages/15190/ [Accessed 2017].

[16]. West, R. C., Willis, J. R., & Marasteanu, M. O. (2013). Improved mix design, evaluation, and materials management practices for hot mix asphalt with high reclaimed asphalt pavement content (Vol. 752). Transportation Research Board.

[17]. Williams, M., (n.d). AF2903 Road Construction and Maintenance Placement of Hot Mix Asphalt. Retrieved from http://slideplayer.com/slide/ 5726674/ [Accessed 2017].

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Research Paper

Mechanical Characterization of Polymer Materials Under Low Strain Rate Loading

Dinesh Kumar* , Arshdeep Kaur, Yugam Kumar Aggarwal*, Piyush Uniyal**, Navin Kumar*, Prashant Jindal****

* Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering , UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh,India.

-* Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UIET, Panjab University,Chandigarh,India.

** Research Scholar, Centre for Biomedical Engineering Department, IIT Ropar, India.

* Associate Professor and Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering ,IIT Ropar, India.

**** Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UIET, Panjab University,Chandigarh,India.

Kumar, D., Kaur , A., Aggarwal, Y. K., Uniyal, P., Kumar, N., and Jindal, P. (2017). Mechanical Characterization of Polymer Materials Under Low Strain Rate Loading. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 5(3), 8-14. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.5.3.13742

Abstract

In the present research work, mechanical tensile properties of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polyketone (PK), Polypropylene (PP), and Acrylic have been evaluated at low strain rate loading (0.1s^-1, 0.01s^-1 and 0.001s^-1). Sigma Mixing (SM) and Injection Molding (IM) techniques have been used to fabricate dog bone shaped specimens of these polymers. Effect of different fabrication techniques on tensile behaviour of these four polymers has been evaluated. Young's modulus of all polymers is enhanced significantly when specimens are fabricated by Sigma mixing technique. A noticeable improvement of 22.7%, 11.6%, 41%, and 45% in the Young's modulus of ABS, PK, PP, and Acrylic fabricated by Sigma mixing has been observed in comparison to Injection moulded specimens. Molecular orientation, better homogeneity, and strong binding of molecules could be the reasons for this improvement in Young's modulus of specimens fabricated by sigma mixing. This low cost fabrication technology (Sigma mixing) with higher production rate and improved mechanical properties will make this research work more applicable for the fabrication of automotive parts, protective headgear, engineering plastics, electronic assemblies, and other mechanical devices.

References

[1]. Alcock, B., Cabrera, N. O., Barkoula, N. M., Reynolds, C. T., Govaert, L. E., & Peijs, T. (2007). The effect of temperature and strain rate on the mechanical properties of highly oriented polypropylene tapes and allpolypropylene composites. Composites Science and Technology, 67(10), 2061-2070.

[2]. Babu, K. S., Basha, S. K. M., & Sreedhar, C. (2016). Design and simulation of plastic Injection molding process by using ANSYS. Anveshana's International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied. Sciences, 1(11), 100-110.

[3]. Bansal, S., Kumar, N., & Jindal, P. (2017). Effect of MWCNT Composition on the Hardness of PP/MWCNT Composites. Materials Today: Proceedings, 4(2), 3867- 3871.

[4]. Gupta, T. K., Singh, B. P., Dhakate, S. R., Singh, V. N., & Mathur, R. B. (2013). Improved nanoindentation and microwave shielding properties of modified MWCNT reinforced polyurethane composites. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 1(32), 9138-9149.

[5]. Jandial, S., & Jindal, P. (2014). Review of carbon nanotubes/poly (methyl methacrylate) composite fabrication and mechanical characterization techniques. Int. J. Res. Advent. Technol., 2(2).

[6]. Jindal, P., Goyal, M., & Kumar, N. (2013). Dynamic impact absorption behaviour of glass coated with carbon nanotubes. Journal of Surface Engineered Materials and Advanced Technology, 3(4), 257–261.

[7]. Jindal, P., Pande, S., Sharma, P., Mangla, V., Chaudhury, A., Patel, D., et al, (2013). High strain rate behavior of multi-walled carbon nanotubes– polycarbonate composites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 45(1), 417-422.

