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i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering (JEE)

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PV-grid Performance improvement through Integrated Intelligent Water Drop Optimization with Neural Network for Maximum Power Point Tracking
A Digital Healthcare Monitoring System with Real-Time Analysis
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Electric Vehicles in Modern Transportation: Environmental Impacts, Configurations, and Future Trends – A Review
GTO Technique Based Hybrid Power System Controller Design

Most Cited

Volume 5 Issue 1 July - September 2011

Research Paper

Large Scale Power Flow Study Using Newton- FGMRES Method

M Venu Gopala Rao* , Somlal Jarupula, V. Anwesh Kumar*

* Professor, Department of EEE, K L University, Vijayawada, A.P, India.c

Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, K L University, Vijayawada, A.P, India.

* M.Tech. Student, Department of EEE, K L University, Vijayawada, A.P, India.

M. Venu Gopala Rao, Somlal Jarupula and V. Anwesh Kumar (2011). Large Scale Power Flow Study Using Newton- FGMRES Method. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 5(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.5.1.1547

Abstract

A majority of computational efforts in the Newton Power Flow method lies in solving a set of linear equations. The traditional direct methods have been popular in solving a set of linear equations. However, the direct methods will find the exact solutions after a finite number of steps. Iterative methods, on the other hand, successively approximate the solutions to a predetermined degree of accuracy based on an initial guess. The preconditioners for “normalizing” linearized power mismatch equations were fixed at each Newton iteration. Recently, an adaptive preconditioner was proposed for the Jacobian-Free Newton-GMRES(m) method. Numerical studies shows that the proposed Newton- FGMRES method may consistently outperforms the traditional Newton method on practical power systems. In this paper, the FGMRES method is applied to solve linear equations arising from the Newton Power Flow Method. The authors have performed the analysis of both the methods for IEEE 30, 57 and 118 bus systems.

References

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[3]. M. A. Pai & H. Dag, (1997). “Iterative solver techniques in large scale power system computation,” in Proc. 36th IEEE Conf. Decision and Control, San Diego, CA, pp. 3861–3866.

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[5]. A. Semlyen, (1996). “Fundamental concepts of a Krylov subspace power flow methodology,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., Vol. 11, No. 3, pp.1528–1534, Aug.

[6]. A. J. Flueck & H. D. Chiang, (1998). “Solving the nonlinear power flow equations with an inexact Newton method using GMRES,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., Vol.13, No. 2, pp. 267–273, May.

[7]. Y. Chen & C. Shen, 2006. “A Jacobian-free Newton- GMRES(m) method with adaptive preconditioner and its application for power flow calculations,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., Vol. 21, No.3, pp. 1096–1103, Aug.

[8]. Y. Saad, (1993). “A flexible inner-outer preconditioned GMRES algorithm,” SIAM J. Sci. Stat. Comput., Vol. 14, No.2, pp. 461–469,

[9]. F. D. Galiana, H. Javidi, & S. McFee, (1994). “On the application of a preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm to power network analysis,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., Vol. 9, No.2, pp. 629–636, May.

[10]. H. Mori, H. Tanaka, & J. Kanno, (1996). “A preconditioned fast decoupled power flow method for contingency screening,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 357–363, Feb.

[11]. M.A. Pai, P.W. Sauer, & A.Y. Kulkarni, (1995). “A preconditioned iterative solver for dynamic simulation of power systems,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits and Systems, pp.1279–1282.

[12]. H. Dag & A. Semlyen, (2003). “A new preconditioned conjugate gradient power flow,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 1248–1255,Nov.

[13]. Yi-Shan Zhang & Hsiao-Dong (2010). “Fast Newton- FGMRES Solver for Large-Scale Power Flow Study” IEEE trans.power syst,Vol.25, No.2,May.

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Research Paper

GA And PSO Algorithms For Solving Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch Problems Incorporating Facts Devices And Statistical Analysis

G. V. Siva Krishna Rao* , K. Vaisakh, P.Kanta Rao*

, , Department of Electrical Engineering, AU College of Engineering.

G. V. Siva Krishna Rao, K. Vaisakh and P. Kanta Rao (2011). GA And PSO Algorithms For Solving Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch Problems Incorporating Facts Devices And Statistical Analysis. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 5(1), 5-20. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.5.1.1551

Abstract

This paper presents the comparative application of two metaheuristic approaches: Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to the solution of the reactive power and voltage control problem. Efficient distribution of reactive power in an electric network leads to minimization of the system losses and improvement of the system voltage profile. It can be achieved by varying the excitation of generators, on-load tap changer positions of transformers as well as by switching of discrete portions of inductors or capacitors etc. The feasibility, effectiveness and generic nature of both GA and PSO approaches investigated are exemplarily demonstrated on the IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 30-bus, and IEEE 57-bus test systems with and without Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices. Comparisons were made between the two approaches in terms of the solution quality and convergence characteristics. An innovative statistical analysis based on central tendency measures and dispersion measures was carried out on the bus voltage profiles and voltage stability indices

References

[1]. H.W. Dommel & W.F. Tinney, (1968). “Optimal Power Flow Solutions”, IEEE Trans. Power Apparatus and systems, Vol. PAS-87, Oct, pp. 1866-1876.

[2]. Lee, K.Y., Park, Y.M & Ortiz, J.L (1985). “A United Approach to Optimal Real and Reactive Power Dispatch”, IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and Systems, PAS-104, pp.1147-1153.

[3]. Granville, S. (1994). “Optimal reactive power dispatch through interior point methods”, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol.9, No.1, February.

[4]. Da Costa, G.R.M. (1997). “Optimal reactive dispatch through primal-dual method”, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol.12, No.2, pp. 669-674.,

[5]. G A. Bakare, G.K. Venayagamoorthy & U.O. Aliyu (2005). “Reactive Power and Voltage Control of the Nigerian Grid System Using Micro-Genetic Algorithm”, Proceedings of IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting.

