i-manager Publications

i-manager's Journal on Material Science (JMS)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 1

Most Cited

Electrical Properties of Nanocomposite Polymer Gels based on PMMA-DMA/DMC-LiCLO₂ -SiO₂
Comparison Of Composite Proton Conducting Polymer Gel Electrolytes Containing Weak Aromatic Acids
Enhancement in Electrical Properties of PEO Based Nano-Composite Gel Electrolytes
Effect of Donor Number of Plasticizers on Conductivity of Polymer Electrolytes Containing NH₄F
PMMA Based Polymer Gel Electrolyte Containing LiCF₃SO₃

Volume 12 Issue 1 April - June 2024

Research Paper

Addressing Bioprinting Challenges in Tissue Engineering

Sri Manoj Kumar N.* , Atheena Milagi Pandian S., Rashika Murugan*, Sudherson M.****

*-****Atheenapandian Private Limited, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Kumar, N. S. M., Pandian, S. A. M., Murugan, R., and Sudherson, M. (2024). Addressing Bioprinting Challenges in Tissue Engineering. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 12(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.12.1.20880

Abstract

This paper discusses the current challenges and potential solutions in the field of bioprinting tissues and organs. It highlights that most bioprinted tissues are small, composed of few cell types, lack vascular systems, and have limited functionality. This paper emphasizes the need to develop methods to obtain various functional cell types, create vascular systems for nutrient delivery, and enhance the size and capabilities of 3D-printed tissue structures. Additionally, it explores the advancements in nanorobots in the medical field, focusing on their unique properties and applications in various medical areas like cancer, cardiology, and neurology.

References

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[15]. Wang, Y., Kankala, R. K., Ou, C., Chen, A., & Yang, Z. (2022). Advances in hydrogel-based vascularized tissues for tissue repair and drug screening. Bioactive Materials, 9, 198-220.

[16]. Wu, W., DeConinck, A., & Lewis, J. A. (2011). Omnidirectional printing of 3D microvascular networks. Advanced Materials, 23(24), 178-183.

[17]. Yu, J., Vodyanik, M. A., Smuga-Otto, K., Antosiewicz-Bourget, J., Frane, J. L., Tian, S., & Thomson, J. A. (2007). Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells. Science, 318(5858), 1917-1920.

[18]. Zarembinski, T. I., & Skardal, A. (2018). Hydrogels - Smart Materials for Biomedical Applications . IntechOpen.

[19]. Zhang, S. (2002). Emerging biological materials through molecular self-assembly. Biotechnology Advances, 20(5-6), 321-339.

[20]. Zhang, S. (2003). Fabrication of novel biomaterials through molecular self-assembly. Nature Biotechnology, 21(10), 1171-1178.

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Research Paper

Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoflower using Egg Shell Membrane as Template

Harminder Singh*

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.

Singh, H. (2024). Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoflower using Egg Shell Membrane as Template. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 12(1), 12-16. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.12.1.21024

Abstract

In this study, the nanocomposite of eggshell membrane is synthesized with ZnO by the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method, and eggshell membrane, which is used as a template, and decomposed. The end product obtained is nanoflowers of zinc oxide (ZnFs). The petals of nanoflowers obtained are of hexagonal cross-section similar to the unit cell structure of zinc oxide. The CBD parameters of temperature, reaction time, and solution pH were varied extensively during this study to obtain optimized parameters for the growth of ZnFs. The obtained nanoflower structure was analyzed using various characterization techniques of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).

References

[1]. Aminullah, A. K. K., Najma, B., Kasi, J. K., Rafique, S., & Bokhari, M. (2020). Fabrication of piezoelectric nanogenerator using 3D-ZnO nanosheets and optimization of charge storage sys-tem. Materials Research Bulletin, 123, 110711.

[2]. Dong, Q., Su, H., Zhang, D., Liu, Z., & Lai, Y. (2007). Synthesis of hierarchical mesoporous titania with interwoven networks by eggshell membrane directed sol–gel technique. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 98(1-3), 344-351.

[3]. Gan, X., Li, X., Gao, X., & Yu, W. (2009). Investigation on chemical etching process of ZnO nanorods toward nano-tubes. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 481(1-2), 397-401.

[4]. Kilinc, N., Cakmak, O., Kosemen, A., Ermek, E., Ozturk, S., Yerli, Y., & Urey, H. (2014). Fabrication of 1D ZnO nanostructures on MEMS cantilever for VOC sensor applica-tion. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 202, 357-364.

