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i-manager's Journal on Material Science (JMS)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 1

Most Cited

Electrical Properties of Nanocomposite Polymer Gels based on PMMA-DMA/DMC-LiCLO₂ -SiO₂
Comparison Of Composite Proton Conducting Polymer Gel Electrolytes Containing Weak Aromatic Acids
Enhancement in Electrical Properties of PEO Based Nano-Composite Gel Electrolytes
Effect of Donor Number of Plasticizers on Conductivity of Polymer Electrolytes Containing NH₄F
PMMA Based Polymer Gel Electrolyte Containing LiCF₃SO₃

Volume 8 Issue 4 January - March 2021

Research Paper

Toughness behaviour of Cryo-Ecap Aluminum 6063 by Charpy Impact Test

Srinivasulu Arnuri * , Swami Naidu Gurugubelli **

*-** Department of Metallurgy, JNTUK University College of Engineering, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Arnuri, S., and Gurugubelli, S. N. (2021). Toughness behaviour of Cryo-Ecap Aluminum 6063 by Charpy Impact Test. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 8(4), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.8.4.17876

Abstract

The severe plastic deformation technique that has attracted the material community in present days is Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP). Ultra fine-grained microstructures can be produced by this technique without a significant change in geometry. The present work describes the study of cryo treatment effect post ECAP aging on impact strength of aluminium 6063 alloy using Charpy impact test. A channel having an angle of 108^o is used for conducting ECAP process. Samples having dimensions of 100 mm X 9.5 mm X 9.5 mm were chosen and these samples solution were treated at 520 ^oC for 120 minutes. These samples were processed into two methods by dividing these solution treated samples into two groups. One set of samples has been dipped in liquid nitrogen for 20 minutes before the ECAP process has been carried out, obtaining Cryo-ECAP samples. The second set of solution-treated samples has been directly subjected to ECAP process, producing RT ECAP samples. The obtained samples dimensions were made suitable for Micro Vickers and Charpy Impact test and were given aging treatment at 180 ^oC for different timings. These two sets of samples are subjected to Micro Vickers hardness tests and Impact tests. The obtained results are correlated with macro and micro examinations.

References

[1]. Arnuri, S., & Gurugubelli, S. N. (2020). NDT evaluation of age hardening kinetics of RT and Cryo–ECAPed Aluminum 6063 alloy from attenuation coefficient and longitudinal velocity measurements obtained by ultrasonic testing. Materials Today: Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.m atpr.2020.05.706

[2]. Baldissera, P., & Delprete, C. (2008). Deep cryogenic treatment: A bibliographic review. The Open Mechanical Engineering Journal, 2(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.2174/18 74155X00802010001

[3]. Bouzada, F., Cabeza, M., Merino, P., & Trillo, S. (2012). Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the microstructure of an aerospace aluminum alloy. In Advanced Materials Research (Vol. 445, pp. 965-970). Trans Tech Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.445.965

[4]. Cerri, E., & Leo, P. (2005). Influence of severe plastic deformation on aging of Al–Mg–Si alloys. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 410, 226-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.135

[5]. Chen, Y., Li, Y., He, L., Lu, C., Ding, H., & Li, Q. (2008). The influence of cryoECAP on microstructure and property of commercial pure aluminum. Materials Letters, 62(17-18), 2821-2824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2008.01.091

[6]. Cubides, Y., Zhao, D., Nash, L., Yadav, D., Xie, K., Karaman, I., & Castaneda, H. (2020). Effects of dynamic recrystallization and strain-induced dynamic precipitation on the corrosion behavior of partially recrystallized Mg–9Al–1Zn alloys. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 8(4), 1016-1037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2020.09.005

[7]. Hayoune, A. (2012). Thermal analysis of the impact of RT storage time on the strengthening of an Al-Mg-Si alloy. Materials Sciences and Applications, 3(7), 460-466. https:// doi.org/10.4236/msa.2012.37065

[8]. Kalia, S. (2010). Cryogenic processing: A study of materials at low temperatures. Journal of Low Temperature Physics, 158(5), 934-945. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909- 009-0058-x

[9]. Panigrahi, S. K., Jayaganthan, R., & Pancholi, V. (2009). Effect of plastic deformation conditions on microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of Al 6063 alloy. Materials & Design, 30(6), 1894-1901. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.matdes.2008.09.022

