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i-manager's Journal on Material Science (JMS)

Current Issue Vol. 11 Issue 3

Exploring the Optical and Structural Properties of Chromium (Cr)-Doped Polyaniline
Green Route Extraction of TPA Monomer from Poly Cotton Fibre: A Sustainable Recovery Approach
Efficient Extraction of Diesel Oil from Waste Plastics: A Comprehensive Study
Laser-Based Ultrasonics for Non-Destructive Material Testing: A Practical Guide
Advancements and Applications of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters: A Comprehensive Review

Most Cited

Volume 2 Issue 2 July - September 2014

Research Paper

Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer Through Nimonic 80A Alloy

Neeraj Sharma*

*Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, R.P. Inderaprastha Institute of Technology, Karnal, Haryana.

Sharma, N. (2014). Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer Through Nimonic 80A Alloy. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 2(2), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.2.2.2813

Abstract

Heat transfer is the moment of energy, due to difference in the temperature of a body. There are three modes of heat transfer viz. conduction, convection and radiation. In this, the analysis is to be made through an alloy, so the characteristic equations of conduction are considered. In the numerical analysis, this moment is analyzed with the help of equations. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has become an effective way to numerically simulate heat transfer. The objective of the study was to simulate heat transfer process in different orientations of the work-piece. Analysis has been carried out on Nimonic 80A alloy with their basic properties. First time, one end of the rod is kept at room temperature and the other end at 600K. The variation is observed and drawn in the form of a graph. Another time, one surface of the specimen is kept at room temperature and the other surface at 600K temperature. The variation of temperatures in both cases were analyzed and is found that heat flows from higher temperature to lower temperature up to a certain distance and after that, the material is at room temperature. The color codes distinguish the hotness and coldness of the work-piece.

References

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[2]. Dan, D., Stoian, V. & Fabian, A. (2009). “Numerical Analysis of Composite Steel Concrete Structural Shear Walls with Steel Encased Profiles”. Constructii. Arhitectura, 55, 21- 32.

[3]. Reikher, A. (2012). “Numerical Analysis of Die-Casting Process in Thin Cavities Using Lubrication Approximation”. Theses and Dissertations. Paper 65.

[4]. Kaldunski, P. & Kukielka, L. (2007). “Numerical Analysis of Sheet Metal Forming: The Corrugation Effect”. Task Quarterly, 10(4), 427–435

[5]. Liu, H., Sparks, T. E. & Liou, F. W. (2013). “Numerical Analysis of Thermal Stress and Deformation in Multi-Layer Laser Metal Deposition Processes”, Proceeding of 24 SFF Symposium, The University of Texas at Austin, USA, 577-591.

[6]. Lu, P., Huang, S. & Jiang, K. (2013). “Numerical Analysis For Three-Dimensional Bulk Metal Forming Processes With Arbitrarily Shaped Dies Using The Rigid/Visco-Plastic Element Free Galerkin Method”. Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci., 33, 416-422.

[7]. Verma, R. K., Mahesh, N. S. & Anwar, M. I. (2012). “Numerical Analysis of Powder Compaction to Obtain High Relative Density in '601AB' Aluminum Powder”. SASTECH, 11 (1), 79-84.

[8]. Mamat, M., Tofany, N. & Kartono, A. (2010). “Numerical Analysis of Heat Conduction and Phase Transformation in Laser Transformation Hardening: Influences of Heating Duration and Laser Beam Intensity”. Applied Mathematical Sciences, Vol 4,pp 3019 – 3033

[9]. Fuliotto, R., Cambuli, F., Mandas, N. Bacchin, N., Manara, G. & Chen, Q. (2010). “Experimental and numerical analysis of heat transfer and airflow on an interactive building façade”. Energy and Buildings, Vol 42, pp 23-28.

[10]. COMSOL Multiphysics 4.0a User Manual Version 4.0.0.982 (Module: Heat transfer).