[8]. Jindal, P., Jyoti, J., & Kumar, N. (2016). Mechanical characterization of ABS/MWCNT composites under static and dynamic loading conditions. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences, 10(3), 2288-2299.

[10]. Jyoti, J., Singh, B. P., Rajput, S., Singh, V. N., & Dhakate, S. R. (2016). Detailed dynamic rheological studies of multiwall carbon nanotube-reinforced Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Composite. Journal of Materials Science, 51(5), 2643-2652.

[11]. Kamble, A. S., Surde, A. N. & Kulkarni, S. S. (2013). Validation for plastic Injection mold design for automotive switch housing through physical experimentation. International Journal of Advance Engineering Research and Studies, 3(1), 77–79.

[12]. Kelly, A. L., Woodhead, M., & Coates, P. D. (2005). Comparison of injection molding machine performance. Polymer Engineering & Science, 45(6), 857-865.

[13]. Malinauskas, A. (2001). Chemical deposition of conducting polymers. Polymer, 42(9), 3957-3972.

[14]. Mianehrow, H., & Abbasian, A. (2017). Energy monitoring of plastic injection molding process running with hydraulic injection molding machines. Journal of Cleaner Production, 148, 804-810.

[15]. Rathod, M. L., & Kokini, J. L. (2016). Extension rate distribution and impact on bubble size distribution in Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid in a twin screw corotating mixer. Journal of Food Engineering, 169, 214-227.

[16]. Serban, D. A., Weber, G., Marsavina, L., Silberschmidt, V. V., & Hufenbach, W. (2013). Tensile properties of semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymers: Effects of temperature and strain rates. Polymer Testing, 32(2), 413-425.

[17]. Weng, Z., Wang, J., Senthil, T., & Wu, L. (2016). Mechanical and thermal properties of ABS/montmorillonite nanocomposites for fused deposition modeling 3D printing. Materials & Design, 102, 276-283.

[18]. Zhang, H., Yao, Y., Zhu, D., Mobasher, B., & Huang, L. (2016). Tensile mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced polymer composite under varying strain rates and temperatures. Polymer Testing, 51, 29-39.

[19]. Zhang, X., Wang, P., Zhou, Y., Li, X., Yang, E. H., Yu, T. X., & Yang, J. (2016). The effect of strain rate and filler volume fraction on the mechanical properties of hollow glass microsphere modified polymer. Composites Part B: Engineering, 101, 53-63.

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Research Paper

Deformation of B-Spline Based Plasticine Material Model in Virtual Reality Environment

Sandeep Gandotra* , Harish Pungotra, Prince Kumar Moudgil*

, Research Scholar, IKG Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, India.

Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Beant College of Engineering and Technology, Gurdaspur, Punjab, India.

Gangotra, S.,Pungotra, H., and Modugil, P. K. (2017). Deformation of B-Spline Based Plasticine Material Model in Virtual Reality Environment. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 5(3), 15-23. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.5.3.13743

Abstract

Industrial designers are always in search of new tools that can create a product more technically and artistically. Conventional Computer-aided Design (CCAD) supports only creation, modification, analysis, and optimization of design. Worthwhile CCAD is not much supportive in the artistic activities associated with the conceptual design phase of the product design. For conceptual design, the designer requires freedom to modify the product specifications frequently to study the product behavior regarding attributes like product shape, strength, deformation, surface roughness, ergonomics, and many other aspects. The present research is made to investigate the deformation of the product using a virtual model of Plasticine material. The virtual product model is generated from point cloud data. The deformable Volumetric Self-organizing Feature Map (VSOFM) is used as an adaptive geometric modeling tool. VSOFM provides a framework for generating objects that dynamically change shape during the design process. To assign the material properties, the point cloud data meshes with B-spline incorporated with spring and dampers. The collision is detected between the tool and the B-spline based teardrop model. Deforming force is applied to the Plasticine model to check the mode of deformation. It is concluded that B-spline based Plasticine model exhibits material properties more efficiently and accurately during collision detection and deformation.

