i-manager Publications

i-manager's Journal on Wireless Communication Networks (JWCN)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 1

5G Wireless Communication Systems: Performance Analysis and Optimization using Massive MIMO Technology
Performance Optimization of 5G NR Technology for Industrial Automation
A Comparative Analysis of SDON and Traditional Optical Networks in Elastic Optical Environments
A Review of Techniques for Minimizing Energy Consumption and Enhancing Lifespan in Wireless Sensor Networks
NodeMCU and Wireless Sensor Networks in Agriculture: A Review of Environmental Parameter Sensing

Most Cited

Volume 4 Issue 4 January - March 2016 [Open Access]

Research Paper

Enhancing Mobility Management and Supporting 3D Visualization

Hanafy Mahmoud Ali*

Assistant Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Computers and Systems Engineering, Minia University, El Minia, Egypt.

Ali, H.M. (2016). Enhancing Mobility Management and Supporting 3D Visualization. i-manager's Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 4(4), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.4.4.5909

Abstract

The mobility manager specifies the way the nodes move through space during simulation. It holds location state that other modules can access at any time using a function call, and it notifies the wireless channel periodically of the position of a node. According to Castalia Manual, it implements only one mobility pattern module, the simple Line Mobility Manager. This will allow the user to define a simple line as a path for his node. Therefore, nodes can only move with this line. The user just describes the destination point of a line segment (starting point is the starting location of the node) and thus defines a trajectory for the node to move back and forth. Additionally, Castalia has no 3D visualization engine, and therefore users cannot visualize their simulated nodes and space in 3D. In this paper, an enhanced mobility manager will be presented to overcome many drawbacks of Castalia's traditional mobility manager. The presented mobility manager can deal with paths rather than lines. This will allow users to simulate nodes moving with any possibilities within the simulation space. Additionally, a 3D visualization engine will be integrated so that users can visualize their simulated 3D spaces and node easily.

References

[1]. B. Harjito and S. Han, (2010). "Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks Applications and Security Challenges". in 2010 International Conference on Broadband, Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications. pp.842- 846.

[2]. E. Gurses and O. Akan, (2005). "Multimedia communication in wireless sensor networks". Ann. Telecommun., Vol.60, No.7, pp.799-827.

[3]. S. Misra, M. Reisslein and G. Xue, (2008). "A survey of multimedia streaming in wireless sensor networks". IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Vol.10, No.8, pp.18- 39.

[4]. C. Nastasi and A. Cavallaro, (2011). "WiSE-MNet: an experimental environement for wireless multimedia sensor networks". Sensor Signal Precessing for Defence (SSPD 2011), pp.1-5.

[5]. X. Wang, S. Wang and D. Bi, (2009). "Distributed visualtarget- surveillance system in wireless sensor networks". IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern. B, Vol.39, No.5, pp.1134- 1146.

[6]. W.-T. Chen, P.-Y. Chen, W.-S. Lee and C.-F. Huang, (2008). "Design and implementation of a real time video surveillance system with wireless sensor networks". in IEEE th 67 Veh. Technol. Conf.: VTC2008 Spring, Marina Bay, Singapore.

[7]. S. Sert, A. Yazici and A. Cosar, (2014). "Data fusion and processing in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks: An nd analysis for surveillance applications". in 22 Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU).

[8]. M. Alaei and J. M. Barcelo-Ordinas, (2012). "A hybrid cooperative design for energy-efficient surveillance in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks". in European th Wireless, EW, 18 European Wireless Conference.

[9]. S. Bouaziz, M. Fan, A. Lambert, T. Maurin and R. Reynaud, (2003). "PICAR: experimental platform for road tracking applications". in IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium.

[10]. J. Campbell, P. Gibbons, S. Nath, P. Pillai, S. Seshan and R. Sukthankar, (2005). "IrisNet: an Internet-scale architecture for multimedia sensors". in ACM Multimedia Conference.

[11]. F. Hu and S. Kumar, (2003). "Multimedia query with QoS considerations for wireless sensor networks in telemedicine". in Intl. Conf. on Internet Multimedia Management Systems, Orlando, FL.

[12]. A. Reeves, (2005). "Remote Monitoring of patients suffering from early symptoms of Dementia". in Intl. Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks, London, UK.

[13]. R. Holman, J. Stanley and T. Ozkan-Haller, (2003). "Applying video sensor networks to nearshore environment monitoring". IEEE Perv. Comput., Vol.2, No.4, pp.14-21.

[14]. A. A. K. S., K. Ovsthus and L. M. Kristensen, (2014). "An Industrial Perspective on Wireless Sensor Networks — A Survey of Requirements, Protocols, and Challenges". IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Vol.16, No.3, pp.1391-1412.

[15]. I. Akyildiz, T. Melodia and K. Chowdhury, (2007). "A survey on wireless multimedia sensor networks". Computer Networks, Vol.51, No.4, pp.921-960.

[16]. H. Sundani, H. Li, V. K. Devabhaktuni, M. Alam, and P. Bhattacharya, (2011). “ Wireless Sensor Network Simulators A Survey and Comparisons”. International Journal of Computer Networks, Vol.2, pp.249-256.

[17]. F. G. Marmol and G. M. Perez, (2009). “TRMSim-WSN, Trust and Reputation Models Simulator for Wireless Sensor Networks”. in Proceedings of IEEE ICC 2009, IEEE International Conference on Communications, (Dresden, Germany), pp.14-18.

