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i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering (JEE)

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PV-grid Performance improvement through Integrated Intelligent Water Drop Optimization with Neural Network for Maximum Power Point Tracking
A Digital Healthcare Monitoring System with Real-Time Analysis
Advancements in Smart Meter Design and Integration for Enhanced Energy Management and Efficiency
Electric Vehicles in Modern Transportation: Environmental Impacts, Configurations, and Future Trends – A Review
GTO Technique Based Hybrid Power System Controller Design

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Volume 14 Issue 3 January - March 2021

Research Paper

Effects of Electromagnetic Field Exposure and Evaluation of Biological Changes in Human Health

Ramu* , Ramesh Malothu, R. Srinivasa Rao*

, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University College of Engineering (A), Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Ramu, D., Malothu, R., and Rao, R. S. (2021). Effects of Electromagnetic Field Exposure and Evaluation of Biological Changes in Human Health. i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering, 14(3), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.14.3.17959

Abstract

The electromagnetic field (EMF) produced by electrical appliances like wi-fi, smartphones, and power are carried by high tension wires. The human body and its charged biological fluids, such as blood and lymph, are being affected by the power grids. Long-term exposure of blood to electromagnetic radiation, or the effect of EMF, causes significant changes in blood physiology and human body homeostasis. In the presence of high and long-term EMF exposure, the PH of the blood varies, and the electronic potential of the blood varies as well. The viscosity of the blood changes at the exposure site, but the overall protein concentration increases.Ca²⁺ ions, which play an important role in heartbeat, can be affected by PH variations. EMF emitted by 220/440 kV HT, which transmits electricity through aerial transmission has strong electromagnetic fields and is having an adverse effect on blood, which contains iron in the form of haemoglobin, and could lead to a chronic situation in the near future. This study focused on determining the harmful effects of EMF on the blood of primitive mice. The results of the experiments have provided a specific collection of results for the UV Radio wave frequency spectrum. The PH/blood concentration/amount of RNA in the blood was measured at the time of EMF exposure and distance from the source. As a result it was found that the measured blood exposure to various types of radiation and frequencies is within the electromagnetic spectrum's safe zone.

References

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Research Paper

Torque and Speed Control of Asynchronous Motor Fed by 4-Level Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter

Syed Muzafar Ahmed S.* , K. Shafeeque Ahmed, Y. Mohamed Shuaib *, S. Sathik Basha****

- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

** Department of Physics, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Ahmed, S. S. M., Ahmed, K. S., Shuaib, Y. M., and Basha, S. S. (2021). Torque and Speed Control of Asynchronous Motor Fed by 4-Level Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter. i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering, 14(3), 14-21. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.14.3.18208

Abstract

This paper discusses the control mechanism and simulation of a three-phase IM powered by a four-level diode clamped multilevel inverter. In the fields of power trade, reactive power compensation and interfacing with clean energy sources, they were chosen as the best alternative. The key aim of this study is to use a 4-level diode clamped multilevel inverter to control the torque and speed of an asynchronous motor (Induction motor). A multicarrier PWM control scheme for diode clamped multilevel inverter is proposed to achieve high quality sinusoidal output voltage with reduced harmonics. The designed system reduces switching losses when compared with other conventional methods. The suggested system is a viable alternative to the traditional approach for lowering switching losses and improving drive efficiency. The proposed circuit effectively controls motor speed while also enhancing drive performance by lowering total harmonic distortion, according to simulation results. This also shows that the suggested model easily controls the speed and torque of the machine. As a consequence, simulation is used to assess the system's efficacy.

References

[1]. Abdullah, R., Rahim, N. A., Raihan, S. R. S., & Ahmad, A. Z. (2014). Five-level diode-clamped inverter with threelevel boost converter. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 61(10), 5155-5163. https://doi.org/10.1109/ TIE.2013.2297315

[2]. Chadli, H., Jebroni, Z., Chadli, S., Tahani, A., & Aziz, A. (2017, April). Design and implementation of a novel fivelevel inverter topology. In 2017, International Conference on Wireless Technologies, Embedded and Intelligent Systems (WITS) (pp. 1-6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/WITS. 2017.7934641

[3]. Chen, Z., Guerrero, J. M., & Blaabjerg, F. (2009). A review of the state of the art of power electronics for wind turbines. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 24(8), 1859-1875. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2009.2017082

[4]. Choudhury, S., Nayak, S., Dash, T. P., & Rout, P. K. (2018, March). A comparative analysis of five level diode clamped and cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter for harmonics reduction. In 2018, Technologies for Smart-City Energy Security and Power (ICSESP) (pp. 1-6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSESP.2018.8376690

[5]. Dai, J., Xu, D., Wu, B., & Zargari, N. R. (2010). Unified DC-link current control for low-voltage ride-through in current-source-converter-based wind energy conversion systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 26(1), 288- 297. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2010.2059377

[6]. Gundebommu, S. L. (2019, November). Five-Level and Seven-Level DCMI fed to IPMSM. In 2019, International Conference on Electrical Engineering Research & Practice (ICEERP) (pp. 1-6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ ICEERP49088.2019.8957001

[7]. Hasegawa, K., & Akagi, H. (2012). Low-modulationindex operation of a five-level diode- clamped PWM inverter with a dc-voltage-balancing circuit for a motor drive. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 27(8), 3495- 3504.