References

[1]. Abdel-Wahab, M. S., Hussein, A. S., Taha, I., & Gaber, M. S. (2005, December). An enhanced algorithm for surface reconstruction from a cloud of points. In GVIP05 Conference, Cairo, Egypt, (pp. 19-21).

[2]. Amenta, N., Bern, M., & Kamvysselis, M. (1998). A new Voronoi-based surface reconstruction algorithm. In th Proceedings of the 25 Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (pp. 415-421). ACM.

[3]. Barhak, J., & Fischer, A. (2001). Parameterization and reconstruction from 3D scattered points based on neural network and PDE techniques. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 7(1), 1–16.

[4]. Barhak, J., & Fischer, A. (2002). Adaptive reconstruction of freeform objects with 3D SOM neural network grids. Computers & Graphics, 26(5), 745-751.

[5]. Gandotra, S., & Pungotra, H. (2017). Tools and techniques for conceptual design in virtual reality environment. i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering & Technology. 12(4), 8–19.

[6]. Igwe, P. C., Knopf, G. K., & Canas, R. (2008). Developing alternative design concepts in VR environments using volumetric self-organizing feature maps. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 19(6), 661- 675.

[7]. Ivrissimtzis, I. V., Jeong, W. K., & Seidel, H. P. (2003). Using growing cell structures for surface reconstruction. In Shape Modeling International (pp. 78-86). IEEE.

[8]. Knopf, G., Sangole, A., & Igwe, P. (2003). Parameterization of scattered surface points using a SOFM. Intelligent Engineering Systems through Artificial Neural Networks, 13, 33–38.

[10]. Knopf, G., & Pungotra, H. (2007). Visual Exploration of Numeric Data Using 3D Self Organizing Feature Maps. Intelligent Engineering Systems through Artificial Neural Networks, ASME Press, 17, 297–302.

[11]. Kohonen, T. (1982). Self-organized formation of topologically correct feature maps. Biological Cybernetics, 43(1), 59–69.

[12]. Kumar, G. S., Kalra, P. K., & Dhande, S. G. (2004). Curve and surface reconstruction from points: An approach based on self-organizing maps. Applied Soft Computing, 5(1), 55–66.

[13]. Liu, Y., Yang, H., & Wang, W. (2005). Reconstructing Bspline Curves from Point Clouds- A Tangential Flow Approach using Least Squares Minimization. In International Conference on Shape Modeling and Applications 2005 (SMI' 05) (pp. 4–12).

[14]. Liu, S., Wang, C. C. L., Hui, K.-C., Jin, X., & Zhao, H. (2007). Ellipsoid-tree construction for solid objects. In Proceedings of the 2007 ACM Symposium on Solid and Physical Modeling (pp. 303-308). ACM.

[15]. Pungotra, H., Knopf, G. K., & Canas, R. (2008). Efficient algorithm to detect collision between deformable B-spline surfaces for virtual sculpting. CAD Computer Aided Design, 40(10–11), 1055–1066.

[16]. Pungotra, H., Knopf, G. K., & Canas, R. (2010). Merging multiple -spline surface patches in a virtual reality environment. Computer-Aided Design, 42(10), 847–859.

[17]. Tai, C. L., Hu, S. M., & Huang, Q. X. (2003). Approximate merging of B-spline curves via knot adjustment and constrained optimization. CAD Computer Aided Design, 35(10), 893–899.

[18]. Vierjahn, T., Lorenz, G., Mostafawy, S., & Hinrichs, K. H. (2012). Growing Cell Structures Learning a Progressive Mesh during Surface Reconstruction-A Top-Down Approach. In Eurographics (Short Papers) (pp. 29-32).

[19]. Yang, Y. J., Zeng, W., Yang, C. L., Deng, B., Meng, X. X., & Iyengar, S. S. (2013). An algorithm to improve parameterizations of rational Bezier surfaces using rational bilinear reparameterization. CAD Computer Aided Design, 45(3), 628–638.

[20]. Yu, Y. (1999). Surface reconstruction from unorganized points using self-organizing neural networks. In IEEE Visualization (Vol. 99, pp. 61-64).