[5]. Liu, Z., Liu, C., Ya, J., & Lei, E. (2011). Controlled synthe-sis of ZnO and TiO2 nanotubes by chemical method and their application in dye-sensitized solar cells. Renewable Energy, 36(4), 1177-1181.

[6]. Meng, X., & Deng, D. (2016). Trash to treasure: waste eggshells used as reactor and template for synthesis of Co9S8 nanorod arrays on carbon fibers for energy storage. Chemistry of Materials, 28(11), 3897-3904.

[7]. Ramesh, P., Saravanan, K., Manogar, P., Johnson, J., Vi-noth, E., & Mayakannan, M. (2021). Green synthesis and characterization of biocompatible zinc oxide nanoparticles and evaluation of its antibacterial potential. Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research, 31, 100399.

[8]. Ray, P. G., & Roy, S. (2016). Eggshell membrane: A natural substrate for immobilization and detection of DNA. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 59, 404-410.

[9]. Sah, M. K., & Rath, S. N. (2016). Soluble eggshell mem-brane: A natural protein to improve the properties of bio-materials used for tissue engineering applications. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 67, 807-821.

[10]. Schlur, L., Calado, J. R., & Spitzer, D. (2018). Synthesis of zinc oxide nanorods or nanotubes on one side of a microcan-tilever. Royal Society Open Science, 5(8), 180510.

[11]. She, G. W., Zhang, X. H., Shi, W. S., Fan, X., Chang, J. C., Lee, C. S., & Liu, C. H. (2008). Controlled synthesis of oriented single-crystal ZnO nanotube arrays on transparent conductive substrates. Applied Physics Letters, 92(5), 053111.

[12]. She, G., Zhang, X., Shi, W., Fan, X., & Chang, J. C. (2007). Electrochemical/chemical synthesis of highly-oriented single-crystal ZnO nanotube arrays on transparent conductive sub-strates. Electrochemistry Communications, 9(12), 2784-2788.

[13]. Su, H., Song, F., Dong, Q., Li, T., Zhang, X., & Zhang, D. (2011). Bio-inspired synthesis of ZnO polyhedral single crys-tals under eggshell membrane direction. Applied Physics A, 104, 269-274.

[14]. Tang, C., Spencer, M. J., & Barnard, A. S. (2014). Activity of ZnO polar surfaces: An insight from surface energies. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 16(40), 22139-22144.

[15]. Wang, H., Li, M., Jia, L., Li, L., Wang, G., Zhang, Y., & Li, G. (2010). Surfactant-assisted in situ chemical etching for the general synthesis of ZnO nanotubes array. Nanoscale Research Letters, 5, 1102-1106.

[16]. Wang, S., Jia, F., Wang, X., Hu, L., Sun, Y., Yin, G., & Liu, B. (2020). Fabrication of ZnO nanoparticles modified by uniformly dispersed Ag nanoparticles: Enhancement of gas sensing performance. ACS Omega, 5(10), 5209-5218.

[17]. Xu, R., Li, S., Yu, S. X., Liu, Y. J., Xie, W., Zhan, Q., & Li, X. (2024). Flow-induced fabrication of ZnO nanostruc-tures in pillar-arrayed microchannels. Lab on a Chip (pp. 1-15).

[18]. Yang, K., She, G. W., Wang, H., Ou, X. M., Zhang, X. H., Lee, C. S., & Lee, S. T. (2009). ZnO nanotube arrays as bio-sensors for glucose. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 113(47), 20169-20172.

[19]. Zhang, W., Zhang, D., Fan, T., Ding, J., Guo, Q., & Ogawa, H. (2006). Fabrication of ZnO microtubes with adjustable nanopores on the walls by the templating of butterfly wing scales. Nanotechnology, 17(3), 840.

[20]. Zhang, Z., & Buitenhuis, J. (2007). Synthesis of uniform silica rods, curved silica wires, and silica bundles using fila-mentous fd virus as a template. Small, 3(3), 424.

[21]. Zhou, H., Fan, T., & Zhang, D. (2007). Hydrothermal syn-thesis of ZnO hollow spheres using spherobacterium as bio-templates. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 100(1-3), 322-327.