[8]. Lee, S. S., Lim, C. S., & Lee, K. B. (2019). Novel active-neutral-point-clamped inverters with improved voltageboosting capability. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 35(6), 5978- 5986. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2019. 2951382

[9]. Li, J., Bhattacharya, S., & Huang, A. Q. (2010). A new nine-level active NPC (ANPC) converter for grid connection of large wind turbines for distributed generation. IEEE transactions on Power Electronics, 26(3), 961-972.

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[12]. Ouhrouche, M., Errouissi, R., Trzynadlowski, A. M., Tehrani, K. A., & Benzaioua, A. (2016). A novel predictive direct torque controller for induction motor drives. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 63(8), 5221-5230. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2016.2558140

[13]. Raj, P. H., Maswood, A. I., Ooi, G. H., & Lim, Z. (2015). Voltage balancing technique in a space vector modulated 5-level multiple-pole multilevel diode clamped inverter. IET Power Electronics, 8(7), 1263-1272. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2014.0747

[14]. Renge, M. M., & Suryawanshi, H. M. (2008). Five-level diode clamped inverter to eliminatecommon mode voltage and reduce $ dv/dt $ inmedium voltage rating induction motor drives. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 23(4), 1598-1607. https://doi.org/10.1109/ TPEL.2008.925423

[15]. Renge, M. M., & Suryawanshi, H. M. (2009). Threedimensional space-vector modulation to reduce common-mode voltage for multilevel inverter. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 57(7), 2324-2331. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2009.2027247

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Research Paper

Model Predictive Control for DC–DC Boost Converter for Elimination of Overshoot and Achieving Faster Response in Solar PV Applications

Guruvulu Naidu Ponnada* , Ch. Sai Babu, S. Satyanarayana*

- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Raghu Institute of Technology, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Ponnada, G. N., Babu , C. S., and Satyanarayana, S. (2021). Model Predictive Control for DC–DC Boost Converter for Elimination of Overshoot and Achieving Faster Response in Solar PV Applications. i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering, 14(3), 22-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.14.3.17979

Abstract

The present day industries are availing the use of modern digital power electronic devices which are more robust, noise free, reliable and flexible. Power DC-DC converters are used to control the output voltage of most of the electrical and electronics appliances, when they are employed for applications such as aircrafts, energy storage systems, electric vehicles, standalone, and grid connected photovoltaic (PV) system. The control of these converters has a wide scope for research and a number of control schemes have been introduced to efficiently control the output devices. This paper presents the design of model predictive controller (MPC) for boost converter. Boost converter is mathematically modelled and are implemented in MATLAB Simulink. Finally, they have tested various controller schemes and results obtained using these controllers are compared and analysed. The open loop response of the system has been used to find the transfer function (TF) of the system. The TF is used to design the MPC. The output voltage of converters is controlled by the designed controller and it has been observed that the output of converters is maintained at a constant value for different set points. The notable feature of the proposed design is to reduce the overshoot drastically. The empirical rules for tuning MPC parameters are reported based on desired response. Finally, the output voltage of the system with MPC based controller is compared with that of conventional controllers like PI, PID and it is found that MPC showed better control performance than conventional controllers. The efficacy of the designed controller is demonstrated through simulation using DCDCboost converters with R and RL load.

References

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[2]. Andrés-Martínez, O., Flores-Tlacuahuac, A., Ruiz- Martinez, O. F., & Mayo-Maldonado, J. C. (2020). Nonlinear model predictive stabilization of DC–DC boost converters with constant power loads. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 9(1), 822-830. https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2020.2964674

[3]. Aziz, M. A., Mahfouz, A. A., & Khorshied, D. M. (2012). Simplified approaches for controlling DC-DC power converters. International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST), 4(02), 792-804.