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Research Paper

Spin Speed Dependence of Optical Band Gap of SOL Gel Spin Coated Zinc Oxide Thin Films

Rajesh Kumar* , Aakanksha Sahu, Narinder Arora, Rabia Sareen, Gagandeep Kaur

*-***** P.G. Department of Physics, D. A. V College, Amritsar, India.

Kumar, R., Sahu, A., Arora, N., Sareen, R., & Kaur, G. (2014). Spin Speed Dependence of Optical Band Gap of SOL Gel Spin Coated Zinc Oxide Thin Films. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 2(2), 6-9. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.2.2.2814

Abstract

The zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films have been obtained by sol gel spin coating technique on to the glass substrates kept at 400⁰ C. The conditions have been optimized to obtain quality films. Optical absorption studies to find optical band gap of the films have been made through UV-Visible spectroscopy in the spectral range of 200 -1100 nm. Effect of spin speed on the optical band gap of these films has been studied. Results show that optical band gap of the films get modified on increasing the spin speed of films.

References

[1]. P. Mitra, A. P. Chatterjee, H.S. Maiti, (1998). “ZnO thin film sensor”. Materials Letters, Vol.35, No.1-2, April 1998, pp 33- 38.

[2]. C. H. Kwon, H. K. Hong, D. H. Yun, K. Lee, S. T. Kim, Y. H. Roh, B. H. Lee, (1995). ”Thick-film zinc-oxide gas sensor for the control of lean air-to-fuel ratio in domestic combustion systems” Sens. Actuators B 25,610, Vol 25,No.1, pp 610- 613.

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[5]. J. B. Yoo, A. L. Fahrenbruch, R. H. Bube, (1990). ” Transport mechanisms in ZnO/CdS/CuInSe2 solar cells”, J. Appl.Phys, Vol.68,No. 9 pp. 4694.

[6]. D. Dimova-Malinovska, (1999). ”Application of stainetched porous silicon in light emitting diodes and solar cells”, J. Lumin. Vol.80,No. 1–4,pp 207-211

[7]. Z.-C. Jin, I. Hamberg, C. G. Granqvist, B. E.Sernelius, K.- F. Berggren, (1988). ”Reactively sputtered ZnO: Al films for energy-efficient windows”, Thin Solid Films, Vol.164 pp 381- 386.

[8] .J. G. E. Gardeniers, Z. M. Rittersma, G. J. Burger, (1998). “Preferred orientation and piezoelectricity in sputtered ZnO films” J.Appl. Phys. Vol.83,No.12,pp 7844-7854.

[9]. Soon-Jin So, Choon-Bae Park, (2005). ”Diffusion of phosphorus and arsenic using ampoule-tube method on undoped ZnO thin films and electrical and optical properties of P-type ZnO thin films”, Journal of Crystal Growth 285, Vol.285,No. 4, pp 606-612.

[10]. S. T. Tan, B. J. Chen, X. W. Sun, X. Hu, X. H. Zhang, S. J.Chua, (2005). “Properties of polycrystalline ZnO thin films by metal organic chemical vapor deposition”, Journal of Crystal Growth ,Vol.281,No. 2,pp 571-576.

[11]. Young-Sung Kim, Weon-Pil Tai, Su-Jeong Shu, (2005). ”Effect of preheating temperature on structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films by sol–gel process”, Thin Solid Films, Vol.491,No. 1–2, pp 153-160.

[12]. R. Martins, R. Igreja, I. Ferreira, A. Marques, A.Pimentel, A. Gonçalves, E. Fortunato, (2005). “Room temperature dc and ac electrical behaviour of undoped ZnO films under UV light”, Materials Science and Engineering, Vol.118,No.1,pp 135-140.

[13]. J.Bardeen, F.J.Blatt and L.H.Hall, (1956). “Indirect Transitions from the valence to the conduction bands”, Photoconductivity Conf. Ed. R.Breckenridge, B.Russel and T.Hahn, John-Weiley, New York. pp.146-154

[14].D.S.CHalin , I.A .Talib , A .R.Daud and M.A.A.Hamid,(2009). “The Effect Of Spin Coating Rate On Morphology And Optical Properties Of Cuprous Oxide Thin Film Prepared By Sol-Gel Technique” Solid state science and technology, Vol. 17, No 1,pp 119-125.