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Research Paper

In Vitro and in Vivo Experiment of Antibacterial Silver Nanoparticle-Functionalized Bone Grafting Replacements

Atheena Milagi Pandian S.* , Rashika Murugan, Mohammed Sahil S.*

*-*** Atheenapandian Private Limited, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Pandian, S. A. M., Murugan, R., and Sahil, S. M. (2024). In Vitro and in Vivo Experiment of Antibacterial Silver Nanoparticle-Functionalized Bone Grafting Replacements. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 12(1), 17-22. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.12.1.20892

Abstract

Infection is a serious risk in transplant surgery and should be carefully considered while developing biomaterials. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are gaining popularity due to their ability to enhance antibacterial capabilities against a wide range of bacterial types. This study sought to create two antibacterial bone regenerations by incorporating AgNPs into bovine bone particles (BBX) (Product 1) and a light cross-linked hydrogel GelMA (Product 2). Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the constructions. PrestoBlue™ was used to assess osteoblast and osteoclast metabolic activities on the creations. Optimized AgNP functionalized BBX and GelMA were tested in a rabbit cranial 6mm defect model to assess their regeneration ability. The presence of AgNPs appears to increase. In vitro, osteoblasts proliferated more than AgNP-free controls. It is found that a 100 μg dosage of AgNPs effectively suppresses bacteria while minimizing negative effects on bone cells. The rabbit model indicated that both BBX and GelMA hydrogels loaded with AgNPs were biocompatible, with no evidence of necrosis or inflammation. Grafts functionalized with AgNPs can defend against germs while also serving as a platform for bone cell adhesion.

References

[1]. Abdellatif, A. A., Alhathloul, S. S., Aljohani, A. S., Maswadeh, H., Abdallah, E. M., Hamid Musa, K., & El Hamd, M. A. (2022). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles incorporated aromatherapies utilized for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against some clinical bacterial isolates. Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications, 2022(1), 2432758.

[2]. Abdelmoneim, D., Porter, G. C., Coates, D. E., Duncan, W. J., Waddell, J. N., Hammer, N., & Li, K. C. (2022). The effect of low-processing temperature on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of bovine hydroxyapatite bone substitutes. Materials, 15(8), 2798.

[3]. Abdelmoneim, D., Porter, G., Duncan, W., Lim, K., Easingwood, R., Woodfield, T., & Coates, D. (2023). Three-dimensional evaluation of the cytotoxicity and antibacterial properties of alpha lipoic acid-capped silver nanoparticle constructs for oral applications. Nanomaterials, 13(4), 705.

[4]. Cotton, G. C., Gee, C., Jude, A., Duncan, W. J., Abdelmoneim, D., & Coates, D. E. (2019). Efficacy and safety of alpha lipoic acid-capped silver nanoparticles for oral applications. RSC Advances, 9(12), 6973-6985.

[5]. Inchingolo, F., Hazballa, D., Inchingolo, A. D., Malcangi, G., Marinelli, G., Mancini, A., & Dipalma, G. (2022). Innovative concepts and recent breakthrough for engineered graft and constructs for bone regeneration: A literature systematic review. Materials, 15(3), 1120.

[6]. Jin, J., Wu, Y., Liang, L., Wei, Y., Zheng, X., & Chen, Y. (2023). Altering sliver nanoparticles-induced inhibition to bacterial denitrification via visible light by regulating silver transformation and adaptive mechanism under anaerobic conditions. Chemical Engineering Journal, 452, 139268.

[7]. Lim, K. S., Klotz, B. J., Lindberg, G. C., Melchels, F. P., Hooper, G. J., Malda, J., & Woodfield, T. B. (2019). Visible light cross-linking of gelatin hydrogels offers an enhanced cell microenvironment with improved light penetration depth. Macromolecular Bioscience, 19(6), 1900098.

[8]. Martins, N., & Rodrigues, C. F. (2020). Biomaterial-related infections. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(3), 722.

[9]. Mendes, C. R., Dilarri, G., Forsan, C. F., Sapata, V. D. M. R., Lopes, P. R. M., de Moraes, P. B., & Bidoia, E. D. (2022). Antibacterial action and target mechanisms of zinc oxide nanoparticles against bacterial pathogens. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 2658.

[10]. Mukaratirwa-Muchanyereyi, N., Gusha, C., Mujuru, M., Guyo, U., & Nyoni, S. (2022). Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts from Erythrina abyssinica aerial parts and assessment of their anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant activities. Results in Chemistry, 4, 100402.