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[10]. Geyer, T., Papafotiou, G., & Morari, M. (2008). Hybrid model predictive control of the step-down DC–DC converter. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 16(6), 1112-1124. https://doi.org/10.1109/TC ST.2008.917221

[11]. Kouro, S., Cortés, P., Vargas, R., Ammann, U., & Rodríguez, J. (2008). Model predictive control—A simple and powerful method to control power converters. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 56(6), 1826-1838. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2008.2008349

[12]. Kumar, M. P., Ponnambalam, P., Sreejith, S., Belwin Edward, J., & Krishnamurthy, K. (2014, December). Comparison of fuzzy and MPC based buck converter. In 2014, IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES) (pp. 1-6). IEEE. https:// doi.org/10.1109/PEDES.2014.7041979

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Research Paper

The Operation of Over Modulated Dual-Inverter Fed Asynchronous Motor Drive

Mounika Gokari* , C. Nagamani**

*-** Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Anurag Group of Institutions, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Gokari, M., and Nagamani, C. (2021). The Operation of Over Modulated Dual Inverter Fed Asynchronous Motor Drive. i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering, 14(3), 32-39. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.14.3.17907

Abstract

Multi-level inverters are popularly used in induction motor drive applications because of the advancements in power electronic devices. One of the interesting ways of producing three-level output voltage waveform is by using dual two-level inverter configuration feeding an open-end winding induction motor. In this open end induction motor configuration, neutral point of induction motor is isolated and two two-level inverter are connected from both sides of the winding. In case of conventional dual inverter fed induction motor supplied by a single DC source, zero sequence currents will find a path through motor phase winding and power electronic devices. Therefore a novel PWM technique is proposed to operate the drive in linear modulation region and over modulation region. The zero-sequence current is reduced by reducing the zero-sequence voltage to zero. The proposed PWM technique is used to reduce the zero sequence voltages by maintaining the sum of three phase reference voltages to zero. The switching frequency of the inverters is also significantly reduced as one inverter is completely clamped. As this configuration is using only two-level inverters, it will avoid all types of problems existing in the conventional three-level inverters. MATLAB/Simulation is used to validate the proposed inverter configuration with novel PWM technique.

References

[1]. Carraro, M., & Zigliotto, M. (2013). Automatic parameter identification of inverter-fed induction motors at standstill. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 61(9), 4605-4613. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2013.2289903

[2]. Chen, M., & Sun, D. (2016). A unified space vector pulse width modulation for dual two-level inverter system. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 32(2), 889-893. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2016.2585223

[3]. de Souza Araújo, R., de Araújo Rodrigues, R., de Paula, H., Cardoso Filho, B. J., Baccarini, L. M. R., & Rocha, A. V. (2014). Premature wear and recurring bearing failures in an inverter-driven induction motor—Part II: The proposed solution. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 51(1), 92-100. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2014.2331420

[4]. Jain, S., Thopukara, A. K., Karampuri, R., & Somasekhar, V. T. (2014). A single-stage photovoltaic system for a dual-inverter-fed open-end winding induction motor drive for pumping applications. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 30(9), 4809-4818. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/TPEL.2014.2365516

[5]. Kim, J. S., & Sul, S. K. (1995). A novel voltage modulation technique of the space vector PWM. In Proceedings of IPEC Conference (pp. 742–747).

[6]. Kumar, K., & Sivakumar, K. (2014). A quad two-level inverter configuration for four-pole induction-motor drive with single DC link. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 62(1), 105-112. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE. 2014.2327577

[7]. Nallamekala, K. K. (2018). Harmonic cancellation technique of four pole induction motor drive by using phase shifted carrier space vector PWM technique. Majlesi Journal of Electrical Engineering, 12(2), 21-28.

[8]. Nallamekala, K. K., & Sivakumar, K. (2015). A faulttolerant dual three-level inverter configuration for multipole induction motor drive with reduced torque ripple. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 63(3), 1450-1457. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2015.2495281

[9]. Nallamekala, K. K., Umesh, B. S., & Sivakumar, K. (2014, December). A five-level inverter topology for four pole induction motor drive using four two-level inverters and two isolated DC sources. In 2014, IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES) (pp. 1-5). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/PED ES.2014.7042005

[10]. Nallamekala, K. K., Dandabatthina, S., & Tella, V. K. (2017, April). A novel fault tolerant 21-level inverter configuration for PV applications. In 2017, International Conference on Circuit, Power and Computing Technologies (ICCPCT) (pp. 1-7). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.11 09/ICCPCT.2017.8074239

[11]. Nallamekala, K. K., Kalyan U, M., & Sivakumar, K. (2013). Harmonic reduction technique with a five-level inverter for four pole induction motor drive. In Proceedings of IEEE IFEEC (pp.482-487).