[10]. Shanmugasundaram, T., Murty, B. S., & Sarma, V. S. (2006). Development of ultrafine grained high strength Al–Cu alloy by cryorolling. Scripta Materialia, 54(12), 2013- 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.03.012

[11]. Valiev, R. Z., & Langdon, T. G. (2006). Principles of equal-channel angular pressing as a processing tool for grain refinement. Progress in Materials Science, 51(7), 881- 981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2006.02.003

[12]. Varadala, A. B., Gurugubelli, S. N., & Bandaru, S. (2018). Equal channel angular extrusion of semicircular AA 5083 covered with copper casing. Emerging Materials Research, 7(3), 160-163. https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.1 8.00026

[13]. Varadala, A. B., Gurugubelli, S. N., & Bandaru, S. (2018). Equal-channel angular extrusion of Al 5083 alloy with copper shielding. Emerging Materials Research, 7(4), 227-232. https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.18.00043

[14]. Varadala, A. B., Gurugubelli, S. N., & Bandaru, S. (2019). Enhancement of structural and mechanical behavior of Al-Mg alloy processed by ECAE. Materials Today: Proceedings, 18, 2147-2151. https://doi.org/10.101 6/j.matpr.2019.06.654

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Research Paper

Rotational Barrier of Diatomic Polar Impurities in Potassium Chloride Crystal Structure

Farag G. Elmzughi * , Mohamed Mansor **

*-** Faculty of Science, Physics Department, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya.

Elmzughi, F. G., and Mansor, M. (2021). Rotational Barrier of Diatomic Polar Impurities in Potassium Chloride Crystal Structure. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 8(4), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.8.4.17889

Abstract

Expressions for the rotational barrier height parameters K₁ and K₂ have been derived for dilute OH-impurity in KCl, KBr and KI lattices. These values are derived using an ab initio calculations using point charge point dipole model, which appears to be suited for the present systems. The obtained values are close to what is observed generally for such systems. The results explains the the energy orientational configuration direction for each system. The value of potential parameters K₁ and K₂ also describes the energy eigen values for the rotor

References

[1]. Ahtee, M., & Hewat, A. W. (1978). Structural phase transitions in sodium-potassium niobate solid solutions by neutron powder diffraction. Acta Crystallographica Section A: Crystal Physics, Diffraction, Theoretical and General Crystallography, 34(2), 309-317. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0 56773947800056X

[2]. Baker, D. W., Thomas, P. A., Zhang, N., & Glazer, A. M. (2009). A comprehensive study of the phase diagram of KxNa −xNbO . Applied Physics Letters, 95(9). https://doi.org 1 3 /10.1063/1.3212861

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Research Paper

The Extensive Study of Thermal and Kinetic Behavior as Non Isothermal Degradation with the Help of TGA: Rajasthan Rocks Minerals

Chetan M. Patel * , Chirag D. Patel **

*-** Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India.

Patel, C. M., and Patel, C. D. (2021). The Extensive Study of Thermal and Kinetic Behavior as Non Isothermal Degradation with the Help of TGA: Rajasthan Rocks Minerals. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 8(4), 20-30. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.8.4.17564

Abstract

The nature and content of rock minerals have a significant impact on the behavior and properties of rocks and the entire rock massif. The rock mineral such as calcite, china clay, talc and whiting in the form of rock specimen has been collected from various part of Rajasthan. The final materials in the form of powder in micrometer size were obtained using mechanical method. In the current paper, thermal behavior using TGA of all the rock minerals were studied and discussed briefly. The thermodynamics parameters were also determined with Broido method. Parameters such as Activation Energy Enthalpy, Entropy and Gibbs energy were computed from the TGA data using Broido method. The dynamic temperature aspect has been considered eventually and the results were presented in respective section. The DSC measurements curve illustrates heat flow with rising temperature. Specific heat capacities and thermal diffusivities of rock's minerals were measured form the analytical data. The investigation peak and region corresponding to enthalpy involved in the process has been identified in schematic DSC curve. Present investigation deals with measurement of the enthalpy of fusion, enthalpy of crystallization and melting point of minerals besides some other thermal event measurement briefly discussed at room temperature to decomposition temperature. All the measurements and calculations were carried out with scientific evidences. Phase transitions, transition due to resultant energy changes as well as glass transitions has also been recognized and discussed.