[11]. Porter, G. C., Abdelmoneim, D., Li, K. C., Duncan, W. J., & Coates, D. E. (2022). The effect of low-temperature thermal processing on bovine hydroxyapatite bone substitutes, toward bone cell interaction and differentiation. Materials, 15(7), 2504.

[12]. Porter, G. C., Duncan, W. J., Jude, A., Abdelmoneim, D., Easingwood, R. A., & Coates, D. E. (2021). Endocytosed silver nanoparticles degrade in lysosomes to form secondary nanoparticle structures during expression of autophagy genes in osteogenic cells. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, 33, 102355.

[13]. Qing, T., Mahmood, M., Zheng, Y., Biris, A. S., Shi, L., & Casciano, D. A. (2018). A genomic characterization of the influence of silver nanoparticles on bone differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 38(2), 172-179.

[14]. Singh, P., & Mijakovic, I. (2022). Green synthesis and antibacterial applications of gold and s i lver nanoparticles from Ligustrum vulgare berries. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 7902.

[15]. Wi, Y. M., & Patel, R. (2018). Understanding biofilms and novel approaches to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of medical device-associated infections. Infectious Disease Clinics, 32(4), 915-929.

[16]. Xu, Y., Zheng, B., He, J., Cui, Z., & Liu, Y. (2019). Silver nanoparticles promote osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts by regulating the RhoA–TAZ axis. Cell Biology International, 43(8), 910-920.

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Review Paper

Biocompatibility in Orthopedic Implants: Advancements and Challenges

Sri Manoj Kumar N.* , Atheena Milagi Pandian S., Rashika Murugan, Sudherson M., Mohammad Sahil S.

*-***** Atheenapandian Private Limited, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Kumar, N. S. M., Pandian S. A. M., Murugan, R., Sudherson, M., and Sahil, S. M. (2024). Biocompatibility in Orthopedic Implants: Advancements and Challenges. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 12(1), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.12.1.20893

Abstract

For orthopedic implants, biocompatibility is essential to ensure that they integrate with biological systems without causing negative reactions or impairing tissue function. Orthopedic implants must be cellularly acceptable to interact with neighboring tissues, including muscle, cartilage, and bone. Implant materials should not cause cytotoxic reactions or inflammatory responses that might hinder healing or result in long-term inflammation. Progress in surface engineering and biomaterials science is discovering implants that work well with the body, benefiting patients in the long run. The biocompatibility of orthopedic implants, their interaction with surrounding tissues, and the potential for biological problems are all important aspects of their design and operation. Orthopedic implants must be successful and long-lasting to ensure biocompatibility, promote osseointegration (osteointegration), avoid biofilm development, and consider the patient's biological environment. This paper discusses biocompatibility in orthopedic implants, its advancements, and challenges.

References

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[2]. Al-Zyoud, W., Haddadin, D., Hasan, S. A., Jaradat, H., & Kanoun, O. (2023). Biocompatibility testing for implants: A novel tool for selection and characterization. Materials, 16(21), 6881.

[3]. Cruz, M. B., Silva, N., Marques, J. F., Mata, A., Silva, F. S., & Caramês, J. (2022). Biomimetic implant surfaces and their role in biological integration-A concise review. Biomimetics, 7(2), 74.

[4]. Eliaz, N. (2019). Corrosion of metallic biomaterials: A review. Materials, 12(3), 407.

[5]. Golbakhsh, M., Sadaat, M., Noughani, F., Mirbolook, A., Gholizadeh, A., & Abedi, S. (2016). The impact of psychological factors on device removal surgery. Trauma Monthly, 21(2), e25871.

[6]. Grzeskowiak, R. M., Schumacher, J., Dhar, M. S., Harper, D. P., Mulon, P. Y., & Anderson, D. E. (2020). Bone and cartilage interfaces with orthopedic implants: A literature review. Frontiers in Surgery, 7, 601244.

[7]. Haglin, J. M., Eltorai, A. E., Gil, J. A., Marcaccio, S. E., Botero-Hincapie, J., & Daniels, A. H. (2016). Patient specific orthopaedic implants. Orthopaedic Surgery, 8(4), 417-424.

[8]. López-Valverde, N., Aragoneses, J., López-Valverde, A., Rodríguez, C., Macedo de Sousa, B., & Aragoneses, J. M. (2022). Role of chitosan in titanium coatings. Trends and new generations of coatings. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 10, 907589.