[6]. M.A.H. El-Sayeed, (1998). “Ruled Based Approach for Real Time Reactive Power Control in Interconnected Power System”, Expert System with applications, 14, pp. 335-360.

[7]. V. Miranda, D. Srinivasan and L. Proenca, (1998). “Evolutionary Computation in Power Systems”, Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 89-98.

[8]. H. Yoshida K. Kawata Y. Fukuyama and Y. Nakanishi, (2000). “A Particle Swarm Optimization for Reactive Power and Voltage Control Considering Voltage Stability Assessment”, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 15, No. 4, November, pp. 1232-1241.

[9]. G. Krost and G.A. Bakare, (1999). “A Genetic Algorithm Based Approach for Improvement in Voltage Profile and Real Power Loss Minimization” Proceedings of the IEEE Power Tech '99 Conference, Budapest (Hungary), August 29 - September 2, Section 24, paper BP99-293-23.

[10]. Bakare, (2001). Removal of Overload and Voltage Problems using Genetic Algorithm and Expert Systems, Dissertation Gerhard Mercator University, Duisburg, Germany.

[11]. P. Kessel and H. Glavitsch, (1986). “Estimating the voltage stability of a power system”, IEEE Trans. on PD, Vol.1,No.3, pp. 346-354.

[12]. Fuer te-Esquivel, C.R, & Acha, E.(1998). Incorporation of UPFC model in an optional power flow using Newtons method', IEE Proc. –Gen-Transm.Distrib., Vol145, No.3 May , pp 336-344.

[13]. Gyugyi,L. (1992). ”Unified power flow controller concept for flexible AC Transmission system”, IEE Proceedings-C Vol-139, No.4, pp 323-331 July.

[14]. Gyugyi,L.et al. (1995). ”Unified power flow controller: A new Approach to power transmission control”, IEEE Trans on power Delivery Vol,10,No.2, pp1085-1097 April.

[15]. Noroozian, M., Angquist, L., Ghandhari, M., & Anderson, G.:'Use of UPFC for optimal power flow control'. IEEE iKTH Stockholm Power tech conference.

[16]. A. Nabavi-Niaki, M.R. Iravani, (1996). 'Steady-state and dynamic models of Unified Power Flow controller (UPFC) for power system studies' IEEE Trans. On Power System, Vol 11.No. 4, Nov., pp.1937-1943.

[17]. Y.H. Song, J.Y. Liu, P.A. Mehta, (1999). 'Power injection modeling and optimal multiplier power flow algorithm for steady-state studies of unified power flow controllers', Electric Power System Research Vol.52,pp.51-59.

[18]. Ying Xiao Y.H.Song, Y.Z.sun, (2000). “power Injection method and Linear programming for FACTS Control” in Proceedings of IEEE -7803-5935-6.

[19]. Nemat-Talebi et al. (2004). “ An efficient power injection modeling and sequential; power flow Algorithm for FACTS Devices”, IEEE 0-7803.

[20]. K.K. Sen (1998), “SSSC-Static Synchronous series Compensator: Theory, Modeling, and Applications”, IEEE Trans, On Power Delivery, Vol.13,No.1, pp.241-246.

[21]. A.H. Norouzi and A.M.Sharaf (2005), “ two Control Schemes to Enhance the Dynamic Performace of the STATCOM and SSSC”, IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, Vol.20, No.1,pp. 435-442.

[22]. A.C. Pradhan nd P.W .Lehn (2006), “ Frequency- Domain Analysis of the Static Synchronous Series Compensator”, IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, Vol.21, No.1,pp.440-449.

[23]. C.A. Canizares (2000), “Power Flow and Transient Stability Models of FACTS Controllers for Voltage and angle Stabilit Studies”, IEEE/PES WM Panel on Modeling, Simulation, and Applications of FACTS Controllers in angle and Voltage Stability studies Singapore.

[24]. C.J. Hatziadoniu & A.T. Funk (1996), “Development of a Control Scheme for Series-Connected solid-State Synchronous Voltage Source”, IEEE trans. On Power Delivery, Vol.11,No.2,pp.1138-1144.

[25]. S.C. Gupta, & V.K. Kapoor, “Fudamental of mathematical Statistics, 9th Edition, S. Chand & Sons, New Delhi, India.

[26]. Holland, J.H. Adaptation, (1975).in Natural and Artificial Systems, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.

[27]. D. Goldberg, (1989). Genetic Algorithms in Search Optimization, and Machine Learning, Addison-Wesley,

[28]. L. Davis, (1991). The Handbook of Genetic Algorithms, Van Nostrand Reinhold, NY.

[29]. Randy L. Haupt, Sue Ellen Haupt, (2004). "Practical Genetic Algorithms" Wiley, second edition.

[30]. Kennedy J, Eberhart RC. (1995). Particle swarm optimization . Proc IEEE IntConf Neural Networks;4:1942–1948.

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Research Paper

Sensorless Fuzzy Indirect Field Oriented Control Of Induction Motor Using Stator Current Based MRAS

kamal* , Surya Kalavathi M**

* Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering. Madanapalle Institute of Technology and science, Madnapalle, A.P. India.

** Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, JNTUH college of Engineering, Hyderabad, AP. India.

C. Kamal Basha and M. Suryakalavathi (2011). Sensorless Fuzzy Indirect Field Oriented Control of Induction Motor Using Stator Current Based MRAS. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 5(1), 21-26. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.5.1.1554

Abstract

This paper presents a speed sensorless Fuzzy based Indirect field oriented control using stator current based model reference adaptive system for the induction motor drive. Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC) is highly sensitive to the parameter variation and accuracy of the estimated speed. To fix the problem the traditional PI controller which converts the error speed signal in to torque signal is replaced by a fuzzy controller for increasing the dynamic response of the drive. The speed sensorless of the drive is achieved by the stator current based Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS). In this MRAS measured stator current is considered as a reference model and is compared with the estimated stator current using the stator voltage-current model, and then adjusted with the estimated rotor speed calculated by the adaptation algorithm. The satisfactory results are obtained by the MATLAB simulation.

