i-manager Publications

i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems (JCS)

Current Issue Vol. 13 Issue 2

Design and Development of Patient Care Voice Actuated Bed in Hospital
A Low Profile Dual U Shaped Monopole Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX/C Band Applications
A Miniaturized Dual L Shaped with Truncated Ground Rectangular Monopole Antenna for 5G and Wireless Communications
A Centre C-Shaped Dual Band Rectangular Monopole Antenna for Wi-Fi and Wireless Communication
Impact of Subchannel Symbol Rates on WSS Filtering Penalty in Elastic Optical Networks: A Comparative Study

Most Cited

Volume 10 Issue 2 July - December 2021

Article

IoT: Present Applications and Future Prospects

Shaikh Karishma Rajmohammed* , Davange Priti Subhash, Bargal Priya Padmakar*

*-***Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Pravara Rural Engineering College, Loni, Maharashtra, India.

Rajmohammed, S. K., Subhash, D. P., and Padmakar, B. P. (2021). IoT: Present Applications and Future Prospects. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 10(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.10.2.15958

Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) is a technological advancement offering extra intelligence to humans by enabling communication between objects, machines, and between people. IoT has received considerable attention from researchers in recent years as it has the potential to improve life of people all over the world. IoT is a system made up of things in the real world and sensors connected to those things, connected to the Internet through a network structure that is both wired and wireless. IoT sensors can communicate in a variety of ways, including Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, as well as using various technologies, including GSM, GPRS, 3G, and LTE, to enable communication over large areas. IoT will enable the world to become smart in all aspects as it will provide the means for smart cities, smart healthcare, smart homes and buildings, and many other key applications such as smart energy, networking, transportation, waste management and monitoring. This paper reviews various applications and technologies used in IoT, including its future prospects.

References

[1]. Alabdulatif, A., Khalil, I., & Ahmed, S. H. (2018). Integration of internet of things (IoT) and cloud computing: Privacy concerns and possible solutions. IEEE Internet Policy Newsletter. Retrieved from https://internet initiative.ieee.org/newsletter/september-2018/integra tion-of-internet-of-things-iot-and-cloud-computingprivacy- concerns-and-possible-solutions

[2]. Bastos, D., Shackleton, M., & El-Moussa, F. (2018). Internet of things: A survey of technologies and security risks in smart home and city environments. In Proceedings of Living in the Internet of Things: Cybersecurity of the IoT - 2018. https://doi.org/10.1049/cp.2018.0030

[3]. Chow, J. (2018). Informed urban transport systems: Classic and emerging mobility methods toward smart cities. Elsevier.

[4]. Cruz, O., Ramos, E., & Ramírez, M. (2011, February). 3D indoor location and navigation system based on st Bluetooth. In 2011, 21 International Conference on Electrical Communications and Computers (pp. 271- 277). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2011. 5749373

[5]. Dhal, S. P., Chowdhury, P., & Shaw, S. K. (2018). IoT: Making things better. In Proceedings of the National Conference on The Things Services and Applications of Internet of Things (pp.85-104).

[6]. Gosh, A. (2018, December 7). Internet of Things in the Smart Home : Part III. The Customize Windows. Retrieved form https://thecustomizewindows.com/2018/12/inter net-of-things-in-the-smart-home-part-iii/

[7]. Grizhnevich, A. (2018, March 26). IoT and Big Data: Challenges and Applications. ScienceSoft. Retrieved from https://www.scnsoft.com/blog/iot-big-data

[8]. Gutiérrez, J., Villa-Medina, J. F., Nieto-Garibay, A., & Porta-Gándara, M. Á. (2013). Automated irrigation system using a wireless sensor network and GPRS module. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 63(1), 166-176. https://doi.org/10.17577/ijertv5is060068

[9]. Interview Bit. (n.d.). IoT Interview Questions. InterviewBit. Retrieved from https://www.interviewbit.com/iot-interviewquestions/

[10]. Kinney, S. (2017, October 24). IoT case studies: Smart agriculture and smart parking. Enterprise IoT Insights. Retrieved from https://enterpriseiotinsights.com/ 20171024/channels/fundamentals/iot-case-studiessmart- agriculture-smart-parking-tag17-tag99

[11]. Koutitas, G. (2012). Control of flexible smart devices in the smart grid. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 3(3), 1333-1343. https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2012.2204410

