i-manager Publications

i-manager's Journal on Material Science (JMS)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 1

Most Cited

Electrical Properties of Nanocomposite Polymer Gels based on PMMA-DMA/DMC-LiCLO₂ -SiO₂
Comparison Of Composite Proton Conducting Polymer Gel Electrolytes Containing Weak Aromatic Acids
Enhancement in Electrical Properties of PEO Based Nano-Composite Gel Electrolytes
Effect of Donor Number of Plasticizers on Conductivity of Polymer Electrolytes Containing NH₄F
PMMA Based Polymer Gel Electrolyte Containing LiCF₃SO₃

Volume 10 Issue 2 July - September 2022

Research Paper

Characterization of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticle for Water-Based Drilling Mud Formulation

Arokya Michael Jenis J.*

Marketsand Markets™ Research Private Ltd, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Jenis, J. A. M. (2022). Characterization of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticle for Water-Based Drilling Mud Formulation. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 10(2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.10.2.19040

Abstract

This research is based on the synthesis and analysis to determine the efficiency and cost effectiveness of nanoparticle materials used in drilling fluid during oilfield exploration process. The study was carried out in the formulation of a waterbased drilling fluid, in which the prepared additives were treated with magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles. The rheological properties of nanoparticle materials, such as flow time, viscosity, shear rate, shear stress, torque difference, and separation of solids and liquids, have been determined. The study also analyzed the fluid loss with respect to time in a manual filter press for low temperature and low pressure versus high pressure and high temperature using filter press hydraulic dead weight assembly in high temperature and high pressure. The nanoparticle used for the study was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer and particle size analyzer. Viscosity parameters were optimized using a multi-speed viscometer, lubricity tester and pH meter at effective concentration, as well as contact time, temperature and pressure changes as a function of concentration. The study suggests the use of MgO nanoparticle as an additive for water-based mud exploration in oilfields.

References

[1]. API. (2009). Recommended practice for field testing water-based drilling fluids (API RP 13B-1 / ISO 10414-1:2008). American Petroleum Institute (API)

[2]. Dejtaradon, P., Hamidi, H., Chuks, M. H., Wilkinson, D., & Rafati, R. (2019). Impact of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles on the rheological and filtration properties of water-based drilling fluid. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 570, 354-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.03.050

[3]. Katende, A., Boyou, N. V., Ismail, I., Chung, D. Z., Sagala, F., Hussein, N., & Ismail, M. S. (2019). Improving the performance of oil based mud and water based mud in a high temperature hole using nanosilica nanoparticles. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 577, 645-673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.05.088

[4]. Parizad, A., Shahbazi, K. and Tanha, A.A. (2018). Enhancement of polymeric water- based drilling fluid properties using nanoparticles. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 170, 813-828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2018.06.081

[5]. Rezaei, A., Nooripoor, V., & Shahbazi, K. (2020). Applicability of Fe3O4 nanoparticles for improving rheological and filtration properties of bentonite-water drilling fluids in the presence of sodium, calcium, and magnesium chlorides. Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, 10(6), 2453-2464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-020-00920-6

[6]. Salih, A. H., Elshehabi, T. A., & Bilgesu, H. I. (2016, September). Impact of nanomaterials on the rheological and filtration properties of water-based drilling fluids. In SPE Eastern Regional Meeting. Article SPE-184067-MS. https://doi.org/10.2118/184067-MS

[7]. Zamani, A., Bataee, M., Hamdi, Z., & Khazforoush, F. (2019). Application of smart nano-WBM material for filtrate loss recovery in wellbores with tight spots problem: an empirical study. Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, 9(1), 669-674. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-018-0500-1

[8]. Zhang, Q., Jia, W., Fan, X., Liang, Y., & Yang, Y. (2015). A review of the shale wellbore stability mechanism based on mechanical–chemical coupling theories. Petroleum, 1(2), 91-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petlm.2015.06.005