References

[1]. F.D.S. Cardoso, J.F. Martins, V.F. Pires, (1998). “A Comparative Study of a PI, Neural network, Fuzzy and Genetic Approach Controller for an AC Drives” 5th International Workshop on Advanced Motion Control, pp.375 –380, 29 Jun.

[2]. Vinod Kumar & R.R. Joshi, (2005). “Hybrid Controller based Intelligent Speed Control of Induction Motor”, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, pp. 71-75.

[3]. M. Masiala, B. Vafakhah, A. Knight & J. Salmon, (2007). “Performances of PI and Fuzzy-Logic Speed Control of Field Oriented Induction Machine Drives,” IEEE Int. Conf, pp. 397-400.

[4]. N.P.Quang, J.A.Dittrich, (2008). “Vector Control of Three-phasr AC Machines, Systems Development in te practice” Springer Berlin.

[5]. M. Imecs, I.I. Incze & C. Szabo, (2009). “Dual Field Orientation for Vector Controlled Cage Induction Motors,” IEEE Int. conf, pp. 143-148.

[6]. A. Hazzab, A. Laoufi, I.K. Bousserhane, M. Rahli, (2006). “Real Time Implementation of Fuzzy gain scheduling of PI Controller for Induction Machine control” International journal of applied engineering research, Vol.1.No.1, pp.51-60.

[7]. A. Mechernene, M. Zerikat & S. Chekroun, (2010). “Indirect Field Oriented Adaptive Control of Induction Motor Based On Neuro-Fuzzy Controller,” Mediterranean conf. on Control & Automation, Morocco, pp. 1109-1114.

[8]. I. Birou, V. maier, S. pavel, C. Rusu, (2010). “Indirect vector control of an induction motor with fuzzy logic based speed controller,” Advances in electrical and computer engineering, Vol.10, No.1,pp. 116-120.

[9]. A. M. Eltamaly, A. I. Alolah & B.M. Badr, (2010). “Fuzzy Controller for Three Phases Induction Motor Drives,” IEEE Int. Conf.

[10]. V. Chitra, & R. S. Prabhakar (2006). “Induction Motor Speed Control using Fuzzy Logic Controller” transactions on Computing Engineering, and Technology Vol. 17 December pp, 17-22.

[11]. Rejani K. Mudi & Nikhil R. Pal, (1999). “A Robust Self- Tuning Scheme for PI-and PD-Type Fuzzy Controllers”. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Systems, Vol. 7, February, pp. 2-14.

[12]. Mao-Fu Lai, Michio Nakano and Guan-chyun Hsieh. (1999). “Application of Fuzzy Logic in the Phase-Locked Loop Speed Control of Induction Motor Drive”. IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics. Vol. 43 No. 6, December, pp. 630- 638.

[13]. A. Larabi, MO. Mahmoudi, & M.S. Boucherit (2008). “Speed Sonsorless Vector Control of Induction Motor Using Adaptive Model Reference Method” SPEEDAM, International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion, pp. 1120-1124.

[14]. K. Gherram, K.Yazid & M. Menaa (2010). “Sensorless Indirect Vector Control of an Induction Motor by ANNs th Observer and EKF” 18 Mediterranean Conference on Control & Automation Congress Palace Hotel, Marrakech, Morocco June 23-25, pp. 521-526.

[15]. S. Meziane, R. Toufouti, H. Benalla (2007). “MRAS based Speed Control of Sensorless Induction Motor Drive” ICGST-ACSE Journal, Vol. 7, No1, May.

[16]. Hu Jun B.R.Uggal & M.V.ilathgamuwa, (1998). “A MRAS based speed sensorless field oriented control of induction motor with on line stator resistance tuning” IEEE Trans.Ind.Appl.

[17]. Prasad Shrawane (2010). “Indirect Field - Oriented Control of Induction Motor” CIEP, pp-102-105.

[18]. Teresa Orlowska-Kowalska, & Mateusz Dybkowski (2010). “Stator-Current-Based MRAS Estimator for a Wide Range Speed-Sensorless Induction-Motor Drive” IEEE Transactions on industrial electronics, Vol. 57, No. 4, April, pp. 1296-1308.

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Research Paper

Power Factor Improvement In Wind Mill Power Station Using TCC

Manchala Dinesh Reddy* , T. Gowri Manohar**

* PG Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, S. V. U. College of Engineering, Tirupati.

** Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, S. V. U. College of Engineering, Tirupati.

M. Dinesh Reddy,S and T. Gowri Manohar (2011). Power Factor Improvement In Wind Mill Power Station Using TCC. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 5(1), 27-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.5.1.1557

Abstract

Now a days the requirement for renewable energy power production is increasing due to scarcity of conventional energy resource. So, one of the best renewable energy resource for production of electrical energy is wind. As most of the loads are lagging loads, losses will be more due to low power factor. In this Study, the authors suggest that even though capacitor bank is connected to compensate reactive power, and maintain voltage stability, there is no constant required power factor at all loads. Due to connection of capacitor in steps using capacitor bank, there is over compensation. So, power factor is low. So, in this paper they propose “Thy ristor Controlled Capacitor” to improve power factor in windmill power plant. The Expected results were obtained by using MATLAB soft ware tool. The data is collected from Wind mill power plant maintained by DECCAN CEMENTS LTD. located at RAMAGIRI, Anantapur (Dist), Andhra Pradesh, India.