[18]. M. Imran, A. M. Said, and H. Hasbullah, (2010). “A Survey of Simulators, Emulators and Testbeds for Wireless th Sensor Networks”. in Proceedings of ITSim 2010, 4 International Symposium on Information Technology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Vol.2, pp.897-902.

[19]. H. Sundani, H. Li, V. K. Devabhaktuni, M. Alam, and P. Bhattacharya, (2011). “ Wireless Sensor Network Simulators A Survey and Comparisons”. International Journal of Computer Networks, Vol.2, pp.249-256.

[20]. OMNeT++. Home Page. Retrieved from http://www.omnetpp.org [accessed on September, 2007].

[21]. Varga, A. (2001). “The OMNeT++ Discrete Event Simulation System”. In the Proceedings of the European Simulation Multiconference (ESM2001. June 6-9, 2001. Prague, Czech Republic).

[22]. Kaage, U., V. Kahmann, F. Jondral. (2001). “An OMNeT++ TCP Model”. Proceedings of the European Simulation Multiconference (ESM 2001), June 7-9, Prague.

[23]. Wehrle, K, J. Reber, V. Kahmann. (2001). “A Simulation Suite for Internet Nodes with the Ability to Integrate Arbitrary Quality of Service Behavior”. In Proceedings of the Communication Networks and Distributed Systems Modeling and Simulation Conference, Phoenix (AZ), USA.

[24]. Bajaj, S., L. Breslau, D. Estrin, K. Fall, S. Floyd, P. Haldar, M. Handley, A. Helmy, J. Heidemann, P. Huang, S. Kumar, S. McCanne, R. Rejaie, P. Sharma, K. Varadhan, Y. Xu, H. Yu and D. Zappala. (2000). “Improving simulation for network research”. IEEE Computer (to appear, a preliminary draft is currently available as USC technical report 99-702).

[25]. OPNET Technologies, Inc. OPNET Modeler. Retrieved from http://www.opnet.com [accessed on September, 2007]

[26]. A. Boulis, (2011). "Castalia - A simulator for Wireless Sensor Networks and Body Area Networks User's Manual Version 3.2". NICTA.

[27]. OpenCV. OpenCV Organization Homepage. Retrieved from opencv.org [Accessed 2015].

[28]. Nvidia. "Nvidia CUDA Zone - OpenCV," Nvidia, 2014. Retrieved from https://developer.nvidia.com/ opencv [Accessed 2015].

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Research Paper

A Multiband Slot Antenna with Enhanced Bandwidth for Wi-MAX and WLAN Applications

Tanuj Kumar Gond* , R. K. Chauhan, R.K. Prasad*

* PG Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India.

Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India.

* Associate Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India.

Gond, T.K., Chauhan, R.K., and Prasad,R.K. (2016). A Multiband Slot Antenna with Enhanced Bandwidth for Wi-Max and WLAN Applications. i-manager's Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 4(4), 10-15. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.4.4.5910

Abstract

The design of the slot antenna with three bands for worldwide interoperability for microwave access (Wi-Max) and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) has been presented. This antenna consists of a leaf shaped slot and a triangular parasitic patch. Area of the designed antenna is 40×40 mm² and height of the designed antenna is 1.6 mm. For the purpose of feeding, a 50Ω microstrip line is used in this design. To improve the bandwidth and gain of the designed antenna, a triangular parasitic patch is used. After doing a parametric study on the parameters of the designed antenna a triple frequency band is presented. Simulated bandwidth, defined by -10db return loss can reach an operating bandwidth of 4GHz at the operating frequency 4.5GHz. The simulated result signifies that the effective bandwidth of the designed antenna is 84.15% from 2.65GHz to 6.55GHz with -10db return loss. After getting the simulated results, the designed antenna can cover the frequency band 3.27-3.97 GHz for Wi-Max systems and 5.17-5.93 GHz for the IEEE 802.11a WLAN systems.

References

[1]. J.Y. Jan and J.W. Su, (2005). “Bandwidth enhancement of a printed wide-slot antenna with a rotated slot”. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol.53, No.6, pp.2111-2114.

[2]. Y. Sung, (2012). “Bandwidth Enhancement of a Microstrip Line Fed Printed Wide-Slot Antenna with a Parasitic Centre Patch”. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propag. Vol.60, No.4, pp.1712-1716.

[3]. Wei Xing Liu, Yin Zeng Yin, Wen Long Xu, and Shao Li Zuo, (2011). “Compact Open Slot Antenna With Bandwidth Enhancement”. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. Vol.10, No.8, pp.850-853.

[4]. Shi-Wei Qu, Jia-Lin Li, Jian-Xin Chen, and Quan Xue, (2007). “Ultra-wideband Strip-Loaded Circular Slot Antenna With Improved Radiation Patterns”. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propag. Vol.55, No.11, pp.3348-3353.

[5]. P. Li, J. Liang, and X. Chen, (2006). “Study of printed elliptical/circular slot antennas for ultra-wideband applications”. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol.54, No.6, pp.1670-1675.

[6]. J. Y. Sze and K. L. Wong, (2001). “Bandwidth enhancement of a micro strip line-fed printed wide-slot antenna”. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol.49, No.7, pp.1020-1024.