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Research Paper

Microwave and Conventional Curing of Polymer Matrix Composites Reinforced with Natural Fibres of Kerala

Titto John George* , K.T. Mathew**

* Safety Engineer, Jizan Refinery Construction Project, Nasser S Al-Hajri Corporation, Saudi Arabia.

** Dean, Faculty Development and Research, Viswajyothi College of Engineering and Technology, Vazhakulam, India.

George, T. J., and Mathew, K. T. (2017). Microwave and Conventional Curing of Polymer Matrix Composites Reinforced with Natural Fibres of Kerala. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 5(3), 24-30. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.5.3.13744

Abstract

Material processing with microwave is an emerging concept in advance manufacturing, which is getting world wide acceptance due to high energy efficiency, reduced processing time, instant heating, and improved mechanical properties. This paper describes the processing of natural and synthetic fibre reinforced composites using microwave heating and compares the result with similar composites cured by traditional heating. Moulds made of different materials were used to suit microwave and traditional heating. This paper also discusses various tests conducted to compare the mechanical properties of natural fibre reinforced composites made through traditional and microwave curing. Microwave heating shows superior mechanical properties than conventional heating methods.

References

[1]. Antonio, C., & Deam, R. T. (2005). Comparison of linear and non-linear sweep rate regimes in variable frequency microwave technique for uniform heating in materials processing. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 169(2), 234-241.

[2]. Augustine, R., Kalappura, U. G., Laheurte, J. M., & Mathew, K. T. (2009). Biocompatibility study of beta tricalcium phosphate bioceramics and chitosan biopolymer and their use as phantoms for medical imaging applications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 51(12), 2923-2927.

[3]. Boey, F. Y. C., Yap, B. H., & Chia, L. (1999). Microwave curing of epoxy-amine system-effect of curing agent on the rate enhancement. Polymer Testing, 18(2), 93-109.

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[5]. Degamber, B., & Fernando, G. F. (2004). Process monitoring of a thermosetting resin using optical-fiber sensors in a microwave environment. IEEE Sensors Journal, 4(6), 713-721.

[6]. Feng, Y. B., Qiu, T., & Shen, C. Y. (2007). Absorbing properties and structural design of microwave absorbers based on carbonyl iron and barium ferrite. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 318(1), 8-13.

[7]. George, T. J., Sharma, A. K., & Kumar, P. (2014). Experimental Study and Simulation on Microwave Drilling of Metals and Glasses. Journal of Experimental & Applied Mechanics, 5(1), 10-19.

[8]. Kalappura, U. G., Thomas, P., Odackal, C. M., & Mathew, K. T. (2013). Preparation and Dielectric Charactersterization of Arrowroot-Chitosan Film for Microwave Phantom Aplications, Microwave Review, 18(2),17-20.

[10]. Lakshmi, K., John, H., Mathew, K. T., Joseph, R., & George, K. E. (2009). Microwave absorption, reflection and EMI shielding of PU–PANI composite. Acta Materialia, 57(2), 371-375.

[11]. Lee, W. I., & Springer, G. S. (1984). Microwave curing of composites. Journal of Composite Materials, 18(4), 387- 409.

[12]. Mallick, P. K. (2007), Mallick, P. K. (2007). Fiberreinforced Composites: Materials, Manufacturing, and Design (pp. 31-107), CRC Press.

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[14]. Miller, Tara. (1998). Introduction to Composites, 4 Edition. Composites Institute, Society of the Plastics Industry, New York.

[15]. Ramírez, M. A. & Barrera, V. E. (1997). Composite Materials. In Synthesis and Properties of Advanced Materials (pp.149-194). 10.1007/978-1-4615-6339-6_6.

[16]. Takagi, H., Winoto, C. W., & Netravali, A. N. (2002). Tensile properties of starch-based “green” composites reinforced with randomly oriented discontinuous MAO fibers. In Proceedings of International Workshop on Green Compo (Society of Material Sci., Japan) (pp. 4-7).

[17]. Thostenson, E. T., & Chou, T. W. (1999). Microwave processing: Fundamentals and applications. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 30(9), 1055- 1071.