References

[1]. Jennifer DeCesaro, (2009). Kevin Porter and Michael Milligan Wind Energy and Power System Operations: A Review of Wind Integration Studies to Date, 2009 Elsevier Inc.

[2]. Wei Qiao, Ronald G. Harley and Ganesh K.Venayagamoorthy, (2006). Effects of FACTS Devices on a Power System Which Includes a Large Wind Farm, IEEE.

[3]. B. Rajsekhar, F. Van Hulle, J.C. Jansen, (1999). Indian wind energy programme: performance and future directions, Elsevier Science Ltd.

[4]. Alireza Seifi, Ph.D. (2010). Sasan Gholami, and Amin Shabanpour, Power Flow Study and Comparison of FACTS: Series (SSSC), Shunt STATCOM), and Shunt-Series (UPFC), the Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 11. Number 1. May (spring).

[5]. Ahmet Duran, Sahin, (2004). Progress and recent trends in wind energy, Elsevier Ltd.

[6]. Ashwani Kumar, Kapil Kumar, Naresh Kaushik, Satyawati Sharma, and Saroj Mishra, (2010). Renewable energy in India: Current status and future potentials, Elsevier Ltd.

[7]. M. Wilch, V. S. Pappala, S. N. Singh, I. Erlich , Reactive Power Generation by DFIG Based Wind Farms with AC Grid connection.

[8]. Gary L. Johnson, Manhattan, KS WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS, Electronic Edition,

[10]. T.J.E. Miller Reactive power control in power systems.

[11]. I.J Nagrath and D.P. Kothari Power System Engineering.

[12]. MATLAB: A Practical Introduction to Programming and Problem Solving, second edition, Stormy Attaway.

[13]. Brain. R., Hunt, Ronald, L., Lipsman, Jonathan A Guide to MATLAB for beginners and experienced users.

[14]. Hingorani Understanding of FACTS devices.

[15]. Electrical India monthly magazine.

[16]. DCL wind farm manuals.

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Research Paper

Z-Source Isolated Boost Dc-Dc Converter For Electrolyser Application Using Renewable Energy

R. Samuel Rajesh Babu* , Joseph Henry**

* Research Scholar, Department of EEE, Sathyabama University, Chennai.

** Professor, Department of EEE, Vel Tech University, Chennai, India.

R. Samuel Rajesh Babu, and Joseph Henry (2011). Z-Source Isolated Boost DC-DC Converter For Electrolyser Application Using Renewable Energy. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 5(1), 32-40. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.5.1.1559

Abstract

With the increased compulsory usage of renewable energy resources, it is essential to efficiently use the energy produced from them. Such energy can be stored in fuel cells which work on the basis of electrolysis. A DC-DC converter is required to couple the electrolyser to the system DC bus. This paper is based on a new approach for achieving very high conversion efficiency in low-voltage high-power isolated boost DC-DC converter. The proposed DC-DC converter is realized in half-bridge topology in the rectifier side to achieve zero voltage switching for the power switches and to regulate the output voltage. Z-Source inverter is utilized to realize inversion and boost function in one single stage. In this DC-DC Converter the winding losses and the switch conduction losses are reduced. The transformer eddy-current and proximity effects are analyzed. The MATLAB simulation results show that the output of converter is free from the ripples and regulate the output voltage. The experimental results are verified to validate the simulation results. The ability to boost and buck voltage makes the Z-Source inverter very attractive for electrolyser application.

References

[1]. E.H. Wakefield (1998). History of the Electric Automobile, Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc, .

[2]. E. Koutroulis, K.Kalaitzakis & N.C. Voulgaris, (2001). “Development of a microcontroller-based, photovoltaic maximum power point tracking control system”, IEEE Trans. power Electronics., Vol.16, pp. 46-54, Jan.

[3]. Fang Zheng Peng (2003). ”Z-Source Inverter”, IEEE Trans. on Indutry Applications., Vol. 39,No. 2 , pp. 504–510 , March/April.

[4]. Miaosen Shen, Jin Wang, Alan Joseph, Fang Z. Peng, Leon M. Tolbert, and Donald J. Adams, (2004). “Maximum constant boost control of the Z source inverter.” in Proc. IEEE IAS'04, pp.142.

[5]. Frede Blaabjerg, Zhe Chen, S.B.Kjaer, (2004). “Powerelectronics as efficiency interface in dispersed power generation systems”, IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, Vol.19, No.5, Sep-Oct, pp.1184-1194.

[6]. Shen, M.; Joseph, A.; Wang, J.; Peng, F.Z.;Adams, D.J., (2005). “Comparison of traditional inverters and ZSource inverter”, in Conf. Rec. of IEEE Power Electronics Specialist Conference, pp.1692-1698, June.

[7]. Kent Holl &, Miaosen Shen, Fang Z. Peng, (2005). “Zsource inverter control for traction drive of fuel cell - battery hybrid vehicles” Record of IEEE Industry Applications Conference, 2005 Vol 3, 2-6 Oct., pp.1651 – 1656.

[8]. Y. Huang; M. Shen; F. Z. Peng; J. Wang; “A Z-Source (2006). Inverter for Residential Photovoltaic Systems”, IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 1776- 1782, Nov.

[9]. W. Song & B. Lehman, (2007). “Current-fed dualbridge DC–DC converter,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 461–469, Mar.

[10]. H. Xiao & S. Xie, (2008). “A ZVS bidirectional DC–DC converter with phase shift plus PWM control scheme,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 813–823, Mar. .

[11]. J.-M. Kwon, E.-H. Kim, B.-H. Kwon, & K.-H. Nam, (2009). “High-efficient fuel cell power conditioning system with input current ripple reduction,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 56, No. 3, pp. 826–834, Mar.

[12]. Morten & Michael A.E. Andersen (2010). “High- Efficiency Isolated Boost DC-DC Converter for High-PowerLow-Voltage Fuel-Cell Applications”. IEEE Trans. Ind.Electron., Vol. 57, No.2, pp.505-514, Feb.

