i-manager's Journal on Material Science (JMS)


Volume 5 Issue 3 October - December 2017

Article

A Study on the Design Philosophy and Materials Selection of Composite Structures for Road Design Providing Smooth and High-Friction Surface for Vehicles

J. Livinder Ison*
*Graduate Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cornerstone International College, Chennai, India.
Ison, J. L. (2017). A Study on the Design Philosophy and Materials Selection of Composite Structures for Road Design Providing Smooth and High-Friction Surface for Vehicles. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 5(3), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.5.3.13739

Abstract

Composite materials have advancements in many structural applications. This paper explains the design philosophy involved in composite structures. The various methods used to design have been discussed here. Conventional and composite materials show a wider variation, on considering corrosion resistance and part complexity. Composite materials always have a superior design complexity. All these analytics pave way for Materials selection for the road design and in the production of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). Thus the paper reviewed that the manufacturing methods can be changed in order to supersede the existing product design.

Research Paper

Mechanical Characterization of Polymer Materials Under Low Strain Rate Loading

Dinesh Kumar* , Arshdeep Kaur**, Yugam Kumar Aggarwal***, Piyush Uniyal****, Navin Kumar*****, Prashant Jindal******
* Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering , UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh,India.
**-*** Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UIET, Panjab University,Chandigarh,India.
**** Research Scholar, Centre for Biomedical Engineering Department, IIT Ropar, India.
***** Associate Professor and Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering ,IIT Ropar, India.
****** Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UIET, Panjab University,Chandigarh,India.
Kumar, D., Kaur , A., Aggarwal, Y. K., Uniyal, P., Kumar, N., and Jindal, P. (2017). Mechanical Characterization of Polymer Materials Under Low Strain Rate Loading. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 5(3), 8-14. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.5.3.13742

Abstract

In the present research work, mechanical tensile properties of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polyketone (PK), Polypropylene (PP), and Acrylic have been evaluated at low strain rate loading (0.1s-1, 0.01s-1 and 0.001s-1). Sigma Mixing (SM) and Injection Molding (IM) techniques have been used to fabricate dog bone shaped specimens of these polymers. Effect of different fabrication techniques on tensile behaviour of these four polymers has been evaluated. Young's modulus of all polymers is enhanced significantly when specimens are fabricated by Sigma mixing technique. A noticeable improvement of 22.7%, 11.6%, 41%, and 45% in the Young's modulus of ABS, PK, PP, and Acrylic fabricated by Sigma mixing has been observed in comparison to Injection moulded specimens. Molecular orientation, better homogeneity, and strong binding of molecules could be the reasons for this improvement in Young's modulus of specimens fabricated by sigma mixing. This low cost fabrication technology (Sigma mixing) with higher production rate and improved mechanical properties will make this research work more applicable for the fabrication of automotive parts, protective headgear, engineering plastics, electronic assemblies, and other mechanical devices.

Research Paper

Deformation of B-Spline Based Plasticine Material Model in Virtual Reality Environment

Sandeep Gandotra* , Harish Pungotra**, Prince Kumar Moudgil***
*,*** Research Scholar, IKG Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, India.
** Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Beant College of Engineering and Technology, Gurdaspur, Punjab, India.
Gangotra, S.,Pungotra, H., and Modugil, P. K. (2017). Deformation of B-Spline Based Plasticine Material Model in Virtual Reality Environment. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 5(3), 15-23. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.5.3.13743

Abstract

Industrial designers are always in search of new tools that can create a product more technically and artistically. Conventional Computer-aided Design (CCAD) supports only creation, modification, analysis, and optimization of design. Worthwhile CCAD is not much supportive in the artistic activities associated with the conceptual design phase of the product design. For conceptual design, the designer requires freedom to modify the product specifications frequently to study the product behavior regarding attributes like product shape, strength, deformation, surface roughness, ergonomics, and many other aspects. The present research is made to investigate the deformation of the product using a virtual model of Plasticine material. The virtual product model is generated from point cloud data. The deformable Volumetric Self-organizing Feature Map (VSOFM) is used as an adaptive geometric modeling tool. VSOFM provides a framework for generating objects that dynamically change shape during the design process. To assign the material properties, the point cloud data meshes with B-spline incorporated with spring and dampers. The collision is detected between the tool and the B-spline based teardrop model. Deforming force is applied to the Plasticine model to check the mode of deformation. It is concluded that B-spline based Plasticine model exhibits material properties more efficiently and accurately during collision detection and deformation.