References

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Research Paper

Optimization of Layer Thickness of HTL Free Perovskite Solar Cell

Tharun T. * , Manimegala A. , Vasantharthan A. , Vinitha N. , Shenbagapriya M.

*-***** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Knowledge Institute of Technology, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.

Tharun, T., Manimegala, A., Vasantharthan, A., Vinith, N., and Shenbagapriya, M. (2021). Optimization of Layer Thickness of HTL Free Perovskite Solar Cell. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 8(4), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.8.4.17536

Abstract

In the last 10 years, perovskite solar cells (PSC) had their efficiencies increased from 3.8% to 25.5% while other photovoltaic technologies have never witnessed such dramatic increase in such short span of time. Despite interesting properties of the perovskite material, it suffers from poor moisture, UV and temperature stability. In this work, we intend to create a solar cell design by removing the hole transporting layer along with the use of bilayer electron transporting layer. The thickness of all the layers in the solar cell are optimized with GPVDM simulation software to get higher efficiency. This is done to enhance the stability while having more efficiency for a HTL free device architecture. Efficiency of nearly 15.6% has been obtained for the layer thickness optimized device.

References

[1]. Ahmed, S., Shaffer, J., Harris, J., Pham, M., Daniel, A., Chowdhury, S., & Banerjee, S. (2019). Simulation studies of non-toxic tin-based perovskites: Critical insights into solar performance kinetics through comparison with standard lead-based devices. Superlattices and Microstructures, 130, 20-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2019.04.017

[2]. Baena, J. P. C., Abate, A., Saliba, M., Tress, W., Jacobsson, T. J., Gratzel, M., & Hagfeldt, A. (2017). The rapid evolution of highly efficient perovskite solar cells. Energy & Environmental Science, 10, 710-727. https://doi. org/10.1039/C6EE03397K

[3]. Boyd, C. C., Cheacharoen, R., Leijtens, T., & McGehee, M. D. (2018). Understanding degradation mechanisms and improving stability of perovskite photovoltaics. Chemical Reviews, 119(5), 3418-3451. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00336

[4]. Etgar, L. (2016). Hole-transport material-free perovskitebased solar cells. MRS Bulletin, 40, 674-679. https://doi.org/ 10.1557/mrs.2015.174

[5]. Green, M. A., Ho-Baillie, A., Snaith, H. J. (2014). The emergence of perovskite solar cells. Nature Photonics, 8, 506-512. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2014.134

[6]. Hima, A., Lakhdar, N., Benhaoua, B., Saadoune, A., Kemerchou, I., & Rogti, F. (2019). An optimized perovskite solar cell designs for high conversion efficiency. Superlattices and Microstructures, 129, 240-246. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2019.04.007

[7]. Pham, M., Harris, J., Shaffer, J., Daniel, A., Chowdhury, S., Ali, A., ... & Ahmed, S. (2019). Bismuth perovskite as a viable alternative to Pb perovskite solar cells: Device simulations to delineate critical efficiency dynamics. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 30(10), 9438-9443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019- 01275-3

[8]. Qiu, W., Buffiere, M., Brammertz, G., Paetzold, U. W., Froyen, L., Heremans, P., & Cheyns, D. (2015). High efficiency perovskite solar cells using a PCBM/ZnO double electron transport layer and a short air-aging step. Organic Electronics, 26, 30-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.201 5.06.046

[9]. Saquib, A., Harris, J., Shaffer, J., Devgun, M., Chowdhury, S., Abdullah, A., & Banerjee, S. (2019). Simulation studies of Sn-based perovskites with Cu backcontact for non-toxic and non-corrosive devices. Journal of Materials Research, 34(16), 2789-2795. https://doi.org/10. 1557/jmr.2019.204

[10]. Snaith, H. J. (2013). Perovskites: The emergence of a new era for low-cost, high-efficiency solar cells. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 4(21), 3623-3630. https:// doi.org/10.1021/jz4020162

[11]. Wang, K., Lin, Z., Ma, J., Liu, Z., Zhou, L., Du, J., ... & Hao, Y. (2017). High-performance simple-structured planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells achieved by precursor optimization. ACS Omega, 2(9), 6250-6258.