[12]. Kumar, N. M., Chand, A. A., Malvoni, M., Prasad, K. A., Mamun, K. A., Islam, F. R., & Chopra, S. S. (2020). Distributed energy resources and the application of AI, IoT, and blockchain in smart grids. Energies, 13(21), 5739. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13215739

[13]. Malhotra, S., & Kumar, V. (2016). Smart street lighting system: An energy efficient approach. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 5(2), 1082-1085. https://doi.org/10.21275/v5i2.nov161312

[14]. Naidu, G. A., & Kumar, J. (2019). Wireless protocols: Wi-Fi SON, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Z-Wave, and Wi-Fi. In Saini H., Singh R., Kumar G., Rather G., & Santhi K. (eds), Innovations in Electronics and Communication Engineering (pp. 229- 239). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978- 981-13-3765-9_24

[15]. Nguyen, H. V., & Iacono, L. L. (2015, September). REST-ful CoAP message authentication. In 2015, International Workshop on Secure Internet of Things (SIoT) (pp. 35-43). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/SIOT.2015.8

[16]. Pandharipande, A., & Caicedo, D. (2015). Smart indoor lighting systems with luminaire-based sensing: A review of lighting control approaches. Energy and Buildings, 104, 369-377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. enbuild.2015.07.035

[17]. Pell, R. (2016, October 13). As a way to curb street lights power consumption and unnecessary light pollution, Geolux (Samobor, Croatia) proposes to selectively and progressively turn on the street lights when they are needed, that is, when a pedestrian or when traffic are detected on the street. eeNews Europe. Retrieved from https://www.eenewseurope.com/en/radar-sensorsmake- streetlights-smart/

[18]. Posey, B. (2021). What is fog computing? TechTarget. Retrieved from https://internetofthingsagenda. techtarget.com/definition/fog-computing-fogging

[19]. Selvaraj, S., & Sundaravaradhan, S. (2020). Challenges and opportunities in IoT healthcare systems: A systematic review. SN Applied Sciences, 2(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1925-y

[20]. Siegel, J. E., Kumar, S., & Sarma, S. E. (2017). The future internet of things: Secure, efficient, and modelbased. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 5(4), 2386-2398. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2017.2755620

[21]. Silva, C., Toasa, R., Martinez, H. D., Veloz, J., & Gallardo, C. (2017). Secure push notification service based on MQTT protocol for mobile platforms. In XII Jornadas Iberoamericanas de Ingeniería de Software e Ingeniería del Conocimiento y Congreso Ecuatoriano en Ingeniería de Software (pp. 69-84).

[22]. Singh, G., Bansal, D., Sofat, S., & Aggarwal, N. (2017). Smart patrolling: An efficient road surface monitoring using smartphone sensors and crowd sourcing. Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 40, 71-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2017.06.002

[23]. Srinivas, S. (2020). An investigation of smart manufacturing using digital thread and digital twin technology for enhancement of product life cycle. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology, 8(7), 1695- 1700.

[24]. Tariq, M. A., Khan, M., Khan, M. T. R., & Kim, D. (2020). Enhancements and challenges in CoAP-A survey. Sensors, 20(21), 6391. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20216391

[25]. Ullah, Z., Ahmad, S., Ahmad, M., & Junaid, M. (2019, January). A Preview on Internet of Things (IOT) and its nd applications. In 2019, 2 International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMet) (pp. 1-6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOMET. 2019.8673468

[26]. Wang, J., Lim, M. K., Zhan, Y., & Wang, X. (2020). An intelligent logistics service system for enhancing dispatching operations in an IoT environment. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 135, 101886. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.tre.2020.101886

[27]. Yekta. (2019, December 26). Micro-service architecture for responsive and active fault tolerance in IoT systems (Translated from Persian). Farzdon. Retrieved from https://farzdon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/ 4-2.jpg

[28]. Zeinab, K. A. M., & Elmustafa, S. A. A. (2017). Internet of things applications, challenges and related future technologies. World Scientific News, 67(2), 126-148.