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Research Paper

Effective Scheduling Algorithm For RTPS Service in WiMAX Networks

jeya* , G. Indumathi**

* Assistant Professor, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology.

** Assistant Professor, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College.

V. Jeyalakshmi and G. Indumathi (2011). Effective Scheduling Algorithm for RTPS Service in WiMAX Networks. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 5(1), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.5.1.1561

Abstract

Providing quality of service (QoS) to different service classes with integrated real-time and non-real-time traffic is an important issue in broadband wireless access networks. Opportunistic MAC (OMAC) is a novel view of communication over spatio temporally varying wireless link where by the multi-user diversity is exploited rather than combated to maximize bandwidth efficiency or system throughput. It combines cross-layer design features and opportunistic scheduling scheme to achieve high utilization while providing QoS support to various applications. Channel characteristics, traffic characteristics and queue characteristics are the essential factors in the design of opportunistic scheduling algorithms. The authors propose a cross-layer MAC scheduling framework in WiMAX point-to multipoint (PMP) systems and a corresponding opportunistic scheduling algorithm to provide QoS support to the heterogeneous traffic. Extensive Simulation experiments have been carried out to evaluate the performance of our proposal. This can improve the performance of the WiMAX PMP systems in terms of packet loss rate, packet delay and system throughput. The proposed scheduling scheme effectively support rtps traffic to make rtps packets meeting their delay bounds.

References

[1]. IEEE Std 802.16d-2004, IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks - Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Access Systems.

[2]. Xin L., Chong, E. K. P., & Shroff, N. B. (2003). Optimal opportunistic scheduling in wireless networks. In Proceedings of IEEE 58th Vehicular Technology Conference, 3, pp. 1417– 1421.

[3]. Amoakoh, G. -A. & Seong- Lyun, K. (2006). Comparison of opportunistic scheduling policies in timeslotted AMC wireless networks. In Proceedings of IEEE 1st International Symposium on Wireless Per vasive Computing, pp 6.

[4]. Vegard, H. (2006). Tutorial: opportunistic multiuser scheduling for wireless networks. Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU),Jun, www.unik.no/ personer/ porten/MoPSAR/ MOPSARTutorial_ Hassel.pdf .

[5]. Bonald, T. (2005). Flow-level performance analysis of some opportunistic scheduling algorithms. European Transactions on Telecommunications, 16, 65–75.

[6]. Jalali, A., Padovani, R., & Pankaj R. (2000). Data throughput of CDMAHDR: A high efficiency high data rate personal communication wireless system. In Proceedings of IEEE VTC , May, pp.1854–1858.

[7]. Jinri, H., & Zhisheng, N. (2007). A cross-layer proportional fair scheduling algorithm with packet length constraint in multiuser OFDM networks. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Global Telecommunications Conference, GLOBECOM '07, Nov, pp. 3489–3493.

[8]. Bang, H.J., Ekman, T., & Gesbert, D. (2008). Channel predictive proportional fair scheduling. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 7(2), 482–487.

[9]. Andrews, M., Kumaran, K., Ramanan, K., Stolyar, A., Vijayakumar, R., & Whiting P. (2000). CDMA data QoS scheduling on the forward link with variable channel conditions. Bell Labs Technical report preprint, April.

[10]. Hu, M., Zhang, J., & Sadowsky, J. (2004). Traffic aided opportunistic scheduling for wireless networks: algorithms and performance bounds. Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking, 46(4), 505–518.

[11]. Shakkottai, S., & Stolyar, A. (2001). Scheduling algorithms for a mixture of real-time and non-real-time data in HDR. 17th Int. Teletraffic Congress (ITC-17), Sept.

[12]. Yi-Ting, M., Chun-Chuan, Y., & Yu-Hsuan, L. (2007). Cross-layer QoS framework in the IEEE 802.16 Network. The 9th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology 3:2090–2095,Feb.

[13]. Lera, A., Molinaro, A., & Pizzi, S. (2007). Channelaware scheduling for QoS and fairness provisioning in IEEE 802.16/WiMAX broadband wireless access systems. IEEE Network, 21(5), 34–41.

[14]. Kwon, T., Lee, H., Choi, S., Kim, J., Cho, D.-H., Cho, S., Yun, S., Park,W.-H., & Kim, K. (2005). Design and implementation of a simulator based on a cross-layer protocol between MAC and PHY layers in a WiBro compatible IEEE802.16e OFDMA system. IEEE Communication Magazine, 43(12), 136–146.

[15]. Liu, Q., Wang, X., & Giannakis, B.G. (2006). A crosslayer scheduling algorithm with QoS support in wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 55(3), 839–847.123Cross-Layer MAC Protocol and Holistic Opportunistic Scheduling

[16]. Lihua, W., Wenchao, M., & Zihua, G. (2007). A crosslayer packet scheduling and subchannel allocation scheme in 802.16e OFDMA System. Wireless Communications and Networking Conference,2007, 1865–1870.

[17]. Hung-Hui, J., Hsiang-Chun, H., ChingYao, H., & Tihao, C. Cross-layer system designs for scalablevideo streaming over mobile WiMAX. In Proceedings of IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, WCNC., pp.1860–1864.

[18]. Triantafyllopoulou, D., Passas, N., Salkintzis, A. K., & Kaloxylos, A. (2007). A heuristic cross-layer mechanism for real-time traffic in IEEE 802.16 Networks. IEEE 18th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, pp.1–5.

[19]. Chao-Lieh, C., Jeng-Wei, L., Chi-Yuan, W., & Yau- Hwang, K. (2009). Fairness and QoS guarantees of WiMAX OFDMA scheduling with fuzzy controls. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2009,pp. 1–14.

