ANALYSIS OF CHALLENGES FACED BY PROCUREMENT OF GOODS, WORK, AND SERVICES USING CENTRALIZED PROCUREMENT. THE CASE OF A FIVE-STAR HOTEL IN MALAWI – UMODZI PARK & RESORTS
Enhancing Leadership Skills through University Extension Programs: A Study on the Impact of Management Development Programs
Intellectual Property Rights
India Desperately needs Synergy between University and Industry To make education globally competitive
An Empirical Analysis of the Dynamics of Tax Revenue Determinants in Kenya: A Longitudinal Approach
A Study on Fundamental Analysis of Selected Public and Private Sector Banks in India
Determinants of Farmers Participation Decision into Contract Farming: Evidence from Heineken Brewery's "Create" Project in Tiyo District, Ethiopia
An Appraisal of the Economic Outlook for the Tourism Industry, Specially Cox's Bazar in Bangladesh
Factors Associated with Processed Food Consumption among School-Going Adolescents in Karachi - A Cross Sectional Survey
Treasury Single Account, Revenue Generation and Utilization among Nigerian Universities - A Pre–Post Assessment
An Overview of Stone and Marble Industry of Rajasthan with Life Cycle Analysis and Industrial Survey
India Desperately needs Synergy between University and Industry To make education globally competitive
Insight on Digital Services of Rural People
Treasury Single Account, Revenue Generation and Utilization among Nigerian Universities - A Pre–Post Assessment
ANALYSIS OF CHALLENGES FACED BY PROCUREMENT OF GOODS, WORK, AND SERVICES USING CENTRALIZED PROCUREMENT. THE CASE OF A FIVE-STAR HOTEL IN MALAWI – UMODZI PARK & RESORTS
The research questions seek to address the challenges faced by Umodzi Park & Resorts in their centralized procurement system in order to bring efficiency and effectiveness in their day to day operations. The project used empirical and explanatory research methods which included collection of primary data through a questionnaire and interviews with the procurement personnel and observations from procurement documents which provided the guidelines and process of procurement. A secondary source of data is from written and electronic sources. The survey will look at the effectiveness of the centralized procurement system at Umodzi Park & Resorts by comparing the centralized model to decentralized model, and centralized model to the combined centralized and decentralized models. The sampling type used is the Quota sampling as we will only work with the procurement personnel from head office and its other two branches in the country. The study concludes with a recommended combined system of centralized and decentralized procurement and guidelines to follow for a successful procurement system.
This paper explores the pivotal role of Management Development Programs (MDPs) within the framework of university extension initiatives aimed at empowering future leaders. The study examines the impact of MDPs on participants' leadership skills, professional growth, and organizational effectiveness. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from a diverse group of participants across various universities. Findings indicate that MDPs significantly enhance leadership competencies, foster innovation, and contribute to the overall development of higher education institutions. The paper concludes with recommendations for optimizing MDPs to maximize their benefits for both individuals and organizations.
This paper explores the complex relationship between drug patent and access to medicine , highlighting the implication for public health and innovation. Patents plays a crucial role in incentivizing pharmaceutical innovation by granting exclusive rights to inventors for a limited period. However , the monopolistic nature of patents can hinder access to essential medicine especially in developing countries where affordability is a significant barrier. This paper examines the balance between fostering innovation and ensuring affordable access to medication, emphasizing the tension between patent care and public health objectives. Key issues discussed include the impact of patents on drug pricing, the role of generic competition in lowering prices, and the strategies employed by pharmaceutical companies to extend patent protection The paper also discusses the role of of international trade agreements and intellectual property laws in shaping access to medicine, focusing on the flexibilities in compulsory licensing and parallel imports. Through an review of case studies and empirical evidence, this paper evaluates the impact of various policy interventions designed to reconcile patent rights with public health priorities. these include initiatives to promote technology transfer, strengthen generic competition , and enhance regulatory frameworks for patent examination and enforcement. The paper also considers the importance of balancing incentives for innovation with safeguards against abuse, ensuring equitable access to medicines for all. In the conclusion, this paper argues for a comprehensive approach to drug patent policy that prioritizes public health while incentivizing innovation. It underscores the need for greater transparency, accountability, and collaboration with stakeholders to address the complex challenges at the intersection of patents, public health, and access to medicine.
The paper presents in brief need and importance of synergy between higher & technical education and industry. Win-win game between industry and institute is very essential, to raise their respective performance to greater heights. If synergy is achieved then higher & technical education in India can hope to become globally competitive. India can then become a hub of education to attract students from foreign as desired by government. Synergy will also enable Indian industry to be competitive by world standards and enable India to become a developed country with high rank in the world. Now NEP-2020 recommends synergy between university & industry. Many conferences and seminars in India in the past have taken place. The progress is rather slow. The paper makes suggestions to bring synergy in practice. The paper is based on observations of the author during his personal visits to several universities in developed countries, like USA, UK. Germany and in India.
Economic development remains a paramount global objective, yet many developing nations, including Kenya, face persistent fiscal deficits and reliance on foreign aid despite abundant natural resources. Effective tax policies are crucial in addressing these challenges by reducing deficits, fostering economic growth, and alleviating poverty. The volatility of tax income poses a significant challenge for Sub-Saharan African countries, contributing to erratic public spending and hindering sustainable economic progress. Recent global economic crises have underscored the urgency for these nations to bolster local revenue sources and overcome structural barriers to economic development. This article examines the factors of tax revenue in Kenya over 39 years from 1984 to 2022. Utilising data from various sources, including the World Bank's World Development Indicators (WDI), the Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA), the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK), and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the study employs an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to distinguish long-run relationships from short-run dynamics due to the mixed order of integration among variables. The empirical model includes real GDP, agricultural gross value added, general government expenditure, inflation consumer price, Official Development Assistance, and industrial gross value added as key determinants. The ARDL bounds test confirms a long-term equilibrium Connection between the variables and the error correction model. indicates a relatively quick adjustment process, with around 25% of disequilibrium corrected within a single period. The long-run ARDL estimation results suggest that agricultural value added significantly enhances tax revenue, while other variables like GDP and government expenditure show no significant long-term effect. In the short run, the lagged tax-to-GDP ratio and GDP significantly impact tax revenue. The findings underscore the importance of agricultural productivity and provide insights for policymakers aiming to enhance tax revenue in Kenya.