[15]. R Capan, N.B.Chaure, A K Hassan and A K Ray, (2004). “Optical dispersion in spun nanocrystalline titania thin films.” Semicod. Sci. Tech, Vol.19 No.2,pp 198-202

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Research Paper

Photoluminescence and Dielectric Studies of Ion Induced Polyethylene Naphthalate

Kusum Devgan* , Navjeet Kaur, Sonika Thakur, Manpreet Kaur, Lakhwant Singh

* Department of Physics, Sanoop Rani Government College for Women, Amritsar, Punjab, India.

Department of Physics, Khalsa College for Women, Amritsar, Punjab, India.

* Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University College, Verka, Amritsar, Punjab, India.

Department of Physics, DAV College, Amritsar, Punjab, India.

* Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.

Devgan, K., Kaur, N., Thakur, S., Kaur, M., & Singh, L. (2014). Photoluminescence and Dielectric Studies of Ion Induced Polyethylene Naphthalate. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 2(2), 10-13. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.2.2.2815

Abstract

Dielectric properties along with photoluminescence phenomenon of ion induced Polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) were 3+ 6+ 10+ analyzed. Li , C , Ni ion beams were used to analyze the modifications induced by swift heavy ions as a function of ion 11 12 2 fluence, ranging from 1x10 to 3x10 ions/cm . Blue shift is observed in PL behavior. Dielectric constant (ε′) for pristine and irradiated samples has also been calculated, which increases with the increase in ion fluence.

References

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[4]. S.Nagata, H. Katsui, K. Takahiro, B. Tsuchiya and T. Shikama, (2010), “Radiation-induced luminescence of PET and PEN films under MeV ion and pulsed UV laser irradiation” Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B, Vol. 268, pp. 3099- 3102.

[5]. P.Y Apel, I.V. Blonskaya, V.R. Oganessian, O.L. Orelovitch and C. Trautmann, (2001). “Morphology of latent etched heavy ion tracks in radiation resistant polymer” Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B, Vol. 185, pp. 216-2 21.

[6]. J. W. Mackersie, M. J. Given, S. J. Macqreqor and R. A. Fouracre, (2001). “Gamma radiation effects in Polyethylene naphthalate-Electrical Properties” IEEE, pp. 183-187.

[7]. D. Boxue and Y. Gao, (2009). “Dynamic behavior of surface charge on gamma-ray irradiated polybutylene naphthalate," Polymer Degradation and Stability, Vol. 94, pp. 139-143.

[8]. J. Scheirs and J.L Gardette, (1997). “Photo-oxidation and photolysis of poly (ethylene naphthalate)” Polymer Degradation and Stability, Vol. 56, pp. 339-350.

[9]. M. Buczkowski, B. Sartowska, D. Wawszczak and W. Starosta, (2001). “Radition resistance of track etched membranes” Radiation Measurements, Vol. 34, pp. 597- 599.

[10]. J F Ziegler, M D Ziegler and J P Biersack (2010). “SRIMThe stopping and range of ions in matter” Nucl. Inst. Meth. Phys. Res. B, Vol. 268, pp. 1818-1823.

[11]. G. Teyssedre, P. Tiemblo, F. Massines and C. Laurent, (1964). “On the UV contribution to plasma-induced luminescence of polypropylene” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phy. Vol. 29, Dec. 1996, pp. 3137-3146. in Plastics, 2nd ed. Vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, , pp. 15–64.

[12]. R. A. M. Rizk, A.M. Abdul-Kader, Z.I. Ali and M. Ali, (2009). “Effect of ion bombardment on the optical properties of LDPE/EPDM polymer blends,” Vacuum, Vol. 83, Jan. pp. 805-808.

[13]. T. Phunkan, D. Kanjilal, T.D. Goswami and H.L. Das, (2005). “Dielectric response of irradiated PADC polymer track detector,” Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B, Vol. 234, July. pp. 520-524.