[20]. Hanwu, W., & Weijia, J. (2010). An optimized scheduling scheme in OFDMA WiMax networks. International Journal of Communication Systems, 23(1),23–39.

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Research Paper

Location Of Unified Power Flow Controller For Congesition Management

Sunil Kumar Jilledi* , A. Immanuel, V. Usha Reddy, V.Rajanikanth, Venkata Marutheswar

* Lecturer, Department of EEE, SKIT, Srikalahasti

Department of EEE, S.V.U.C.E, S.V.University,Tirupathi.

* Assistant Professor, S.V.U.C.E, S.V.University,Tirupati.

Associate Professor, SKIT, Srikalahasti.

* Associate Professor, Department of EEE, S.V.U.C.E, S.V.Univeristy, Tirupati.

J. Sunil Kumar, A. Immanuel, V. USHA Reddy V. Rajani Kanth, and G.V. Venkata Marutheswar (2011). Location Of Unified Power Flow Controller For Congesition Management. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 5(1), 49-55. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.5.1.1563

Abstract

In modern power systems controlling of power is flexible and easy by the use of Power Electronics devices. The recent advent of power electronics devices are FACTS Devices. These FACTS devices are playing a major role in the electrical industry. This paper presents the development of simple and efficient model for the suitable location of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC). The UPFC location is found by using the congestion management technique. In this paper the location is found based on the Total Loss Sensitivity Indices (LSI). The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on IEEE 5 bus system.

References

[1]. Marouanii., Guesmi T., Hadjabdallah, H. & ouali a, (2011). Optimal Location of Multi Type Facts Devices for Multiple Contingencies using Genetic Algorithms, 8th International Multi-conference on Systems.

[2]. K.S. Verma, S.N. Singh, H.O. Gupta (2001). Location of unified power flow controller for congestion management, Electric Power Systems Research 58 pp.89–96.

[3]. L. Gyugi, (1991). A Unified power flow controller concept for flexible AC transmission systems, in: Fifth International Conference on AC and DC Transmission, London, September 17–20, pp.19–26.

[4]. I.O. Elgerd, (1971). Electric Energy System Theory – An Introduction, McGraw-Hill, New York.

[5]. N.G. Hingorani, (1993). Flexible AC transmission, IEEE Spectrum 30 pp.40–45.

[6]. L. Gyugyi, (1992). A unified power flow control concept for flexible AC transmission systems, IEE Proc. Part C 139 (4) 323–331.

[7]. L. Gyugi, A Unified power flow controller concept for flexibleAC transmission systems, in: Fifth International Conference onAC and DC Transmission, London, September 17–20, 1991, pp.19–26.

[8]. W. L.Feng, H. W. Nagan (1999) “control settings of Unified power flow controllers through a robust load flow calculations”, IEEE proceedings on generation, transmission and distribution. Vol.146. No. 4, July.

[9]. M.H. Haque, (2000). Optimal Location of Shunt FACTS Devices in Long Transmission Lines IEE proc. Gener. Transm. Distrib. 147(4): 218-222, July.

[10]. Verma K.S., Singh S.N., Gupta H.O., (2001).FACTS devices location for enhancement of total transfer capability, Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, IEEE, Vol.2: 522-527.

[11]. A.J. Wood and B.F. Wollenberg, (1996). Power Generation, Operation and Control. New York:Wiley.

[12]. J. Sunilkumar, Ch. Chengaiaha (2010). Optimal Power Flow In Power System Network By UsingFactsDevice 173-180 The Technology World Quarterly Journal 3 December Vol Ii Issue 4Issn : 2180 - 1614

[13]. Sunil Kumar J,Dinakara Prasad Reddy P, V.Leelalakshmi, Rajanikant. (2011) Improvement of Voltage Profile in Power System Network WithSvc and Upfc By Using Optimal Getntic Algorithm, International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Systems (Ijeecs), Vol 1, No. 2, April 2011. Issn: 2221-7258(Print) Issn: 2221- 7266.

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Research Paper

Experimental Results Of CLL Resonant DC-To-DC Converter For Stand Alone Wind Energy System

M. Annamalai* , Vijaya Kumar**

* Research Scholar, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Sathyabama University, Chennai, India.

** Registrar, JNTU, AP, India.

M. Annamalai and M. Vijaya Kumar (2011). Experimental Results of CLL Resonant DC-To-DC Converter for Stand Alone Wind Energy System. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 5(1), 56-60. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.5.1.1566

Abstract

This paper deals with simulation and experimentation of DC-to-DC converter for stand-alone wind energy system. The CLL resonant inverter system and DC- to- DC converter system are simulated using MATLAB simulink power system blocks. This converter has advantages like reduced transformer size, reduced filter size and current source characteristics. The hardware is tested in the laboratory. The simulation results and experimental results are presented.

References

[1]. W. D. Kellogg., M. H. Nehrir., G.Venkataramanan, and V. Gerez, (1998). “Generation unit sizing and cost Analysis for stand-alone wind, photovoltaic, and Hybrid wind/PV systems,” IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion. Vol. 13, pp.70–75.

[2]. S. Drouilhet., E. Muljadi., R. Holz., and V. Gevorgian, “Optimizing small wind turbine Performance in battery charging applications,” in NREL/TP-441-7808. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1995.

[3]. N. Yamamura., M. Ishida., and T. Hori, “A simple Wind power generating system with permanent Magnet type synchronous generator,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Power Electronics Drive Systems, Vol. 2, Hong Kong, Jul. 27–29, 999, pp. 849– 854.

[4]. Mangesh (2005). “Analysis and design of LCL-T resonant DC to DC converter”, IEEE trans. on IE.

[5] S.Arul Daniel and N. Ammasai Gounden (2004). “A novel Hybrid Isolated Generating System based on PV Fed Inverter assisted Wind-driven Induction Generators”. IEEE Transaction on energy Conversion, pp 416- 422, Vol. 19, No.2, June.