[12]. Wang, R., Mujahid, M., Duan, Y., Wang, Z. K., Xue, J., & Yang, Y. (2019). A review of perovskites solar cell stability. Advanced Functional Materials, 29(47). https://doi.org/ 10.1002/adfm.201808843

[13]. Zhang, L. Q., Zhang, X. W., Yin, Z. G., Jiang, Q., Liu, X., Meng, J. H., ... & Wang, H. L. (2015). Highly efficient and stable planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells via a low temperature solution process. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 3(23), 12133-12138. https://doi.org/10.1039/ C5TA01898F

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Research Paper

Investigation of Dynamic behaviour on Hybrid Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites

Arun C. Dixit * , S. A. Mohan Krishna , B. C. Ashok , Vismay K. G., Shivashankar R.

*-***** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.

Dixit, A. C., Krishna, S. A. M., Ashok, B. C., Vismay, K. G., and Shivashankar, R. (2021). Investigation of Dynamic behaviour on Hybrid Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 8(4), 38-48. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.8.4.17932

Abstract

Vibrational and damping characteristics of composites are important in many applications, including ground-based and airborne vehicles, space structures, and sporting goods. In response to a transient or dynamic loading, structures can experience excessive vibrations that create high noise levels, stress fatigue failure, premature wear, operator discomfort, and unsafe operating conditions. Most of the research work is focused mainly on the characterization of mechanical, tribological and microstructure properties. Tungsten carbide is attractive as reinforcement because it has high hardness, high modulus of elasticity and excellent thermal stability. From the literature review, it is evident that only limited studies have been carried out on the aluminium-tungsten carbide (WC) metal matrix composites. In this project, we investigated the dynamic behaviour of aluminium hybrid metal matrix composites using tungsten carbide and fly ash as reinforcements.

References

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Volume 8 Issue 4 January - March 2021

Toughness behaviour of Cryo-Ecap Aluminum 6063 by Charpy Impact Test

Srinivasulu Arnuri * , Swami Naidu Gurugubelli **

*-** Department of Metallurgy, JNTUK University College of Engineering, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Arnuri, S., and Gurugubelli, S. N. (2021). Toughness behaviour of Cryo-Ecap Aluminum 6063 by Charpy Impact Test. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 8(4), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.8.4.17876

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Rotational Barrier of Diatomic Polar Impurities in Potassium Chloride Crystal Structure

Farag G. Elmzughi * , Mohamed Mansor **

*-** Faculty of Science, Physics Department, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya.

Elmzughi, F. G., and Mansor, M. (2021). Rotational Barrier of Diatomic Polar Impurities in Potassium Chloride Crystal Structure. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 8(4), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.8.4.17889

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The Extensive Study of Thermal and Kinetic Behavior as Non Isothermal Degradation with the Help of TGA: Rajasthan Rocks Minerals

Chetan M. Patel * , Chirag D. Patel **

*-** Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India.

Patel, C. M., and Patel, C. D. (2021). The Extensive Study of Thermal and Kinetic Behavior as Non Isothermal Degradation with the Help of TGA: Rajasthan Rocks Minerals. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 8(4), 20-30. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.8.4.17564

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Optimization of Layer Thickness of HTL Free Perovskite Solar Cell

Tharun T. * , Manimegala A. **, Vasantharthan A. ***, Vinitha N. ****, Shenbagapriya M. *****

*-***** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Knowledge Institute of Technology, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.

Tharun, T., Manimegala, A., Vasantharthan, A., Vinith, N., and Shenbagapriya, M. (2021). Optimization of Layer Thickness of HTL Free Perovskite Solar Cell. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 8(4), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.8.4.17536

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Investigation of Dynamic behaviour on Hybrid Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites

Arun C. Dixit * , S. A. Mohan Krishna **, B. C. Ashok ***, Vismay K. G.****, Shivashankar R.*****

*-***** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.

Dixit, A. C., Krishna, S. A. M., Ashok, B. C., Vismay, K. G., and Shivashankar, R. (2021). Investigation of Dynamic behaviour on Hybrid Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 8(4), 38-48. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.8.4.17932

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Tharun T. * , Manimegala A. , Vasantharthan A. , Vinitha N. , Shenbagapriya M.

Arun C. Dixit * , S. A. Mohan Krishna , B. C. Ashok , Vismay K. G., Shivashankar R.