[14]. T. Phunkan, D. Kanjilal, T.D. Goswami and H.L. Das, (1999). “Dielectric response of heavy ion irradiated PADC track detector,” Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B, Vol. 155, pp. 116-119.

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Research Paper

Spectroscopic Investigations of Anatase Titania Nanoparticles

K. Mohan Reddy* , Devi L.G., P.K. Sahoo*

* Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering Studies, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, India.

Central College, Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, India.

* Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, India.

Reddy, K. M., Devi, L. G., & Sahoo, P. K. (2014). Spectroscopic Investigations of Anatase Titania Nanoparticles. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 2(2), 14-17. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.2.2.2816

Abstract

To investigate the relationship between the particle size and the Raman bands of TiO₂ nanoparticles, two different size- selected samples of TiO₂ nanoparticles were investigated using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), High Resolution TEM (HRTEM), X-ray Photoelectron absorption Spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier Transform Raman spectroscopy (FTRaman). In the Raman spectra, both broadening and shifts of the Raman bands with decreasing particle diameter were observed. In this paper, these Raman shifts are attributed to the effects of decreasing particle size on the force constants and vibrational amplitudes of the nearest neighbor bonds.

References

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[3]. S. Tojo, T. Tachikawa, M. Fujitsuka, T. Majima, (2008). “Iodine-Doped TiO2Photocatalysts: Correlation between band structure and mechanism ”J. Phys.Chem, Vol. 112, No. 38, pp.14948 – 14954, Aug.

[4]. M. S. Wong, S. W. Hsu, K. K. Rao, C. P. Kumar, (2008). “Influence of crystallinity and carbon content on visible light photocatalysis of carbon doped titntania thin films”, J. Mol.Catal. A: Chem., Vol. 279, pp.2–26, Jun.

[5]. H. Kato, A. Kudo, (2002). “Visible-Light-Response and Photo catalytic Activities of tio2 and srtio3 Photo catalysts Codoped with Antimony and Chromium”, J. Phys. Chem. B, Vol.106, No. 16, pp. 5029-5034, Apr.

[6]. T. Matsunaga, R. Tomoda, T. Nakajima, H.Wake, (1985). “Photo electrochemical sterilization of microbial cells by semiconductor powders”, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., Vol. 29, pp. 211-214, Aug.

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Research Paper

Electric Properties of Rare Earth Doped Strontium M-Type Hexagonal Ferrites

Taminder Singh* , Arun Katoch, Iqbal Singh*

, Department of Physics, Khalsa College, Amritsar, India.

BKSJ College of Engineering, Amritsar, India.

Singh, T., Katoch, A., & Singh, I. (2014). Electric Properties of Rare Earth Doped Strontium M-Type Hexagonal Ferrites. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 2(2), 18-22. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.2.2.2817

Abstract

The Seebeck Coefficient for the strontium ferrites Sr RE Fe O (where RE = Dy, x = 0.0, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30), which have 1-x x 12 19 been prepared by employing the ceramic technique, were studied in the temperature range 313-473K. The value of thermoelectric power seems to increase with increasing temperature where as the AC conductivity has been observed to be independent of frequency at high temperatures for all values of x. In the relatively low temperature region, thermoelectric power value has been found to be negative confirming that the majority of carriers are electrons thereby indicating the rare earth substituted strontium ferrites to be classified as n-type semiconductors. The X-ray diffraction patterns show that the prepared samples have a single phase. The lattice parameters 'c' and 'a' were found to decrease whereas the X-ray density increases with increasing RE content. It has been found that the value of electrical conductivity also increases with an increase in RE content. The dispersion of dielectric constant has been discussed in the light of Koops model and hopping conduction mechanism.