[7]. Kai Xu Wang and Hang Wong, (2005). “A Circularly Polarized Antenna by Using Rotated-Stair Dielectric Resonator”. IEEE Trans. and Wireless Propag. Vol.14, pp.787-790.

[8]. V.A. Nguyel, R.A. Bhatti and S.O. Park, (2008). “A Simple PIFA Based Tunable Internet Antenna for Personal Communication Handset”. IEEE Trans. Wireless Propog. Letter, Vol.7, pp.130-133.

[9]. N.Behbad and K. Sarabandi, (2006). “Dual Band Reconfigurable Antenna with a Very Wide Tenability Range”. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol.54, No.2, pp.409-416.

[10]. H. Okabe and K. Takei, (2001). “Tunable Antenna System for 1.9GHz PCS Handset”. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol.1, pp.166-169.

[11]. D. Peroulis, K. Sarabandi and L.B.P. Katehi, (2005). “Design of reconfigurable antennas”. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol.53, No.7, pp. 645-654.

[12]. F. Yang and Y.R. Samii, (2002). “A reconfigurable patch antenna using switchable slots for circular polarisation diversity”. IEEE Micro Wireless Comp. Lett., Vol.12, No.3, pp.96-98.

[13]. High Frequency Structure Simulation (HFSS), (2013). Version 13, Ansoft Corp. Canonsburg, PA.

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Research Paper

Design of a C-Shaped Microstrip Antenna with Slotted Patch for Wi-Max and WLAN

Abhinav Arya* , R.K. Prasad, R. K. Chauhan*

* PG Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India.

Associate Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India.

* Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India.

Arya, A., Prasad, R.K., and Chauhan, R.K. (2016). Design of a C-Shaped Microstrip Antenna with Slotted Patch for Wi-Max and WLAN. i-manager's Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 4(4), 16-19. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.4.4.5911

Abstract

C-shaped microstrip patch antenna with slotted patch has been proposed in this paper. Its design is easy and consist of two L-shape slots in lower patch as well as upper patch. A square shape is also placed between the patch and the feeding point. The design is used for WI-MAX as well as WLAN at 3.5-3.7 GHz frequency range. The results are measured at -6 db because of mobile services. The simulation is done using HFSS. All the results have better DC biasing parameters.

References

[1]. Constantine A. Balanis. Antenna Theory- Analysis and rd Design, 3 Edition. A John Wiley & Sons, INC., Publication.

[2]. C.A. Balanis, (1989). Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics. John Wiley and Sons, New York.

[3]. Masoud Sabaghi, S. Reza Hadianamrei M. Reza Kouchaki, & M. Sadat Miri, (2011). “C-Band Wideband Single Patch E Shaped Compact Microstrip Antenna”. International Journal of Science and Advanced Technology, (ISSN 2221-8386), Vol.1, No.9, pp.59-63.

[4]. Shuo Liu & Wen Wu. “Single-Feed Dual-Layer Dual- Band E-Shaped and U-Slot Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication Application”. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[5]. P. Salonen, J. Kim, and Y. Rahmat-Samii, (2005). “Dual- Band E-Shaped Patch Wearable Textile Antenna”. in IEEE AP-S Int. Antenna and Propag. Symp. Digest, pp.466-469.

[6]. F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, (2002). “Reconfigurable Patch Antenna Using Switchable Slots for Circular Polarization Diversity”. IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., Vol.12, No.3, pp.96-98.

[7]. S. H. Hsu and K. Chang, (2007). “A Novel Reconfigurable Microstrip Antenna With Switchable Circular Polarization”. IEEE Antenna and Wireless Propag. Letters, Vol.6, pp.160-162.

[8]. Wei AO, et al., (2013). “Analysis and Design of EShaped EShaped Dual-frequency Microstrip Antenna Based on CPSO Algorithm”. ICCSEE, pp.487-491.

[9]. David M. Pozar, (1992). “Microstrip Antennas”. Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol.80, No.1. pp.79-91.

[10]. D. M. Pozar and D. H. Schaubert, (1995). “Microstrip Antennas: The Analysis and Design of Microstrip Antennas and Arrays”. IEEE Press, New York.

[11]. W.S. Chen, C.K. Wu, and K.L. Wong, (2001). “Novel compact circularly polarized square microstrip antenna”. IEEE Trans. Antennas Prop. Vol.49, pp.340-342.

[12]. G.F. Pedersen and J. Bach Andersen, (1994). "Integrated antennas for hand-held Telephones with low absorption". IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf., pp.1537- 1540.

[13]. High Frequency Structure Simulation (HFSS), (2013). Version 13, Ansoft Corp, Canonsburg, PA.

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Review Paper

A Survey on Energy Efficient Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

K.V. Praveen Kumar* , B.M. Thippeswamy, S. Reshma*, M.K. Banga**, V. Udaya Rani*, K.R. Venugopal****

* Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, REVA University, Bangalore, India.

Professor and Head, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sambram Institute of Technology. Bangalore, India.

* Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sambram Institute of Technology. Bangalore, India.

Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India.

* Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, REVA University, Bangalore, India.