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[11]. Williams, D. F. (2022). Biocompatibility pathways and mechanisms for bioactive materials: The bioactivity zone. Bioactive Materials, 10, 306-322.

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Review Paper

Contemporary Approaches towards Emerging Visual Prosthesis Technologies

Rashika Murugan* , Atheena Milagi Pandian S., Mohammed Sahil S.*

*-*** Atheenapandian Private Limited, Tamil Nadu, India.

Murugan, R., Pandian, S. A. M., and Sahil, S. M. (2024). Contemporary Approaches towards Emerging Visual Prosthesis Technologies. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 12(1), 33-38. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.12.1.21033

Abstract

Genetic conditions affecting eyesight can lead to vision loss due to a variety of disorders. These include traumatic events such as car accidents or blast injuries, as well as diseases like retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, and macular degeneration. After an accident or explosion, the remaining portion of the eye's nerve pathway may still function, allowing electrical devices to transmit significant images to the brain through a network of electrodes. Although current devices offer relatively limited vision, there has been significant progress since the initial proof of concept. Three devices have been approved for general use in various regions around the world, and several more are currently undergoing approval. The prospects for widespread adoption of device-based treatments for vision loss are promising. Much of the recent progress is due to advancements in semiconductors and biological compatibility. To create artificial vision and restore functionality, a camera or other image source electrically stimulates the residual healthy cells or tissues.

References

[1]. Beauchamp, M. S., Oswalt, D., Sun, P., Foster, B. L., Magnotti, J. F., Niketeghad, S., & Yoshor, D. (2020). Dynamic stimulation of visual cortex produces form vision in sighted and blind humans. Cell, 181(4), 774-783.

[2]. Borda, E., & Ghezzi, D. (2022). Advances in visual prostheses: Engineering and biological challenges. Progress in Biomedical Engineering, 4(3), 032003.

[3]. Borda, E., & Ghezzi, D. (2022). Advances in visual prostheses: Engineering and biological challenges. Progress in Biomedical Engineering, 4(3), 032003.

[4]. Bosking, W. H., Oswalt, D. N., Foster, B. L., Sun, P., Beauchamp, M. S., & Yoshor, D. (2022). Percepts evoked by multi-electrode stimulation of human visual cortex. Brain Stimulation, 15(5), 1163-1177.

[5]. Chen, X., Wang, F., Fernandez, E., & Roelfsema, P. R. (2020). Shape perception via a high-channel-count neuroprosthesis in monkey visual cortex. Science, 370(6521), 1191-1196.

[6]. Chen, X., Wang, F., Fernandez, E., & Roelfsema, P. R. (2020). Shape perception via a high-channel-count neuroprosthesis in monkey visual cortex. Science, 370(6521), 1191-1196.

[7]. Erickson-Davis, C., & Korzybska, H. (2021). What do blind people “see” with retinal prostheses? Observations and qualitative reports of epiretinal implant users. PloS one, 16(2), e0229189.

[8]. Farnum, A., & Pelled, G. (2020). New vision for visual prostheses. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 14, 36.

[9]. Fernández, E., Alfaro, A., Soto-Sánchez, C., Gonzalez-Lopez, P., Lozano, A. M., Peña, S., & Normann, R. A. (2021). Visual percepts evoked with an intracortical 96-channel microelectrode array inserted in human occipital cortex. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 131(23), e151331.

[10]. Foroushani, A. N., Pack, C. C., & Sawan, M. (2018). Cortical visual prostheses: From microstimulation to functional percept. Journal of Neural Engineering, 15(2), 021005.

[11]. Huang, T. W., Kamins, T. I., Chen, Z. C., Wang, B. Y., Bhuckory, M., Galambos, L., & Palanker, D. (2021). Vertical-junction photodiodes for smaller pixels in retinal prostheses. Journal of Neural Engineering, 18(3), 036015.

[12]. Huang, T. W., Kamins, T. I., Chen, Z. C., Wang, B. Y., Bhuckory, M., Galambos, L., & Palanker, D. (2021). Vertical-junction photodiodes for smaller pixels in retinal prostheses. Journal of Neural Engineering, 18(3), 036015.