Research Paper

Microwave and Conventional Curing of Polymer Matrix Composites Reinforced with Natural Fibres of Kerala

Titto John George* , K.T. Mathew**
* Safety Engineer, Jizan Refinery Construction Project, Nasser S Al-Hajri Corporation, Saudi Arabia.
** Dean, Faculty Development and Research, Viswajyothi College of Engineering and Technology, Vazhakulam, India.
George, T. J., and Mathew, K. T. (2017). Microwave and Conventional Curing of Polymer Matrix Composites Reinforced with Natural Fibres of Kerala. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 5(3), 24-30. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.5.3.13744

Abstract

Material processing with microwave is an emerging concept in advance manufacturing, which is getting world wide acceptance due to high energy efficiency, reduced processing time, instant heating, and improved mechanical properties. This paper describes the processing of natural and synthetic fibre reinforced composites using microwave heating and compares the result with similar composites cured by traditional heating. Moulds made of different materials were used to suit microwave and traditional heating. This paper also discusses various tests conducted to compare the mechanical properties of natural fibre reinforced composites made through traditional and microwave curing. Microwave heating shows superior mechanical properties than conventional heating methods.

Review Paper

Technological Landscaping on Electro Chemical Discharge Machining of Non-Conducting Materials

Abhishek Charak* , C. S. Jawalkar **
* Research Scholar, Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India.
** Assistant Professor, Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India..
Charak, A., and Jawalkar, C. S. (2017). Technological Landscaping on Electro Chemical Discharge Machining of Non-Conducting Materials. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 5(3), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.5.3.13745

Abstract

This paper discusses Electrochemical Discharge Machining (ECDM), which is a non-conventional process used in fabricating micro features, preferably on non-conducting materials. The role of mixed electrolyte in ECDM used by previous researchers along with its various concentrations have been discussed. The effect of process parameters like voltage and electrolyte concentration on Material Removal Rate (MRR) have been analysed along with its optimization; utilizing statistical tools like Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Through the experimental results, it was observed that the MRR increased with an increase in electrolyte concentration up to a certain level and decreased with an increase in the stand-off distance. MRR increased with an increase in voltage up to certain stage of potential. The comparison is drawn between the effects of hollow and solid tools on MRR. The overall MRR is more for mixed electrolyte as compared to single electrolytes. The effect of tool size on MRR has also been discussed in the paper.

Review Paper

A Review on Tribo-Corrosion of Coatings in Glass Manufacturing Industry and Performance of Coating Techniques against High Temperature Corrosion and Wear

HITESH* , Lalit Thakur**, Harmeet Singh***
* Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, India.
** Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India.
*** Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
Vasudev, H., Thakur, L., and Singh, H. (2017). A Review on Tribo-Corrosion of Coatings in Glass Manufacturing Industry and Performance of Coating Techniques against High Temperature Corrosion and Wear. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 5(3), 38-48. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.5.3.13746

Abstract

This paper reviews all coating techniques, including Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD), Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD), Magnetron Sputtering, and Ion Beam Assisted Deposition used for the coating on the working surface of dies used in glass manufacturing industry. Coatings used with these techniques were single layer coatings of nitrides, borides, and oxides, multilayer coatings of nitride or carbides and noble metal like Platinum-Iridium (Pt-Ir) coatings. During glass manufacturing, dies are subjected to high temperature ranges from 900 °C to 1150 °C. The characteristics of coatings like wettability, wear and corrosion resistance against thermal cycling at high temperature are important factors for die manufacturing materials. Problems related to these characteristics have been elaborated in detail which reflects the behaviour of coatings particularly used for dies, and their effects have been studied. Oxide scale formation on the working surface and coatings due to high temperature corrosion is also a burning issue and it has been explained in this review paper. Among the various coatings, Pt-Ir coatings are the best in terms of performance. However, these noble metals are costlier than other materials which have been used for coatings. Further the different coatings for high temperature corrosion applications have been taken into consideration to know the effective results associated with their use and the materials that have provided the protection to the working surfaces at high temperatures. It has been found that the coating process, its parameters and selection of material directly affect the surface properties at high temperatures and it is proposed that the use of new coating techniques, such as microwave cladding and thermal spray coating with a number of variants in their processes and feedstocks can effectively modify the surface properties of die materials.