[18]. Thostenson, E. T., & Chou, T. W. (2001). Microwave and conventional curing of thick-section thermoset composite laminates: Experiment and simulation. Polymer Composites, 22(2), 197-212.

[19]. Yarlagadda, P. K., & Cheok, E. (1999). Study on the microwave curing of adhesive joints using a temperaturecontrolled feedback system. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 91(1), 128-149.

[20]. Zhou, S., & Hawley, M. C. (2003). A study of microwave reaction rate enhancement effect in adhesive bonding of polymers and composites. Composite Structures, 61(4), 303-309.

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Review Paper

Technological Landscaping on Electro Chemical Discharge Machining of Non-Conducting Materials

Abhishek Charak* , C. S. Jawalkar **

* Research Scholar, Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India.

** Assistant Professor, Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India..

Charak, A., and Jawalkar, C. S. (2017). Technological Landscaping on Electro Chemical Discharge Machining of Non-Conducting Materials. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 5(3), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.5.3.13745

Abstract

This paper discusses Electrochemical Discharge Machining (ECDM), which is a non-conventional process used in fabricating micro features, preferably on non-conducting materials. The role of mixed electrolyte in ECDM used by previous researchers along with its various concentrations have been discussed. The effect of process parameters like voltage and electrolyte concentration on Material Removal Rate (MRR) have been analysed along with its optimization; utilizing statistical tools like Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Through the experimental results, it was observed that the MRR increased with an increase in electrolyte concentration up to a certain level and decreased with an increase in the stand-off distance. MRR increased with an increase in voltage up to certain stage of potential. The comparison is drawn between the effects of hollow and solid tools on MRR. The overall MRR is more for mixed electrolyte as compared to single electrolytes. The effect of tool size on MRR has also been discussed in the paper.

References

[1]. Cao, X. D., Kim, B. H., & Chu, C. N. (2009). Microstructuring of glass with features less than 100 µm by electrochemical discharge machining. Precision Engineering, 33(4), 459-465.

[2]. Chak, S. K. (2016). Electro Chemical Discharge Machining: Process Capabilities. International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering, 4(8), 135-146.

[3]. Dhanvijay, M. R., & Ahuja, B. B. (2014). Micromachining of ceramics by Electrochemical Discharge process considering stagnant and electrolyte flow method. Procedia Technology, 14, 165-172.

[4]. Didar, T. F., Dolatabadi, A., & Wüthrich, R. (2009). Local hardness and density variation in glass substrates machined with Spark Assisted Chemical Engraving (SACE). Materials Letters, 63(1), 51-53.

[5]. Doloi, B., Bhattacharyya, B., & Sorkhel, S. K. (1999). Electrochemical discharge machining of non-conducting ceramics. Defence Science Journal, 49(4), 331.

[6]. Fascio, V., Langen, H. H., Bleuler, H., & Comninellis, C. (2003). Investigations of the spark assisted chemical engraving. Electrochemistry Communications, 5(3), 203- 207.

[7]. Goud, M., Sharma, A. K., & Jawalkar, C. (2016). A review on material removal mechanism in Electrochemical Discharge Machining (ECDM) and possibilities to enhance the Material Removal Rate. Precision Engineering, 45, 1-17.

[8]. Goud, M., & Sharma, A. K. (2017). On performance studies during micromachining of quartz glass using electrochemical discharge machining. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 31(3), 1365-1372.

[10]. Jain, V. K., & Adhikary, S. (2008). On the mechanism of material removal in electrochemical spark machining of quartz under different polarity conditions. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 200(1), 460-470.

[11]. Jain, V. K. (2009). Advanced Machining Processes. Allied Publishers.

[12]. Jain, V. K. (2010). Introduction to Micromachining. Alpha Science International Limited.

[13]. Jain, V. K., & Priyadarshini, D. (2014). Fabrication of microchannels in ceramics (quartz) using Electrochemical Spark Micromachining (ECSMM). Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems, 13(01), 5-16.