Praveen Kumar, K.V., Thippeswamy, B.M., Reshma, S., Banga,M.K., Rani, V.U., and Venugopal, K.R. (2016). A Survey on Energy Efficient Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks. i-manager's Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 4(4), 20-37. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.4.4.5912

Abstract

Energy efficiency is one of the critical issues in the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), since sensor devices are tiny and integrated with a limited capacity battery. In most of the advanced applications, WSNs operate in very harsh areas and not under supervision of human controls. Routing protocols play a significant role in energy balancing by incorporating the techniques that can reduce control overhead, proper data aggregation method and feasible path selection. It demands a unique requirement due to its frequent topology changes and distributive nature. One of the major concerns in the design of routing protocol in WSNs is efficient energy usage and prolonging Network lifetime. This paper mainly discusses different issues related to energy efficiency in routing protocols of all categories. It incorporates most recent routing protocols which improves the energy efficiency in various application environments. This paper also provides comprehensive details of each protocol which emphasize their principles and explore their advantages and limitations. These protocols belong to different classifications based on Network Structures, communication model, topology and QoS parameters. It also includes more relevant and prominent comparisons with all recent State-of-Art works.

References

[1]. Md. Atiqur Rahman, Shashed Anwar, Md. Ileas Pramanik, and Md. Ferdous Rahman, (2013). “Survey on Energy Efficient Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Network”. ICACT, pp.200-205.

[2]. Sheng Yu, Baoxian Zhang, cheng Li, and Hussein T. Mouftah, (2014). “Routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks with Mobile Sinks:A Survey”. IEEE Communications Magazine, pp.150-157.

[3]. Morteza M. Zanjireh and Hadi Larijani. A, (2015). “Survey on Centralised and Distributed Clustering Routing Algorithms for WSNs”. IEEE, pp.208-214.

[4]. Sudeep Varshney, Chiranjeev Kumar, and Abhishek Swaroop, (2015). “A Comparative Study of Hierarchical Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks”. IEEE, pp.1018- 1023.

[5]. M. Aslam, N. Javaid, A. Rahim, U. Nazir, A. Bibi, and Z. A. Khan, (2012). “Survey of Extended LEACH-Based Clustering Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks”. IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications, Vol.14, pp.1232- 1239.

[6]. Theofanis P. Lambrou and Christos G. Panayiotou, (2009). “A Survey on Routing Techniques supporting Mobility in Sensor Networks”. IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks, Vol.5, pp.78-85.

[7]. Xuxun Liu, (2015). “A typical Hierarchical Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review”. IEEE Sensors Journal.

[8]. E. Shi, and A. Perrig, (2004). “Designing Secure Sensor Networks”. IEEE Wireless Commun., Vol.11, No.6, pp.38- 43.

[9]. A. Basharat, N. Catbas, and M. Shah, (2005). “A Framework for Intelligent Sensor Network with Video Camera for Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges”. In Proc. 3^rd IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom), Hawaii, pp.385- 389.

[10]. J. Paek, K. Chintalapudi, R. Govindan, J. Caffrey, and S. Masri, (2005). “A Wireless Sensor Network for Structural Health Monitoring: Per formance and Experience”. In Proc. 2^nd IEEE Workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors EmNetS-II, Syndey Australia, pp.1-10.

[11]. S. Li, (2006). “Wireless Sensor Actuator Network for Light Monitoring and Control Application”. In Proc. IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, Las Vegas, Vol.2, pp.974-978.

[12]. C. Lombriser, N. Bharatula, D. Roggen, and G. Troster, (2007). “On-Body Activity Recognition in a Dynamic Sensor Network”. In Proc. 2^nd International Conference on Body Area Networks (BodyNets), Florence, Italy, Vol.17, pp.1-6.

[13]. P. Gibbons, B. Karp, Y. Ke, S. Nath, and S. Seshan, (2003). “IrisNet: An Architecture for a Worldwide Sensor Web”. IEEE Pervasive Computing, Vol.2, No.4, pp.22-33.

[14]. M. Srivastava, M. Hansen, J. Burke, A. Parker, S. Reddy, G. Saurabh,M. Allman, V. Paxson, and D. Estrin, (2006). “Wireless Urban Sensing System”. CENS Technical Report 65, pp.1-20.

[15]. A. Dunkels, R. Gold, S. Marti, A. Pears, and M. Uddenfeldt, (2005). “Janus: An Architecture for Flexible Access to Sensor Nnetwork”. In Proc. 1^st ACM Workshop on Dynamic Interconnection of Networks, Cologne, Germany, pp.48-52.

[16]. Q. Wang, M. Hempstead, and W. Yang, (2006). “A Realistic Power Consumption Model for Wireless Sensor Network Devices” . In Proc.3^rd Annual IEEE Communications Society on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, Reston, Vol.1, pp.286- 295.

[17]. A. Dunkels, F. Osterlind, N. Tsiftes, and Z. He, (2007). “Software-Based On Line Energy Estimation for Sensor Nodes”. In Proc. 4^th workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors, New York, USA, pp.28-32.

[18]. S. Kellner, M. Pink, D. Meier, and E. Blass, (2008). “Towards a Realistic Energy Model for Wireless Sensor Networks”. In Proc. 5^th Annual Conference on Wireless on Demand Network Systems and Services, Garmisch, pp.97-100.

[19]. Q. Wang, and W. Yang, (2007). “Energy Consumption Model for Power Management in Wireless Sensor Networks” . In Proc. 4^th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, San Diego, pp.142-151.

[20]. A. Shareef, and Y. Zhu, (2010). “Energy Modeling of Wireless Sensor Nodes Based on Petri Nets”. In Proc. 39^th International Conference on Parallel Processing, San Diego, pp.101-110.