[6]. M. Arutchelvi and S. Arul Daniel, “Voltage Control of autonomous hybrid generation scheme based on PV array and wind-driven induction Generators”, Electric power components and Systems, pp. 759-773, Vol.34, No.7, July 2006.

[7]. M. Arutchelvi and S. Arul Daniel, (2007). “Composite Controller for a hybrid power plant based on PV Array fed wind- driven induction generator with Battery storage”, International Journal of energy Research, pp.515-524 Vol.31, April .8.

[8]. Hamin Tao, A.M Hendix, (2008). “Three port triple half Bridge DC to DC converter with zero voltage Switching” IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, pp 782-792.

[9]. S.H. Hosseni., R. Moradi, (2008). “A new active snubber Cell for DC to DC converter”, IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, pp. 349-359.

[10]. P. Chandrasekhar., and S. Ramareddy (2009). “Optimum Controlled Full Bridge LC resonant Converter for Electrolyser Application”, Proceeding of the World congress on Engineering and Computer Science pp.20- 22.

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Research Paper

Simulation Comparison Of Class D/ Class E Inverter Fed Induction Heating

S. Arumugam* , Rama Reddy, M. Sridhar*

* Research Scholar, Bharath University, Chennai, India.

Professor, Jerusalem College of Engineering, Chennai, India.

* Professor & Dean, Bharath University, Chennai, India.

S. Arumugam,S. Ramareddy and M. Sridhar (2011). Simulation Comparison of Class D/ Class E Inverter Fed Induction Heating. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 5(1), 61-66. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.5.1.1571

Abstract

This paper deals with digital simulation of Class D and Class E inverter fed induction heater system. This system has an advantage like reduced volume and switching losses. The circuit operates under zero voltage switching. The circuit models of Class D and Class E are developed and they are used for simulation studies. The simulation results are compared and results are presented.

References

[1]. B. Saha, .S.K. Kwon, N.A. Ahmed, H. Omori, M. Nakaoka, (2008). “Commercial Frequency AC to High Frequency AC Converter With Boost-Active Clamp Bridge Single Stage ZVS-PWM Inverter,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, Vol.23, No.1, pp.412-418, January.

[2]. Jafar, J.J., and Fernandes, B.G. (2008) 'A new quasiresonant DC-link PWM inverter using single switch for soft switching', IEEE Trans. Power Electron, 17, pp. 1010.

[3]. J.T. Matysik, (2006). “A new method of integration control with instantaneous current monitoring for class D series-resonant converter,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 53, No. 5, pp. 1564–1576, Oct.

[4]. D.Y. Jung and J.Y. Park, (2006). “Electronic ballast with constant power output controller for 250W MH lamp,” J. Electr. Eng. Technol., Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 332–337.

[5]. H. Kifune, Y. Hatanaka, and M. Nakaoka, (2008). “Cost effective phase shifted pulse modulation soft switching high frequency inverter for induction heating applications,” Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng. , Vol. 151, No. 1, pp. 19–25, Jan.

[6]. J. Acero, R. Alonso, J. M. Burdío, and L. A. Barragán, (2009). “Modeling of planar spiral inductors between two multilayer media for induction heating applications,” IEEE Trans. Magn., Vol. 42, No. 11, pp. 3719–3729, Nov.

[7]. Y. Kawaguchi, E. Hiraki, T. Tanaka, M. Nakaoka, (2007). “Full bridge phase-shifted soft switching highfrequency inverter with boost PFC function for induction heating system” Proceedings of European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE), pp.1-8, Sept.

[8]. S. W. Ma, H. Wong, and Y. O. Yam, (2002). “Optimal design of high output power Class-E amplifier,” in Proc. 4th IEEE Int. Caracas Conf. on Devices, Circuits and Systems, ruba, Apr. 17–19, pp. P012-1-P012-5.

[9]. S. D.Kee, I. Aoki, A. Hajimiri, and D. Rutledge, (2003). “The Class-E/F family of ZVS switching amplifiers,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 51, No. 6., Jun.

[10]. D.J. Kessler and M. K. Kazimierczuk, (2004). “Power losses and efficiency of Class-E power amplifier at any duty ratio,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst I, Reg. Papers, Vol. 51, No. 9, pp. 1675–1689, Sep.

[11] D. J. Kessler and M. K. Kazimierczuk, (2004). “Power losses and efficiency of Class-E power amplifier at any duty ratio,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst I, Reg. Papers, Vol. 51, No. 9, pp. 1675–1689, Sep.

[12]. W.A. Davis and K. K. Agarwal, (2001). Radio Frequency Circuit Design. New York: Wiley, ch. 6.

[13]. S.C. Wong and C.K. Tse, (2005). “Design of symmetrical Class-E power amplifiers for very low harmonic-content applications,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst I, Reg. Papers, Vol. 52, No. 8, pp. 1684–1690, Aug.

[14]. V. Yousefzadeh, N. Wang, Z. Popovic, and D. Maksimovic, (2006). “A digitally controlled DC/DC converter for an RF power amplifier,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron, Vol. 21, pp. 164–172, Jan.

[15]. T. Suetsugu and M. K. Kazimierczuk, (2006). “Design procedure of Class-Amplifier for off-nominal operation at 50% duty ration,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst I, Reg. Papers, Vol. 53, No. 7, pp. 1468–1476, Jul.

[16]. S. Pajic, N. Wang, P. M. Watson, T. K. Quach, and Z. Popovic, (2005). “X-band two-stage high-efficiency switched-mode power amplifiers,”IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 53, No. 9, pp. 2899–2907,Sep.

i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering (JEE)

Current Issue Vol. 18 Issue 1

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Volume 5 Issue 1 July - September 2011

M Venu Gopala Rao* , Somlal Jarupula**, V. Anwesh Kumar***

* Professor, Department of EEE, K L University, Vijayawada, A.P, India.c ** Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, K L University, Vijayawada, A.P, India. *** M.Tech. Student, Department of EEE, K L University, Vijayawada, A.P, India.