[14]. Jawalkar, C. S., Sharma, A. K., Kumar, P., & Variable, D. C. (2012). Micromachining with ECDM: Research potentials and experimental investigations. Channels, 40, 46.

[15]. Jawalkar, C. S., Sharma, A. K., & Kumar, P. (2014). Investigations on performance of ECDM process using NaOH and NaNO electrolytes while micro machining soda 3 lime glass. International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management, 28(1-3), 80-93.

[16]. Liu, J. W., Yue, T. M., & Guo, Z. N. (2010). An analysis of the discharge mechanism in electrochemical discharge machining of particulate reinforced metal matrix composites. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 50(1), 86-96.

[17]. Mitra, N. S., Doloi, B., & Bhattacharyya, B. (2015). Predictive analysis of criterial yield during travelling wire electrochemical discharge machining of Hylam based composites. Advances in Production Engineering & Management, 10(2), 73.

[18]. Wu, K. L., Lee, H. M., & Chin, K. H. (2014). Application of Electrochemical Discharge Machining to Micro- Machining of Quartz. In Advanced Materials Research (Vol. 939, pp. 161-168). Trans Tech Publications.

[19]. Wuthrich, R., (2009). Machining with Electrochemical Discharges- An Overview. Micromachining using Electrochemical Discharge Phenomenon, 1–9.

[20]. Wuthrich, R., & Ziki, J. D. A. (2014). Micromachining using Electrochemical Discharge Phenomenon: Fundamentals and Application of Spark-assisted Chemical Engraving. William Andrew.

[21]. Xiaosheng, W., Wenyuan, C., Lijiang, W., Xiangyang, L., Weiping, Z., & Xiaomei, C. (2002). Non-abrasive polishing of glass. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 42(4), 449-456.

[22]. Ziki, J. D. A., Didar, T. F., & Wüthrich, R. (2012). Microtexturing channel surfaces on glass with spark assisted chemical engraving. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 57, 66-72.

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Review Paper

A Review on Tribo-Corrosion of Coatings in Glass Manufacturing Industry and Performance of Coating Techniques against High Temperature Corrosion and Wear

HITESH* , Lalit Thakur, Harmeet Singh*

* Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, India.

Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India.

* Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.

Vasudev, H., Thakur, L., and Singh, H. (2017). A Review on Tribo-Corrosion of Coatings in Glass Manufacturing Industry and Performance of Coating Techniques against High Temperature Corrosion and Wear. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 5(3), 38-48. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.5.3.13746

Abstract

This paper reviews all coating techniques, including Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD), Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD), Magnetron Sputtering, and Ion Beam Assisted Deposition used for the coating on the working surface of dies used in glass manufacturing industry. Coatings used with these techniques were single layer coatings of nitrides, borides, and oxides, multilayer coatings of nitride or carbides and noble metal like Platinum-Iridium (Pt-Ir) coatings. During glass manufacturing, dies are subjected to high temperature ranges from 900 °C to 1150 °C. The characteristics of coatings like wettability, wear and corrosion resistance against thermal cycling at high temperature are important factors for die manufacturing materials. Problems related to these characteristics have been elaborated in detail which reflects the behaviour of coatings particularly used for dies, and their effects have been studied. Oxide scale formation on the working surface and coatings due to high temperature corrosion is also a burning issue and it has been explained in this review paper. Among the various coatings, Pt-Ir coatings are the best in terms of performance. However, these noble metals are costlier than other materials which have been used for coatings. Further the different coatings for high temperature corrosion applications have been taken into consideration to know the effective results associated with their use and the materials that have provided the protection to the working surfaces at high temperatures. It has been found that the coating process, its parameters and selection of material directly affect the surface properties at high temperatures and it is proposed that the use of new coating techniques, such as microwave cladding and thermal spray coating with a number of variants in their processes and feedstocks can effectively modify the surface properties of die materials.

References

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Dinesh Kumar* , Arshdeep Kaur, Yugam Kumar Aggarwal*, Piyush Uniyal**, Navin Kumar*, Prashant Jindal****

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** Dean, Faculty Development and Research, Viswajyothi College of Engineering and Technology, Vazhakulam, India.

* Research Scholar, Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India.

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