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Research Paper

Autonomous Firefighting Robot for Hazardous Fire Environment

S. Nandhini* , Satya Doulani, Anuj Upadhyay*, Shubham Pareek****

*-**** Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Nandhini, S., Doulani, S., Upadhyay, A., and Pareek, S. (2021). Autonomous Firefighting Robot for Hazardous Fire Environment. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 10(2), 16-25. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.10.2.15031

Abstract

Firefighting has always been a risky profession, many lives are lost despite technological innovation. The existing firefighting tactics are prone to human mistakes. The life of firefighters has always been endangered during explosions or radioactive explosions, when even high-quality suits and equipment are useless. There is a growing trend to use robots instead of humans to put out fires. This paper proposes autonomous robots capable of detecting people caught in fire and extinguishing fires in conditions where humans cannot intervene. The robot moves around the affected area and avoids any obstacles encountered along the way. A robot with a built-in infrared camera will intelligently check the damaged area for human life, while other robots will help put out fires that are too far away from humans. As a result, it will be possible to save human lives inside the fire impacted region without jeopardizing the lives of human firefighters.

References

[1]. Firehouse. (2018, June 18). NFPA Releases Annual FF Fatalities Report. Firehouse. Retrieved from https://www. firehouse.com/safety-health/news/21008860/nfpaannual- firefighter-fatalities-report-2017-finding

[2]. Kavitha, S. Sagar, K., Tousif, M., Nishanth C.R., &Likith. V. (2021). Fire fighting robot. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 6(5), 1150- 1154.

[3]. Kosasih, K., Sartika, E. M., Hasugian, M. J., &Muliady, M. (2010). The intelligent fire fighting tank robot. Maranatha Electrical Engineering Journal, 1(1), 73-80.

[4]. Malik, R. (2006). Fire fighting robot: An approach. Indian Streams Research Journal, 2(12), 1-4.

[5]. Rasheduzzaman, Md., Gulib, A. H., Awal, A., & Mostafa, S. M. G. (2017). Development and implementation of fire fighting robot. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, 12(7), 818-825. https://doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp7/ 20202173

[6]. Singh, H. P., Mahajan, A., Sukavanam, N., Budhraja, V., Singh, S., Kumar, A., & Vashisht, A. (2015). Control of an autonomous industrial fire fighting mobile robot. DU Journal of Undergraduate Research and Innovation, 124- 130.

[7]. Yadav, N., Shewale, P., Shinde, N., Sahu, R., &Adoni, K. (2020). Fire fighting robot–An effective approach. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 7(5), 7665- 7668.

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Research Paper

Dispersion Compensation using Fiber Bragg Grating in Non-Return to Zero Modulation

Syedakbar S.* , S. Geerthana, R. Arthy*

*-*** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, K. Ramakrishnan College of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.

Syedakbar, S., Geerthana, S., and Arthy, R. (2021). Dispersion Compensation using Fiber Bragg Grating in Non-Return to Zero Modulation. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 10(2), 26-32. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.10.2.16803

Abstract

This article discusses the elimination of dispersion using a fiber Bragg grating (FBG). FBG reflects certain wavelengths of light and transmits all others. This is a type of Bragg reflector built on a short length of optical fiber. The modulation format is Non Return to Zero (NRZ). This article uses a NRZ modulation format, analyze fiber optic transmission with increasing length, and then compare these results with optical transmission integrated with a dispersion compensation method. FBGs are used as a key element of optical communication as dispersion compensators. Performance analysis is based on the occurrence of variance for different lengths.

References

[1]. Agrawal, G. P. (1998). Fiber Optics Communication rd Systems. (3 ed), Wiley Interscience Publication.

[2]. Akbar, S. S., Silvia, G. R., & Geethanjali, P. (2016). Dispersion compensation analysis of optical communication link using FBG. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 4(19), 182-187.

[3]. Antony, J. S., Stephen, J., & Aarthi, G. (2015). Performance analysis of optical transmission system using FBG and Bessel filter. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(14), 5954-5960.

[4]. Bhardwaj, A., & Soni, G. (2015). Performance analysis of optical communication system using fiber Bragg grating. SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, 2(1), 160-166.

[5]. Gnanagurunathan, G., & Rahman, F. A. (2006, April). Comparing FBG and DCF as dispersion in the long haul narrowband WDM systems. In 2006, IFIP International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks, (pp. 1-4). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCN. 2006.1666665

[6]. Maurer, R. D. (1973). Glass fibers for optical communications. Proceedings of the IEEE, 61(4), 452-462. https://doi.org/10.1109/PROC.1973.9059

[7]. Miya, T., Okamoto, K., Ohmori, Y., & Sasaki, Y. (1981). Fabrication of low dispersion single-mode fibers over a wide spectral range. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 17(6), 858-861. https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.1981.1071238

[8]. Neumann, E. G. (2013). Single-mode fibers: Fundamentals (Vol. 57). Springer.