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Research Paper

Experimental Investigation of Water Based Drilling Mud by using Graphene

Vamsi Krishna Kudapa*

Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

Kudapa, V. K. (2022). Experimental Investigation of Water Based Drilling Mud by using Graphene. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 10(2), 9-16. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.10.2.19037

Abstract

In the oil and gas industry, the need for a particular composition-based drilling mud is characterized by its rheological and fluid loss properties. Enhancing these properties will increase the efficiency of drilling fluid and, hence, the wellbore damage will be controlled. Recent advancements show that the application of nanoparticles in drilling fluids will enhance their efficiency. This research investigates the influence of adding graphene nanoparticles on the performance of water-based drilling fluids. The main objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of nanoparticles on water-based drilling mud with different concentrations of nanoparticles added to the mud.

References

[1]. Abdou, M. I., Al-Sabagh, A. M., Ahmed, H. E. S., & Fadl, A. M. (2018). Impact of barite and ilmenite mixture on enhancing the drilling mud weight. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 27(4), 955-967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2018.02.004

[2]. AlBajalan, A. R., & Haias, H. K. (2021). Evaluation of the performance of conventional water-based mud characteristics by applying zinc oxide and silica dioxide nanoparticle materials for a selected well in the Kurdistan/Iraq oil field. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2021. Article 4376366. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/4376366

[3]. Al-Khdheeawi, E. A., & Mahdi, D. S. (2019). Apparent viscosity prediction of water-based muds using empirical correlation and an artificial neural network. Energies, 12(16), Article 3067. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12163067

[4]. Alvi, M. A. A., Belayneh, M., Bandyopadhyay, S., & Minde, M. W. (2020). Effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on the properties of water-based drilling fluids. Energies, 13(24), Article 6718. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13246718

[5]. Bég, O. A., Espinoza, D. E., Kadir, A., Shamshuddin, M. D., & Sohail, A. (2018). Experimental study of improved rheology and lubricity of drilling fluids enhanced with nano-particles. Applied Nanoscience, 8(5), 1069-1090. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-018-0746-4

[6]. Delikesheva, D., Syzdykov, A. K., Ismailova, J., Kabdushev, A., & Bukayeva, G. (2020). Measurement of the plastic viscosity and yield point of drilling fluids. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 13(1), 58-65.

[7]. Dora, T. K., Krishna, K. V., Iqbal, M. I., & Ranjan, A. (in press). An experimental analysis on nanoparticles role in drilling fluids. Materials Today: Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.06.001

[8]. Mansoor, H. H. A., Devarapu, S. R., Samuel, R., Sangwai, J. S., & Ponmani, S. (2022). Investigation of chia based copper oxide nanofluid for water based drilling fluid: An experimental approach. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 107, Article 104775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2022.104775

[9]. Mansoor, H. H. A., Devarapu, S. R., Samuel, R., Sharma, T., & Ponmani, S. (2021). Experimental investigation of aloe-vera-based CuO nanofluid as a novel additive in improving the rheological and filtration properties of water-based drilling fluid. SPE Drilling & Completion, 36(3), 542-551. https://doi.org/10.2118/205004-PA

[10]. Parizad, A., Shahbazi, K., & Tanha, A. A. (2018a). SiO2 nanoparticle and KCl salt effects on filtration and thixotropical behavior of polymeric water based drilling fluid: With zeta potential and size analysis. Results in Physics, 9, 1656-1665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2018.04.037

[11]. Parizad, A., Shahbazi, K., & Tanha, A. A. (2018b). Enhancement of polymeric water-based drilling fluid properties using nanoparticles. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 170, 813-828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2018.06.081

[12]. Ponmani, S., Kumar, G., Khan, S., Babu, A. N., Reddy, M., Kumar, G. S., & Reddy, D. S. (2019). Improvement of anti-sag and rheological properties of water based muds using nano-barite. Materials Today: Proceedings, 17, 176-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.06.416