[21]. Vignesh M., Sujay E.K., Tharanya M., Saranya R., and D. Jayachandran, (2014). “An energy efficient routing protocol using NCPR and GNDA algorithms”. In International Journal of Computer and Communication Technologies, Vol.2, No.5, ISSN No.:2278-9723.

[22]. N. Yaakob, I. Khalil, H. Kumarage, M. Atiquizzaman, Z. Tari, (2013). “By-passing infected areas in wireless sensor networks using BPR”. In IEEE Transactions on Computers, DOI.10.1109/TC 2014-234J400.

[23]. Netrali Patil, Suraj Patil, Prasanth Mishra and Sachin Chavan, (2014). “AODV based improved method for detecting good neighbor nodes with energy efficiency”. In International Journal of Affication or Innovation in Engineering and Management, ISSN: 2319-4847, Vol.3, No.4.

[24]. Nidhi Goel and Megha Agarwal, (2015). “Smart grid networks: A state of art review”. Signal Processing and Communication (ICSC), International Conference on, pp.122 -126.

[25]. Peng Zhou, Siwei Jiang, Athirai Irissappane, Jie Zhang, Jianying Zhou and Joseph Chee Ming Teo, (2015). “Towards energy-efficiency trust system through watch dog optimization for WSNs”. In IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, Vol.10, No.3, pp.613- 625.

[26]. Aboobaker Sidhik, Koyamparambil Mammu, Ashwani Sharma, Unai Hernandez-Jayo, and Nekane Sainz, (2013). “A novel cluster-based energy efficient routing in wireless sensor networks”. In IEEE 27^th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, DOI 10. 1109/AINA.2013. 106, pp.41-47.

[27]. Stefanos A. Nikolidakis, Dionisis Kandris, Dimitrios D. Vergados and Christos Douligeri S., (2013). “Energy efficienct routing in wireless sensor networks through balanced clustering”. In Algorithms, ISSN: 1999-4893, Vol.6, pp.29-42, DOI: 10.3390/A6010029.

[28]. Indrajit Banerjee, Prasenjit Chanak, Biplab Kumar Sikdar and Hafizur Rahaman, (2011). “EER: Energy efficient routing in wireless sensor networks”. In Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Students Technology Symposium, pp.92-97.

[29]. Gaurav Khatana and Manju, (2014). ''Energy efficient algorithm for routing problem in wireless sensor networks”. In IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering.

[30]. Sohini Roy and Ayan Kumar Das, (2014). “Energy Efficient Cluster Based Routing Protocol (EECBRP) for wireless sensor network”. In First International Conference on Networks and Soft Computing, pp.26-29.

[31]. Abhijith H.V. and Sindhu M.P., (2015). “Energy efficient multilevel hierarchical data aggregation mechanism for wireless sensor networks”. In IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC), pp.149-153.

[32]. Noor Zaman, Tung Jang Low and Turki Alghamdi, (2014). “Energy efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor network”. In Proceedings of ICACT 2014, pp.808- 814.

[33]. Pushpak Verma and Anuj Kumar Dwivedi, (2015). “HEERNLP: Heirarchical-energy efficient reactive network layer protocol for WSNs”. In 2^nd International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development, pp.1709-1711.

[34]. Zohre Arabi, “HERF: A hybrid energy efficient routing using a fuzzy method in wireless sensor networks”.

[35]. Hai Lin, Lusheng Wang and Ruoshan Kong, (2015). “Energy efficient clustering protocol for large-scale sensor networks”. In IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol.15, No.12, pp.7150- 7160.

[36]. Yanwei Wu, Xiang-Yang Li, YunHao Liu, Wei Lau, (2010). “Energy efficient wake-up scheduling for data collection and aggregation”. In IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol.21, No.2, pp.275- 287.

[37]. M.R. Ebenezar Jebarani and T. Jayanthy, (2010). “An analysis of various parameters in wireless sensor networks using adaptive FEC techniques”. In International Journal of Ad-Hoc, Sensor and Ubiquitous Comouting, Vol.1, No.3.

[38]. Usman Raza, Alessandro Camerra, Army L. Murphy, Themis Palpanas and Gian Pietro Picco, (2015). “Practical data prediction for real-work wireless sensor networks”. In IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol.27, No.8, pp.2231-2244.

[39]. Dejng Zhang and Enqing Dong, (2015). ''A virtual coordinate-based bypassing void routing for wireless sensor networks”. In IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol.15, No.7, pp.3853-3862.

[40]. Hari Prabhat Gupta, S.V. Rao, Amit Kumar Yadav and Tanima Dutta, (2015). “Geographic routing in clustered wireless sensor networks among obstacles”. In IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol.15, No.5, pp.2984-2992.

[41]. D. Chinh Hoang, R. Kumar and S Kumar Panda, (2012). “Optimal data aggregation tree in wireless sensor networks based on intelligent water drops algorithm”. In IET Wireless Sensor Systems, ISSN: 2043-6386, DOI: 10.1049/IET-WSS. 2011.0146, Vol.2, No.3, pp.282-292.

[42]. Jalal Habibi, Amir G. Aghdam and Ali Ghrayeb, (2015). ''A framework for evaluating the best achievable performance by distrubted lifetime-efficient routing schemes in wireless sensor networks”. In IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Vol.14, No.6, pp.3231- 3246.