References

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[2]. M. Sivakumar, A. Gedanken, W. Zhong, Y.W. Du, D. Bhattacharya, Y. Yeshurun, and I. Felner (2004). “Nanophase formation of strontium hexaferrite fine powder by the sono chemical lmethod using Fe(CO)5”,J. Mag. &Mag. Mater. Vol268(1-2), pp 95-104,

[3]. Y.P. Fu, C. H. Lin, K..Y. Pan, (2003). ”Strontium hexaferrite powders prepared by a microwave-induced combustion process and some of their properties”, J. Alloys Compd., Vol. 349(1-2)pp228-231,

[4]. M.J. Iqbal, M.N. Ashiq, P.H. Gomez and J.M. Munoz, (2008). “Synthesis, physical, magnetic and electrical properties of Al–Ga substituted co-precipitated nanocrystalline strontium hexaferrite”, J. Mag. and Mag. Mater., Vol. 320(60) pp 881-886,

[5]. S.V. Ketov, Yu.D. Yagodkin, A.L. Lebed, Yu.V. Chernopyatova and K. Khlopkov, (2006). “Structure and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline SrFe12O19alloy produced by high-energy ball milling and annealing” J. Mag. and Mag. Mater., Vol. 300(1), pp e479-e481,

[6]. N. Rezlescu, C. Doroftei, E. Rezlescu and P.D. Popa, (2008). “The influence of heat-treatment on microstructure and magnetic properties of rare-earth substituted SrFe O ”, J. Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 451 (1-2), pp 492- 12 19 496,

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Research Paper

Comparison Of Composite Proton Conducting Polymer Gel Electrolytes Containing Weak Aromatic Acids

Dr. Rajiv Kumar*

*Department of Physics, Goswami Ganesh Dutt Sanatan Dharam College, Hariana, Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India.

Kumar, R. (2014). Comparison of composite proton conducting polymer gel electrolytes containing weak aromatic acids. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 2(2), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.2.2.2818

Abstract

Composite proton conducting non aqueous polymer gel electrolytes have been synthesized by dispersing nano sized fumed silica to the polymer gel electrolytes containing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), dimethylacetamide (DMA), benzoic acid (BA) and ortho-hydroxy benzoic acid (o-OHBA). These electrolytes have been characterized by complex impedance spectroscopy, viscosity and pH measurements. The effect of acid, polymer and fumed silica on conductivity, pH and viscosity has been studied for gel electrolytes. Maximum conductivity of 2.95 x 10^-4 S/cm and viscosity of 1.64 x 10⁵ mPas at 25^o C has been obtained. The conductivity of composite gels does not show any appreciable change with time and only a small change in conductivity is observed over the operational range of temperature, which is desirable for their use in device applications.

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i-manager's Journal on Material Science (JMS)

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Volume 2 Issue 2 July - September 2014

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Spin Speed Dependence of Optical Band Gap of SOL Gel Spin Coated Zinc Oxide Thin Films

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Photoluminescence and Dielectric Studies of Ion Induced Polyethylene Naphthalate

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Spectroscopic Investigations of Anatase Titania Nanoparticles

K. Mohan Reddy* , Devi L.G.**, P.K. Sahoo***

* Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering Studies, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, India. ** Central College, Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, India. *** Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, India.

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Electric Properties of Rare Earth Doped Strontium M-Type Hexagonal Ferrites

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*,*** Department of Physics, Khalsa College, Amritsar, India. ** BKSJ College of Engineering, Amritsar, India.

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Comparison Of Composite Proton Conducting Polymer Gel Electrolytes Containing Weak Aromatic Acids

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*Department of Physics, Goswami Ganesh Dutt Sanatan Dharam College, Hariana, Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India.

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Rajesh Kumar* , Aakanksha Sahu, Narinder Arora, Rabia Sareen, Gagandeep Kaur

Kusum Devgan* , Navjeet Kaur, Sonika Thakur, Manpreet Kaur, Lakhwant Singh

K. Mohan Reddy* , Devi L.G., P.K. Sahoo*

* Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering Studies, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, India.

Central College, Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, India.

* Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, India.

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, Department of Physics, Khalsa College, Amritsar, India.

BKSJ College of Engineering, Amritsar, India.