[9]. Othonos, A. (1997). Fiber Bragg gratings. Review of Scientific Instruments, 68(12), 4309-4341. https://doi.org/ 10.1063/1.1148392

[10]. Perez, A.G., Andrade, J., & Manzano, O. G. I. (2006). Efficient modulation formats for high bit rate fiber transmission. Acta Universitaria, 16(2), 17-26. https://doi. org/10.15174/au.2006.184

[11]. Ramprasad, A. V., & Meenakshi, M. (2007). Performance measurement of various modulation formats in the presence of dispersion and non linear effects for WDM optical system. Journal of Optics, 36(2), 78-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03354819

[12]. Subadra, M., & Maceee, M. (2010). Performance measurement of various modulation formats for 10 Gbps long haul WDM system. In 2010, International Conference on Advances in Communication, Network, and Computing, (pp. 389- 392). https://doi.org/10.1109/CNC. 2010.96

[13]. Suzuki, M., Tsuritani, T., & Edagawa, N. (2001). Multiterabit long haul DWDM transmission with VSB-RZ format. IEEE LEOS Newsletter, 15(5), 26-28.

[14]. Winzer, P. J., & Leuthold, J. (2001). Return-to-zero modulator using a single NRZ drive signal and an optical delay interferometer. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 13(12), 1298-1300. https://doi.org/10.1109/68.969887

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Research Paper

Accident Detection using Vanet and IoT

B. Shoban Babu* , Deepak Yadav, Shamsul Haq*

*-*** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering and Technology, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Babu, B. S., Yadav, D., and Haq, S. (2021). Accident Detection using Vanet and IoT. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 10(2), 33-39. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.10.2.16025

Abstract

The raising population and increased number of vehicles in cities has a direct correlation with traffic congestion and accidents. Lack of immediate medical care in road accidents causes loss of life. In such situations, automatic accident detection can save lives. In this paper, an automatic accident detection system is proposed using Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) and Internet of Things (IoT). This system will be designed using Passive Infrared (PIR) Sensor, Node Microcontroller Unit (MCU), Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), Global Positioning System (GPS), Heartbeat (HB) Sensor, On-Board Unit (OBU), Degree/Minute/Second (DMS), and Micro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS). The application is able to determine the accident and the severity of the emergency level using mechanical and medical sensors installed in the car and inform ambulance with the location parameters.

References

[1]. Amin, M. S., Bhuiyan, M. A. S., Reaz, M. B. I., & Nasir, S. S. (2013, December). GPS and Map matching based vehicle accident detection system. In 2013, IEEE Student Conference on Research and Developement (pp. 520- 523). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/SCOReD.2013.7002645

[2]. Amin, M. S., Jalil, J., &Reaz, M. B. I. (2012, May). Accident detection and reporting system using GPS, GPRS and GSM technology. In 2012, International Conference on Informatics, Electronics & Vision (ICIEV) (pp. 640-643). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIEV.2012.6317382

[3]. Fernandes, B., Alam, M., Gomes, V., Ferreira, J., & Oliveira, A. (2016). Automatic accident detection with multi-modal alert system implementation for ITS. Vehicular Communications, 3, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.veh com.2015.11.001

[4]. Fogue, M., Garrido, P., Martinez, F. J., Cano, J. C., Calafate, C. T., & Manzoni, P. (2012). Automatic accident detection: Assistance through communication technologies and vehicles. IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, 7(3), 90-100. https://doi.org/10.1109/MVT. 2012.2203877

[5]. Khaliq, K. A., Qayyum, A., & Pannek, J. (2017, December). Prototype of automatic accident detection and management in vehicular environment using VANET th and IoT. In 2017, 11 International Conference on Software, Knowledge, Information Management and Applications (SKIMA) (pp. 1-7). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ SKIMA.2017.8294107

[6]. Ramos, L., Silva, L., Santos, M. Y., & Pires, J. M. (2015). Detection of road accident accumulation zones with a visual analytics approach. Procedia Computer Science, 64, 969-976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.08.615

[7]. Zaldivar, J., Calafate, C. T., Cano, J. C., & Manzoni, P. (2011, October). Providing accident detection in vehicular networks through OBD-II devices and Android-based th smartphones. In 2011, IEEE 36 Conference on Local Computer Networks (pp. 813-819). IEEE. https://doi.org/10. 1109/LCN.2011.6115556

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Review Paper

Review of the In Vivo Staining Materials and Images in Detection of Oral Cancer

Rajashekhar Gouda C. Patil* , Mahesh P. K.**

*-** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, ATME College of Engineering, Mysore, Karnataka, India.