[43]. Songtao Guo, Yuanyuan Yang and Cong Wang, (2015). ''DaGCM: A concurrent data uploading framework for mobile data gathering in wireless sensor networks”. In IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, DOI: 10.1109/TMC.2015.2 418202.

[44]. Tseng-Yi Chen, Hsin-Wen Wei, Che-Rung Lee, Fu- Nan Huang, Tsan-sheng Hsu and Wei-Kuan Shih, (2012). “EEGRA: Energy efficient geographic routing algorithms for wireless sensor networks”. In International Symposium on Pervasive Systems, Algorithms and Networks, DOI: 10.1109/I-SPAN. 2012.22, pp.104-113.

[45]. Maleq Khan, Gopal Pandurangan and Bharat Bhargava, (2003). “Energy efficient routing schemes for wireless sensor network”.

[46]. Hamed Yousefi, Marzieh Malekimajd, Majid Asouri and Ali Movaghar, (2015). “Fast aggregation scheduling in wireless sensor networks”. In IEEE Transaction on Wireless Communications, Vol.14, No.6, pp.3402-3414.

[47]. P Rodolfo W.L., Countinho, Azzegine Boukerche, Luiz F.M. Vieria and Antonio A.F. Loureiro, (2015). “Geographic and opportunistic routing for underwater sensor networks”. In IEEE Transactions on Computers, DOI: 10.1109/TC.2015.2423677.

[48]. Haibo Zhang and Hong Shen, (2010). “Energyefficient beaconless geographic routing in wireless sensor networks”. In IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributing Systems, Vol.21, No.6, pp.881-896.

[49]. Hamed Yousefi, Ali Dabirmoghaddam, Kambiz Mizanian and Amir Hossein Jahangir. “Score based reliable routing in wireless sensor networks”.

[50]. Ch Indrajeeth Singh, Krishnachaitanya Katkam and V. Sundar Ratnam, (2012). “Reliable routing in wireless sensor networks”. In International Journal of Latest Research in Science and Technology, Vol.1, No.4, pp.408-412.

[51]. S. Suganya, P. Prabaharan and L. Malathi, (2013). In International Journal of Research in Computer and Communication Technology, Vol.2, No.11, pp. 2320- 5156.

[52]. Sandhya Khurana, Neelima Gupta and Nagendra Aneja, (2006). “Reliable ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocol”. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Networking.

[53]. Supriya Bamane and Rajesh Singh, (2014). “Detecting good neighbor nodes and finding reliable routing path based on AODV protocol”, In IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering, e-ISSN: 2278-6661, p-ISSN:2278- 8727, Vol.16, No.1, pp.12-19.

[54]. Marcello Cinque, Domenico Cotroneo, Giapaolo De Caro and Massimiliano Palella, (2006). “Reliability requirements of wireless sensor networks for dynamic structural monitoring”. International Workshop on Applied Software Reliability (WASR 2006), pp.8-13.

[55]. Sebastin Christhu Raj A, Helensupriya M. and Shanmuga Priya S., (2014). ''Reliable energy efficieny routing algorithms in wireless ad-hoc networks”. In International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, ISSN:2277-8616, Vol.3, No.4.

[56]. Antonio Damaso, Nelson Rosa and Paulo Maciel, “Reliability of Wireless Sensor Networks”. Open Access Sensor, pp.15760-85.

[57]. Keontaek Lee, Sunju Park and Seung-Jae Han, (2015). “Energy efficient gathering of delay tolerant sensing data in wireless sensor networks”, In Proceedings of ICOIN 2015, pp.183-188.

[58]. Curt Schurgers and Mani B Srivastava. “Energy efficient routing in wireless sensor networks”.

[59]. Weiqiang Xu, Yushu Zhang, Qingjiang Shiand Xiaodong Wang, (2015). “Energy management and cross layer optimization for wireless sensor network powered by heterogeneous energy sources”, In IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Vol.14, No.5, pp.2814-2826.

[60]. Ju Ren, Yaoxue Zhang, Kuan Zhang, Anfenf Liu, Jianer Chen and Xuemin, (2014). “Lifetime and energy hole evolution analysis in data gathering wireless sensor networks”. In IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, DOI: 10.1109/T11.2015.2411231.

[61]. BBjoy Das, Suman Sankar Bhunia, Sarbani Roy and Nandini Mukherjee, (2015). “Multi-criteria routing in wireless sensor network using weighted protocol model and relative routing”. In IEEE Applications and Innovations in Mobile Computing (AIMOC), pp.132-136.

[62]. Di Tang, Tongtong Li, Jian Ren and Jie Wu, (2005). “Cost-Aware Secure Routing (CASER) protocol design for wireless sensor networks”. In IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol.26, No.4, pp.960-973.

[63]. Anfeng Liu, Zhongming Zheng, Chao Zhang, Zhigang Chen and Xuemin Shen, (2012). “Secure and energy efficient disjoint multipath routing for WSNs”. In IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol.61, No.7, pp.3255-3265.

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Review Paper

Study and Comparison of Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network: A Review

Anamika* , H.L. Mandoria, B.K. Pandey*

* PG Scholar, Department of Information Technology, G.B.P.U.A & T, Pantnagar, India.

- Assistant Professor, Department of Information Technology, G.B.P.U.A & T, Pantnagar, India.