M. Venu Gopala Rao, Somlal Jarupula and V. Anwesh Kumar (2011). Large Scale Power Flow Study Using Newton- FGMRES Method. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 5(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.5.1.1547

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G. V. Siva Krishna Rao* , K. Vaisakh**, P.Kanta Rao***

*, **, *** Department of Electrical Engineering, AU College of Engineering.

G. V. Siva Krishna Rao, K. Vaisakh and P. Kanta Rao (2011). GA And PSO Algorithms For Solving Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch Problems Incorporating Facts Devices And Statistical Analysis. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 5(1), 5-20. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.5.1.1551

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kamal* , Surya Kalavathi M**

* Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering. Madanapalle Institute of Technology and science, Madnapalle, A.P. India. ** Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, JNTUH college of Engineering, Hyderabad, AP. India.

C. Kamal Basha and M. Suryakalavathi (2011). Sensorless Fuzzy Indirect Field Oriented Control of Induction Motor Using Stator Current Based MRAS. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 5(1), 21-26. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.5.1.1554

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Manchala Dinesh Reddy* , T. Gowri Manohar**

* PG Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, S. V. U. College of Engineering, Tirupati. ** Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, S. V. U. College of Engineering, Tirupati.

M. Dinesh Reddy,S and T. Gowri Manohar (2011). Power Factor Improvement In Wind Mill Power Station Using TCC. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 5(1), 27-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.5.1.1557

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R. Samuel Rajesh Babu* , Joseph Henry**

* Research Scholar, Department of EEE, Sathyabama University, Chennai. ** Professor, Department of EEE, Vel Tech University, Chennai, India.

R. Samuel Rajesh Babu, and Joseph Henry (2011). Z-Source Isolated Boost DC-DC Converter For Electrolyser Application Using Renewable Energy. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 5(1), 32-40. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.5.1.1559

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jeya* , G. Indumathi**

* Assistant Professor, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology. ** Assistant Professor, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College.

V. Jeyalakshmi and G. Indumathi (2011). Effective Scheduling Algorithm for RTPS Service in WiMAX Networks. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 5(1), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.5.1.1561

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Sunil Kumar Jilledi* , A. Immanuel**, V. Usha Reddy***, V.Rajanikanth****, Venkata Marutheswar*****

* Lecturer, Department of EEE, SKIT, Srikalahasti ** Department of EEE, S.V.U.C.E, S.V.University,Tirupathi. *** Assistant Professor, S.V.U.C.E, S.V.University,Tirupati. **** Associate Professor, SKIT, Srikalahasti. ***** Associate Professor, Department of EEE, S.V.U.C.E, S.V.Univeristy, Tirupati.

J. Sunil Kumar, A. Immanuel, V. USHA Reddy V. Rajani Kanth, and G.V. Venkata Marutheswar (2011). Location Of Unified Power Flow Controller For Congesition Management. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 5(1), 49-55. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.5.1.1563

Abstract

References

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M. Annamalai* , Vijaya Kumar**

* Research Scholar, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Sathyabama University, Chennai, India. ** Registrar, JNTU, AP, India.

M. Annamalai and M. Vijaya Kumar (2011). Experimental Results of CLL Resonant DC-To-DC Converter for Stand Alone Wind Energy System. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 5(1), 56-60. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.5.1.1566

Abstract

References

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S. Arumugam* , Rama Reddy**, M. Sridhar***

* Research Scholar, Bharath University, Chennai, India. ** Professor, Jerusalem College of Engineering, Chennai, India. *** Professor & Dean, Bharath University, Chennai, India.

S. Arumugam,S. Ramareddy and M. Sridhar (2011). Simulation Comparison of Class D/ Class E Inverter Fed Induction Heating. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 5(1), 61-66. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.5.1.1571

Abstract

References

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M Venu Gopala Rao* , Somlal Jarupula, V. Anwesh Kumar*

* Professor, Department of EEE, K L University, Vijayawada, A.P, India.c

Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, K L University, Vijayawada, A.P, India.

* M.Tech. Student, Department of EEE, K L University, Vijayawada, A.P, India.

G. V. Siva Krishna Rao* , K. Vaisakh, P.Kanta Rao*

, , Department of Electrical Engineering, AU College of Engineering.

* Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering. Madanapalle Institute of Technology and science, Madnapalle, A.P. India.

** Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, JNTUH college of Engineering, Hyderabad, AP. India.

* PG Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, S. V. U. College of Engineering, Tirupati.

** Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, S. V. U. College of Engineering, Tirupati.

* Research Scholar, Department of EEE, Sathyabama University, Chennai.

** Professor, Department of EEE, Vel Tech University, Chennai, India.

* Assistant Professor, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology.

** Assistant Professor, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College.

Sunil Kumar Jilledi* , A. Immanuel, V. Usha Reddy, V.Rajanikanth, Venkata Marutheswar

* Lecturer, Department of EEE, SKIT, Srikalahasti

Department of EEE, S.V.U.C.E, S.V.University,Tirupathi.

* Assistant Professor, S.V.U.C.E, S.V.University,Tirupati.

Associate Professor, SKIT, Srikalahasti.

* Associate Professor, Department of EEE, S.V.U.C.E, S.V.Univeristy, Tirupati.

* Research Scholar, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Sathyabama University, Chennai, India.

** Registrar, JNTU, AP, India.

S. Arumugam* , Rama Reddy, M. Sridhar*

* Research Scholar, Bharath University, Chennai, India.

Professor, Jerusalem College of Engineering, Chennai, India.

* Professor & Dean, Bharath University, Chennai, India.