Patil, R. G. C., and Mahesh P. K. (2021). Review of the In Vivo Staining Materials and Images in Detection of Oral Cancer. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 10(2), 40-44. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.10.2.15150

Abstract

Squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most aggressive cancers. The probability of five-year survival expectancy is inversely proportional to the time difference between the onset of the disease and its detection. Some malignant tumors are sensitive to staining materials such as toluidine blue. These staining materials are used to stain and mark the area encroached by the cancer cells for visual examination. This paper presents a review of the in-vivo staining materials and their effectiveness in marking malignant and pre-malignant lesions. Also, it presents a study on various in-vivo imaging techniques used as adjuncts for the detection of oral malignancy.

References

[1]. Abraham, L., Rai, A., Burde, K., & Naikmasur, V. (2016). Methylene blue as a diagnostic aid in the early detection of potentially malignant and malignant lesions of oral mucosa. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences, 26(3), 201. https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v26i3.2

[2]. Chaudhari, A., Hegde-Shetiya, S., Shirahatti, R., & Agrawal, D. (2013). Comparison of different screening methods in estimating the prevalence of precancer and cancer amongst male inmates of a jail in Maharashtra, India. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 14(2), 859-864. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.2.859

[3]. Chen, Y. W., Lin, J. S., Fong, J. H. J., Wang, I. K., Chou, S. J., Wu, C. H., Kao, S. Y. (2007a). Use of methylene blue as a diagnostic aid in early detection of oral cancer and precancerous lesions. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 45(7), 590–591. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.bjoms.2006.08.017

[4]. Chen, Y. W., Lin, J. S., Wu, C. H., Lui, M. T., Kao, S. Y., & Fong, Y. (2007b). Application of in vivo stain of methylene blue as a diagnostic aid in the early detection and screening of oral squamous cell carcinoma and precancer lesions. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association, 70(11), 497-503. https://doi.org/10.1016/S17 26-4901(08)70048-0

[5]. Johnson, A., Baeten, J., Patel, K., Killian, M., Sunny, S., Suresh, A., ... & Kademani, D. (2019). Evaluation of a lectin-based imaging system for the chairside detection of oral dysplasia and malignancy. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 77(9), 1941-1951. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.joms.2019.03.012

[6]. Kasthuri, M., Babu, N. A., Masthan, K. M. K., & Sankari, S. L. (2015). Toludine blue staining in the diagnosis of oral precancer and cancer: Stains, technique and its uses-A review. Biomedical And Pharmacology Journal, 8, 519- 522. https://doi. org/10.13005/bpj/737

[7]. Mashberg, A., & Samit, A. (1995). Early diagnosis of asymptomatic oral and oropharyngeal squamous cancers. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 45(6), 328- 351. https://doi.org/10.3322/canjclin.45.6.328

[8]. Mashberg, A. (1980). Reevaluation of toluidine blue application as a diagnostic adjunct in the detection of asymptomatic oral squamous carcinoma: A continuing prospective study of oral cancer III. Cancer, 46(4), 758- 763. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19800815)46: 4758::AID-CNCR28204604203.0.CO;2-8

[9]. Maeda, K., Yamashiro, M., Michi, Y., Suzuki, T., Ohyama, Y., Okada, N., & Amagasa, T. (2009). Effective staining method with iodine for leukoplakia and lesions surrounding squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue assessed by colorimetric analysis. Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences, 56(4), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.11 480/jmds.560401

[10]. Mehrotra, R., Gupta, A., Singh, M., & Ibrahim, R. (2006). Application of cytology and molecular biology in diagnosing premalignant or malignant oral lesions. Molecular Cancer, 5(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/147 6-4598-5-11

[11]. Nagaraju, K., Prasad, S., & Ashok, L. (2010). Diagnostic efficiency of toluidine blue with Lugol's iodine in oral premalignant and malignant lesions. Indian Journal of Dental Research: Official Publication of Indian Society for Dental Research, 21(2), 218–23. https://doi. org/10.4103/0970-9290.66633