* Professor & Head, Department of Information Technology, G.B.P.U.A & T, Pantnagar, India.

Anamika, Kumar, A., Mandoria, H.L., and Pandey, B.K. (2016). Study and Comparison of Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network: A Review. i-manager's Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 4(4), 38-45. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.4.4.5913

Abstract

In the past years, the wireless sensor networks are a emerging and trending technology because of its interesting applications to replace humans to monitor the physical and environmental conditions in industrial, civilians and military uses. The sensor nodes are battery operated, therefore these networks are energy constrained. An optimum trade-off is required in between energy dissipation, accuracy and latency in data transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks for longer network lifetime and effective message or throughput. The main goal of Research in Wireless Sensor Network is to devise novel energy efficient routing solutions to save the energy of motes, thereby maximizing the lifetime of sensor nodes. Topology control or clustering of sensor nodes can balance the load among sensor nodes, which increases the network lifetime and the scalability period of sensor nodes in Wireless Sensor Network. This paper provides a review on various hierarchical energy efficient clustering protocols along with the applications of the Wireless Sensor Networks.

References

[1]. W. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan and H. Balakrishnan, (2000). “Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks”. Proceedings rd of the 33 Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS '00), pp.1-10.

[2]. A. Manjeshwar and D.P. Agarwal, (2001). “TEEN: A routing protocol for enhanced efficency in wireless sensor st networks”. In 1 International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Computing Issues in Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing, IPDCIWNMC.

[3]. A. Manjeshwar and D.P. Agarwal, (2002). “APTEEN: A hybrid protocol for efficient routing and comprehensive information retrieval in Wireless Sensor Networks”. In Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, Proceedings international, IPDPS, pp.195-202.

[4]. S. Lindsey, and C.S. Raghavenda, (2002). “PEGASIS: Power Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems”. Proceeding of the IEEE Aerospace Conference, Big Sky, Montana.

[5]. G. Samaragdakis, I. Matta, and A. Bestavros, (2004). “ SEP: A Stable Election Protocol for clustered heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network”. In: Second International Workshop on Sensor and Actor Network Protocols and Applications (SANPA 2004).

[6]. O. Younis and S. Fahmy, (2004). “HEED: A Hybrid, Energy- Efficient, Distributed Clustering Approach for AdHoc Sensor Networks”. IEEE Transactionson Mobile Computing, pp.366-379.

[7]. L. Qing, Q. Zhu, and M. Wang, (2006). “Design of a distributed energy-efficient clustering algorithm for heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks”. ELSEVIER, Computer Communications 29, pp.2230-2237.

[8]. B. Elbhiri, R. Saadane, S. El Fkihi., and D. Aboutajdine, (2010). "Developed Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering (DDEEC) for heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks". I/V th Communications and Mobile Network (ISVC), 5 International Symposium

[9]. P. Saini and A. K. Sharma, (2010). “E-DEEC- Enhanced Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering Scheme for st heterogeneous WSN”. 1 International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing.

[10]. P. Saini and A. K. Sharma, (2010). “Energy Efficient Scheme for Clustering Protocol Prolonging the Lifetime of Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks”. International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol.6, No.2, pp.30-36.

[11]. N. Javaid, T.N. Qureshi, A.H. Khan, A. Iqbal, E. Akhtar, and M. Ishfaq, “EDDEEC: Enhanced Developed Distributed Energy-efficient Clustering for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks”. Procedia Computer Science, Vol.19, pp.914-919, ISSN 1877-0509.

[12]. T. N. Qureshi, N. Javaid, A. H. Khan, A. Iqbal, E. Akhtar, and M. Ishfaq, (2013). “Balanced Energy Efficient Network Integrated Super Heterogeneous Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks”. Procedia Computer Science, Vol.19, pp.920-925.

[13]. Anamika Chauhan and Amit Kaushik, (2014). “TADEEC: Threshold Sensitive Advanced Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks”. International Journal of Computer Applications, (ISSN: 0975-8887), Vol.96, No.23.

[14]. N. Javaid, S. N. Mohammad, K. Latif, U. Qasim and Z. A. Khan, and M. A. Khan, (2013). “HEER: Hybrid Energy Efficient Reactive Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks”, nd 2 IEEE Saudi International Electronics, Communications and Photonics Conference (SIECPC 13), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

[15]. Javaid, M. Waseem, Z. A. Khan, U. Qasim, K. Latif and A. Javaid, (2013). “ACH: Away Cluster Heads Scheme nd for Energy Efficient Clustering Protocols in WSNs”. 2 IEEE Saudi International Electronics, Communications and Photonics Conference (SIECPC 13), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

[16]. G. Chandini, and Rajavali Guntur, (2014). “Energy Efficient Zonal Stable Election Protocol for WSNs”. International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE), Vol.3, No.12.

[17]. Manpreet Kaur et al., (2014). “TLH-DEEC: Two Level Hierarchical Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering Technique for Wireless Sensor Network”. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-018, Vol.3, No.4.

[18]. Amarjit Kaur, and Simarjeet Kaur, (2015). “Energy Efficient Heterogeneous Routing Protocol for Maximizing the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks”. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Vol.5, No.11, ISSN: 2277 128X.