[12]. Okazaki, Y., Hagiwara, M., & Akagi, H. (2013). A speed-sensorless start-up method of an induction motor driven by a modular multilevel cascade inverter (MMCIDSCC). IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 50(4), 2671-2680. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2013.2292996

[13]. Renge, M. M., & Suryawanshi, H. M. (2008). Five-level diode clamped inverter to eliminatecommon mode voltage and reduce $ dv/dt $ inmedium voltage rating induction motor drives. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 23(4), 1598-1607. https://doi.org/10.1109/ TPEL.2008.925423

[14]. Sekhar, K. R., & Srinivas, S. (2012). Discontinuous decoupled PWMs for reduced current ripple in a dual twolevel inverter fed open-end winding induction motor drive. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 28(5), 2493-2502. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2012.2215344

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Research Paper

Performance Improvement of Maximum Power Point Tracker of Solar Panels using Artificial Neural Networks

Nitin Sharma* , Nafees Ahamad**

*-*** Department of Electrical Electronics and Communication Engineering, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

Sharma, N., and Ahamad, N. (2021). Performance Improvement of Maximum Power Point Tracker of Solar Panels using Artificial Neural Networks. i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering, 14(3), 40-48. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.14.3.18284

Abstract

Very common and reliable source of energy is received on the earth from the sun as the photon band. Solar energy is changed into useful form of energy using photovoltaic cells. The photovoltaic solar arrays, i.e., the combination of more than one photovoltaic cells collect the solar energy in the form of energy packets called photons and give the output in terms of direct electric current. The problem faced by photovoltaic arrays is the inefficiency in operation of energy conversion due to the variations in position of the sun throughout the day for a whole year. To optimize the efficacy, MPPT which stands for Maximum Power Point Tracking is utilized that helps PV (Photovoltaic) arrays to get themselves perched in the direction or at a specific point where the reception of sun's energy is maximum. The issue with conventional MPPT systems is the convoluted mathematical computations involved in the procedure of tracking the spot of maximum power. We have to calculate various geographical and energy parameters like longitude, latitude, tilt angle, solar irradiance, temperature etc. in traditional MPPT construction. To avoid these labyrinthine calculations and make MPPT systems cognizant enough to predict the position points of maximum power based upon their prior knowledge we employed artificial neural network in association with MPPT systems.

References

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i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering (JEE)

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Volume 14 Issue 3 January - March 2021

Effects of Electromagnetic Field Exposure and Evaluation of Biological Changes in Human Health

Ramu* , Ramesh Malothu**, R. Srinivasa Rao***

Ramu, D., Malothu, R., and Rao, R. S. (2021). Effects of Electromagnetic Field Exposure and Evaluation of Biological Changes in Human Health. i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering, 14(3), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.14.3.17959

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Torque and Speed Control of Asynchronous Motor Fed by 4-Level Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter

Syed Muzafar Ahmed S.* , K. Shafeeque Ahmed**, Y. Mohamed Shuaib ***, S. Sathik Basha****

*-*** Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. **** Department of Physics, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Ahmed, S. S. M., Ahmed, K. S., Shuaib, Y. M., and Basha, S. S. (2021). Torque and Speed Control of Asynchronous Motor Fed by 4-Level Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter. i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering, 14(3), 14-21. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.14.3.18208

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Model Predictive Control for DC–DC Boost Converter for Elimination of Overshoot and Achieving Faster Response in Solar PV Applications

Guruvulu Naidu Ponnada* , Ch. Sai Babu**, S. Satyanarayana***

*-** Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India. *** Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Raghu Institute of Technology, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Ponnada, G. N., Babu , C. S., and Satyanarayana, S. (2021). Model Predictive Control for DC–DC Boost Converter for Elimination of Overshoot and Achieving Faster Response in Solar PV Applications. i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering, 14(3), 22-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.14.3.17979

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The Operation of Over Modulated Dual-Inverter Fed Asynchronous Motor Drive

Mounika Gokari* , C. Nagamani**

*-** Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Anurag Group of Institutions, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Gokari, M., and Nagamani, C. (2021). The Operation of Over Modulated Dual Inverter Fed Asynchronous Motor Drive. i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering, 14(3), 32-39. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.14.3.17907

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Performance Improvement of Maximum Power Point Tracker of Solar Panels using Artificial Neural Networks

Nitin Sharma* , Nafees Ahamad**

*-*** Department of Electrical Electronics and Communication Engineering, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

Sharma, N., and Ahamad, N. (2021). Performance Improvement of Maximum Power Point Tracker of Solar Panels using Artificial Neural Networks. i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering, 14(3), 40-48. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.14.3.18284

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Ramu* , Ramesh Malothu, R. Srinivasa Rao*

Syed Muzafar Ahmed S.* , K. Shafeeque Ahmed, Y. Mohamed Shuaib *, S. Sathik Basha****

- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

** Department of Physics, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Guruvulu Naidu Ponnada* , Ch. Sai Babu, S. Satyanarayana*

- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Raghu Institute of Technology, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.