[12]. Pallagatti, S., Sheikh, S., Aggarwal, A., Gupta, D., Singh, R., Handa, R., …, & Mago, J. (2013). Toluidine blue staining as an adjunctive tool for early diagnosis of dysplastic changes in the oral mucosa. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, 5(4), 187–191. https://doi. org/10.4317/jced.51121

[13]. Rajmohan, M., Umadevi Krishnamohan Rao, E. J., Rajasekaran, S. T., & Kannan, R. (2012). Assessment of oral mucosa in normal, precancer and cancer using chemiluminescent illumination, toluidine blue supravital staining and oral exfoliative cytology. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology: JOMFP, 16(3), 325. http://doi.org/10.4103/0973-029X.102476

[14]. Riaz, A., Shreedhar, B., Kamboj, M., & Natarajan, S. (2013). Methylene blue as an early diagnostic marker for oral precancer and cancer. Springer Plus, 2(1), 95. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-95

[15]. Siddiqui, I.A., Farooq, M.U., Siddiqui, R. A., & Rafi, S.M.T. (2006). Role of toluidine blue in early detection of oral cancer. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 22(2), 184-187.

[16]. Silverman, S., Migliorati, C., & Barbosa, J. (1984). Toluidine blue staining in the detection of oral precancerous and malignant lesions. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, 57(4), 379–382. https://doi. org/10.1016/0030-4220(84)90154-3

[17]. Watanabe, A., Taniguchi, M., Tsujie, H., Hosokawa, M., Fujita, M., & Sasaki, S. (2012). Clinical impact of iodine staining for diagnosis of carcinoma in situ in the floor of mouth, and decision of adequate surgical margin. Auris Nasus Larynx, 39(2), 193-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. anl.2011.08.004

[18]. Zhang, L., Williams, M., Poh, C. F., Laronde, D., Epstein, J. B., Durham, S., … Rosin, M. P. (2005). Toluidine blue staining identifies high-risk primary oral premalignant lesions with poor outcome. Cancer Research, 65(17), 8017–8021. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04- 3153

i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems (JCS)

Current Issue Vol. 13 Issue 2

Most Read

Most Cited

Volume 10 Issue 2 July - December 2021

IoT: Present Applications and Future Prospects

Shaikh Karishma Rajmohammed* , Davange Priti Subhash**, Bargal Priya Padmakar***

*-***Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Pravara Rural Engineering College, Loni, Maharashtra, India.

Rajmohammed, S. K., Subhash, D. P., and Padmakar, B. P. (2021). IoT: Present Applications and Future Prospects. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 10(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.10.2.15958

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Autonomous Firefighting Robot for Hazardous Fire Environment

S. Nandhini* , Satya Doulani**, Anuj Upadhyay***, Shubham Pareek****

*-**** Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Nandhini, S., Doulani, S., Upadhyay, A., and Pareek, S. (2021). Autonomous Firefighting Robot for Hazardous Fire Environment. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 10(2), 16-25. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.10.2.15031

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Dispersion Compensation using Fiber Bragg Grating in Non-Return to Zero Modulation

Syedakbar S.* , S. Geerthana**, R. Arthy***

*-*** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, K. Ramakrishnan College of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.

Syedakbar, S., Geerthana, S., and Arthy, R. (2021). Dispersion Compensation using Fiber Bragg Grating in Non-Return to Zero Modulation. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 10(2), 26-32. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.10.2.16803

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Accident Detection using Vanet and IoT

B. Shoban Babu* , Deepak Yadav**, Shamsul Haq***

*-*** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering and Technology, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Babu, B. S., Yadav, D., and Haq, S. (2021). Accident Detection using Vanet and IoT. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 10(2), 33-39. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.10.2.16025

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Review of the In Vivo Staining Materials and Images in Detection of Oral Cancer

Rajashekhar Gouda C. Patil* , Mahesh P. K.**

*-** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, ATME College of Engineering, Mysore, Karnataka, India.

Patil, R. G. C., and Mahesh P. K. (2021). Review of the In Vivo Staining Materials and Images in Detection of Oral Cancer. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 10(2), 40-44. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.10.2.15150

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Shaikh Karishma Rajmohammed* , Davange Priti Subhash, Bargal Priya Padmakar*

S. Nandhini* , Satya Doulani, Anuj Upadhyay*, Shubham Pareek****

Syedakbar S.* , S. Geerthana, R. Arthy*

B. Shoban Babu* , Deepak Yadav, Shamsul Haq*