[19]. Mansi Panwar, and S.D. Samantaray, (2015). “An Improved E-DEEC Protocol using Periodic and Threshold- Sensitive Data Transmission in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network”. International Journal of Computer Science Engineering (IJCSE), ISSN: 2319-7323, Vol.4, No.4.

[20]. Abhijit Singh, and Shashi B. Rana, (2015). “Heterogeneous Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network: A Survey”. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Vol.2, No.3.

[21]. Sohraby, K. Minoli, and D. Znati, (2007). Wireless Sensor Networks: Technology, Protocols, and Applications. John Wiley and Sons, ISBN 978-0-471- 74300-2, pp.203-209.

[22]. Alemdar and A. Ibnkahla, (2007). “Wireless Sensor Networks: Applications and Challenges”. In Proceedings th of the 9 International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, pp.1- 7.

[23]. M. Jagadeeswara Reddy, P. Suman Prakash, and P. Chenna Reddy, (2013 ) . “Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Energy Schemes for Hierarchical Cluster Based Routing Protocols in WSN: A Survey”. Springer New York Series, Vol.150, Series ISSN 1876-1100.

[24]. Pranavi Tayal, Hardwari Lal Mandoria, and Himanshu Chanyal, (2013). “Simulation in Wireless Sensor Network: A Review”. in Proceedings of National Conference on Trends in Signal Processing & Communication (TSPC'13).

[25]. Tripti Arya and Ashok Kumar, (2015). “Study Of VANET Environment Using Different Clustering Techniques”. All India Seminar AETSD-2015, June 12-13, 2015, Pantnagar.

[26]. Yogesh Kumar Dhingra and Hardwari Lal Mandoria, (2015). “End to End Delay and Packet Delivery Ratio Analysis of Leach Protocol In Wireless Sensor Network”. International Journal For Research in Emerging Science and Technology, Vol.2, No.8.

[27]. Awantika, Ashok Kumar, H.L. Mandoria, (2014). “Efficiency of Proactive and Reactive Routing Protocols in VANET”. i-manager's Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, Vol.3, No.1.

[28]. Harish Tureha, Ashok Kumar, and H.L. Mandoria, (2014). “Performance Assessment of Reactive Routing Protocols Using Random Way Point Mobility Model in MANET ”. i - manager 's Journal on Wire less Communication Networks, Vol.1, No.1, pp.1-7.

i-manager's Journal on Wireless Communication Networks (JWCN)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 1

Most Read

Most Cited

Volume 4 Issue 4 January - March 2016 [Open Access]

Enhancing Mobility Management and Supporting 3D Visualization

Hanafy Mahmoud Ali*

Assistant Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Computers and Systems Engineering, Minia University, El Minia, Egypt.

Ali, H.M. (2016). Enhancing Mobility Management and Supporting 3D Visualization. i-manager's Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 4(4), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.4.4.5909

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

A Multiband Slot Antenna with Enhanced Bandwidth for Wi-MAX and WLAN Applications

Tanuj Kumar Gond* , R. K. Chauhan**, R.K. Prasad***

Gond, T.K., Chauhan, R.K., and Prasad,R.K. (2016). A Multiband Slot Antenna with Enhanced Bandwidth for Wi-Max and WLAN Applications. i-manager's Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 4(4), 10-15. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.4.4.5910

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Design of a C-Shaped Microstrip Antenna with Slotted Patch for Wi-Max and WLAN

Abhinav Arya* , R.K. Prasad**, R. K. Chauhan***

Arya, A., Prasad, R.K., and Chauhan, R.K. (2016). Design of a C-Shaped Microstrip Antenna with Slotted Patch for Wi-Max and WLAN. i-manager's Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 4(4), 16-19. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.4.4.5911

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

A Survey on Energy Efficient Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

K.V. Praveen Kumar* , B.M. Thippeswamy**, S. Reshma***, M.K. Banga****, V. Udaya Rani*****, K.R. Venugopal******

Praveen Kumar, K.V., Thippeswamy, B.M., Reshma, S., Banga,M.K., Rani, V.U., and Venugopal, K.R. (2016). A Survey on Energy Efficient Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks. i-manager's Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 4(4), 20-37. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.4.4.5912

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Study and Comparison of Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network: A Review

Anamika* , H.L. Mandoria**, B.K. Pandey***

* PG Scholar, Department of Information Technology, G.B.P.U.A & T, Pantnagar, India. **-**** Assistant Professor, Department of Information Technology, G.B.P.U.A & T, Pantnagar, India. *** Professor & Head, Department of Information Technology, G.B.P.U.A & T, Pantnagar, India.

Anamika, Kumar, A., Mandoria, H.L., and Pandey, B.K. (2016). Study and Comparison of Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network: A Review. i-manager's Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 4(4), 38-45. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.4.4.5913

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Tanuj Kumar Gond* , R. K. Chauhan, R.K. Prasad*

Abhinav Arya* , R.K. Prasad, R. K. Chauhan*

K.V. Praveen Kumar* , B.M. Thippeswamy, S. Reshma*, M.K. Banga**, V. Udaya Rani*, K.R. Venugopal****

Anamika* , H.L. Mandoria, B.K. Pandey*

* PG Scholar, Department of Information Technology, G.B.P.U.A & T, Pantnagar, India.

- Assistant Professor, Department of Information Technology, G.B.P.U.A & T, Pantnagar, India.

* Professor & Head, Department of Information Technology, G.B.P.U.A & T, Pantnagar, India.