i-manager's Journal on Material Science (JMS)


Volume 10 Issue 4 January - March 2023

Research Paper

Facilitating the Application of Starch Paste in the Conservation of Paper Artworks

Kobra Dadmohamadi*
Department of Painting, Faculty of Art, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
Dadmohamadi, K. (2023). Facilitating the Application of Starch Paste in the Conservation of Paper Artworks. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 10(4), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.10.4.19801

Abstract

Starch paste serves as an adhesive in book and paper conservation; however, its short shelf life necessitates small-batch preparation. This research aims to streamline starch paste usage, enable long-term storage without fungicidal additives, and enhance adhesive durability without compromising quality. The application of fresh starch paste and activated starch film elevated the pH levels in the coated samples compared to the adhesive-free controls. Following moist heat and light aging, the samples with activated starch films exhibited the highest pH. Fresh starch paste yielded minimal color changes (ΔE) after aging, whereas the activated starch film displayed the lowest Δ E. Tensile strength increased with the application of fresh starch paste and activated starch film. Although the tensile strength decreased after aging, the samples with adhesives exhibited higher values than the adhesive-free controls. The adhesion levels decreased after aging, with fresh starch paste displaying the highest adhesion after light aging and activated starch film demonstrating the highest adhesion after moist heat aging.

Research Paper

Adsorption & Kinetic Studies on Removal of Chromium from Waste Water using Tea Waste as Biosorbent

Bhagya Malleswari Gowru* , Liyakhath Ahmed Shaik**
*-**Department of Petroleum and Petrochemical Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Gowru, B. M., and Shaik, L. A. (2023). Adsorption & Kinetic Studies on Removal of Chromium from Waste Water using Tea Waste as Biosorbent. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 10(4), 12-20. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.10.4.19773

Abstract

Water pollution is a serious problem in the present day due to the increasing industrial and domestic operations. As water resources are scarce, it is necessary to treat wastewater and reserve it for utilization. The presence of heavy metals, such as mercury, nickel, lead, and chromium in wastewater causes severe chronic disorders in living beings. Several physical and chemical processes are available to reduce heavy metals, with adsorption being a less expensive option. Adsorbents such as activated carbon, sawdust, silica gel, zeolites, tree waste, and tea waste can be used in the adsorption process. In this study, tea waste was used as an adsorbent to remove chromium (VI) from industrial wastewater. The effects of various adsorption parameters on the removal efficiency were studied by varying these parameters to different values. The adsorption isotherms were fitted to experimental data to clearly describe the adsorption process. Based on the study of the kinetics of the process, it was found that first-order kinetics favor the adsorption process. This research concludes that tea waste can be a good choice as a biosorbent for removing heavy metals.

Review Paper

Corrosion: Types, Theories and Preventive Measure

Bhumika Tuli*
Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, Punjab, India.
Tuli, B. (2023). Corrosion: Types, Theories and Preventive Measure. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 10(4), 21-42. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.10.4.19303

Abstract

The breakdown of materials, typically metals, is due to a chemical environmental response that causes a functional breakdown of the components. A reverse extractive metallurgy process called corrosion relies on temperature, stress, erosion, and environmental concentration. It produces significant economic losses that range between 1% and 5% of Gross National Product (GNP) annually for any nation. In addition, rust not only raises the costs of components, but is also accountable for fatalities and safety risks. Thus, the purpose of this review is to provide a general overview of the various types of corrosion and related preventative strategies. Consequently, corrective action can be taken to reduce the impact of corrosion-related issues.

Review Paper

A Comparative Study of Thermal Enhanced Oil Recovery Method

Srajan Vajpayee* , Vandan Bhalala**
*-**Department of Petroleum Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, India.
Vajpayee, S., and Bhalala, V. (2023). A Comparative Study of Thermal Enhanced Oil Recovery Method. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 10(4), 43-55. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.10.4.19302

Abstract

The world's petroleum consumption is projected to increase steadily, with most of the oil discovered worldwide remaining unrecovered. Thermal Enhanced Oil Recovery (TEOR) techniques have been found to be effective in increasing the oil recovery from mature reservoirs. This paper compares the two most commonly used TEOR methods, In- Situ Combustion (ISC) and hot fluid injection, in the Sudanese Oil Field, Orion Field. The reservoir properties, operating conditions, production performance, technical challenges, and opportunities, including depth limitations, conventional completion problems, and reservoir heterogeneity, were analyzed for each method. Economic feasibility and environmental impacts are also discussed, including factors such as capital and operating costs, oil recovery rates, and carbon emissions. This study offers valuable insights into the practical aspects of implementing TEOR projects in the Sudanese oil field and can inform decision-making in the oil and gas industry, particularly in reservoir engineering, production optimization, and environmental management.

Review Paper

An Overview of Corrosion in the Oil and Gas Industry: Challenges and Solutions

Bhawna* , Bisman Singh**, Rakesh Kumar***
*-**Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, Punjab, India.
***Department of Regulatory Affair and Quality Assurance, Auxein Medical Pvt. Ltd., Sonipat, Haryana, India.
Bhawna, Singh, B., and Kumar, R. (2023). An Overview of Corrosion in the Oil and Gas Industry: Challenges and Solutions. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 10(4), 56-66. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.10.4.19455

Abstract

Corrosion is a widespread and expensive issue in the oil and gas sector, and presents significant dangers to infrastructure and the environment. It costs more than $1.4 billion per year, including direct spending for equipment maintenance and replacement and indirect costs such as lost productivity and environmental damage. This study examines the subject of corrosion in the oil and gas industry and its ramifications, both financially and environmentally. This study analyzed the oil and gas sector, its infrastructure, and various forms of corrosion, including uniform corrosion, crevice corrosion, galvanic corrosion, Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC), stress corrosion cracking, and Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC). This study emphasizes the need for frequent equipment maintenance and inspection to prevent corrosion and reduce its impact on industry and the environment.