[13]. Lim, Z. W., Chee, M. L., Da Soh, Z., Cheung, N., Dai, W., Sahil, T., & Tham, Y. C. (2020). Association between visual impairment and decline in cognitive function in a multiethnic Asian population. JAMA Network Open, 3(4), e203560-e203560.

[14]. Mirochnik, R. M., & Pezaris, J. S. (2019). Contemporary approaches to visual prostheses. Military Medical Research, 6(1), 19.

[15]. Palanker, D., Le Mer, Y., Mohand-Said, S., Muqit, M., & Sahel, J. A. (2020). Photovoltaic restoration of central vision in atrophic age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology, 127(8), 1097-1104.

[16]. Paraskevoudi, N., & Pezaris, J. S. (2021). Full gaze contingency provides better reading performance than head steering alone in a simulation of prosthetic vision. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 11121.

[17]. Petoe, M. A., Titchener, S. A., Kolic, M., Kentler, W. G., Abbott, C. J., Nayagam, D. A., & Allen, P. J. (2021). A second-generation (44-channel) suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis: Interim clinical trial results. Translational Vision Science & Technology, 10(10), 12-12.

[18]. Rassia, K. E. K., & Pezaris, J. S. (2018). Improvement in reading performance through training with simulated thalamic visual prostheses. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 16310.

[19]. Rassia, K. E. K., Moutoussis, K., & Pezaris, J. S. (2022). Reading text works better than watching videos to improve acuity in a simulation of artificial vision. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 12953.

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[21]. Wang, C., Fang, C., Zou, Y., Yang, J., & Sawan, M. (2023). Artificial intelligence techniques for retinal prostheses: A comprehensive review and future direction. Journal of Neural Engineering, 20(1), 011003.

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i-manager's Journal on Material Science (JMS)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 1

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Volume 12 Issue 1 April - June 2024

Addressing Bioprinting Challenges in Tissue Engineering

Sri Manoj Kumar N.* , Atheena Milagi Pandian S.**, Rashika Murugan***, Sudherson M.****

*-****Atheenapandian Private Limited, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Kumar, N. S. M., Pandian, S. A. M., Murugan, R., and Sudherson, M. (2024). Addressing Bioprinting Challenges in Tissue Engineering. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 12(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.12.1.20880

Abstract

References

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Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoflower using Egg Shell Membrane as Template

Harminder Singh*

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.

Singh, H. (2024). Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoflower using Egg Shell Membrane as Template. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 12(1), 12-16. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.12.1.21024

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In Vitro and in Vivo Experiment of Antibacterial Silver Nanoparticle-Functionalized Bone Grafting Replacements

Atheena Milagi Pandian S.* , Rashika Murugan**, Mohammed Sahil S.***

*-*** Atheenapandian Private Limited, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Pandian, S. A. M., Murugan, R., and Sahil, S. M. (2024). In Vitro and in Vivo Experiment of Antibacterial Silver Nanoparticle-Functionalized Bone Grafting Replacements. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 12(1), 17-22. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.12.1.20892

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Biocompatibility in Orthopedic Implants: Advancements and Challenges

Sri Manoj Kumar N.* , Atheena Milagi Pandian S.**, Rashika Murugan***, Sudherson M.****, Mohammad Sahil S.*****

*-***** Atheenapandian Private Limited, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Kumar, N. S. M., Pandian S. A. M., Murugan, R., Sudherson, M., and Sahil, S. M. (2024). Biocompatibility in Orthopedic Implants: Advancements and Challenges. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 12(1), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.12.1.20893

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Contemporary Approaches towards Emerging Visual Prosthesis Technologies

Rashika Murugan* , Atheena Milagi Pandian S.**, Mohammed Sahil S.***

*-*** Atheenapandian Private Limited, Tamil Nadu, India.

Murugan, R., Pandian, S. A. M., and Sahil, S. M. (2024). Contemporary Approaches towards Emerging Visual Prosthesis Technologies. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 12(1), 33-38. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.12.1.21033

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Sri Manoj Kumar N.* , Atheena Milagi Pandian S., Rashika Murugan*, Sudherson M.****

Atheena Milagi Pandian S.* , Rashika Murugan, Mohammed Sahil S.*

Sri Manoj Kumar N.* , Atheena Milagi Pandian S., Rashika Murugan, Sudherson M., Mohammad Sahil S.

Rashika Murugan* , Atheena Milagi Pandian S., Mohammed Sahil S.*