[13]. Prince, M. J. A., Avula, V. R., & Kudapa, V. K. (2022). Investigation of anionic in place of cationic surfactants onto oil wet carbonate surfaces for improving recovery. Materials Today: Proceedings, 52, 825-828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.10.213

[14]. Salih, A. H., Elshehabi, T. A., & Bilgesu, H. I. (2016, September). Impact of nanomaterials on the rheological and filtration properties of water-based drilling fluids. In SPE Eastern Regional Meeting. Article SPE-184067-MS. https://doi.org/10.2118/184067-MS

[15]. Shaik, A. H., & Reddy, D. S. (2017). Formation of 2D and 3D superlattices of silver nanoparticles inside an emulsion droplet. Materials Research Express, 4(3), Article 035043. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aa5e5b

[16]. Sharma, P., & Kudapa, V. K. (2021). Rheological study of fluid flow model through computational flow dynamics analysis and its implications in mud hydraulics. Materials Today: Proceedings, 47, 5326-5333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.06.058

[17]. William, J. K. M., Ponmani, S., Samuel, R., Nagarajan, R., & Sangwai, J. S. (2014). Effect of CuO and ZnO nanofluids in xanthan gum on thermal, electrical and high pressure rheology of water-based drilling fluids. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 117, 15-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2014.03.005

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Research Paper

Rheological Properties and Mechanical Characteristics Analysis of Nano-Based Cement Plug

Hrithik Prakasan* , Vamsi Krishna Kudapa**

*-** Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

Prakasan, H., and Kudapa, V. K. (2022). Rheological Properties and Mechanical Characteristics Analysis of Nano-Based Cement Plug. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 10(2), 17-26. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.10.2.19022

Abstract

In the oil and gas industry, drilling is expensive, from the exploration phase through drilling and production to enhanced oil recovery. Therefore, it is important to maintain the integrity of the well till the end of the production phase. Cementing the wellbore during drilling helps to maintain the integrity of the well throughout its lifecycle. It is necessary to know the properties of the cement and the wellbore conditions before the cementing is done. Upon the addition of certain nanomaterial to the cement, the properties of the cement can be altered based on need. Use of nanotechnology in the cement slurry can help in achieving solutions to many problems that pertain to oil well cementation. This paper discusses the behavior of certain nanomaterials when added to cement at high temperatures and high pressures, and how the properties of cement are affected by the addition of these nanoparticles.

References

[1]. Alsaba, M. T., Al Dushaishi, M. F., & Abbas, A. K. (2020). A comprehensive review of nanoparticles applications in the oil and gas industry. Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, 10(4), 1389-1399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-019-00825-z

[2]. API. (2002). Specification 10A: Specification for Cements and Materials for Well Cementing. API/ANSI/ISO 10426-1-2001. Washington, DC: American Petroleum Institute.

[3]. Barbhuiya, S., Mukherjee, S., & Nikraz, H. (2014). Effects of nano-Al2O3 on early-age microstructural properties of cement paste. Construction and Building Materials, 52, 189-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.010

[4]. Dora, T. K., Krishna, K. V., Iqbal, M. I., & Ranjan, A. (in press). An experimental analysis on nanoparticles role in drilling fluids. Materials Today: Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.06.001

[5]. Iskra-Kozak, W., & Konkol, J. (2021). The impact of nano-Al2O3 on the physical and strength properties as well as on the morphology of cement composite crack surfaces in the early and later maturation age. Materials, 14(16), Article 4441. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma1416444 1

[6]. Katal, R., Masudy-Panah, S., Tanhaei, M., Farahani, M. H. D. A., & Jiangyong, H. (2020). A review on the synthesis of the various types of anatase TiO facets and 2 their applications for photocatalysis. Chemical Engineering Journal, 384, 123384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.123384

[7]. Kozlova, I. V., Zemskova, O. V., Semenov, V. S., & Stepina, I. V. (2021, March). Effect of nano-aluminum component on the cement properties. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1079(3), Article 032071. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1079/3/032071

[8]. Lee, B. Y., Jayapalan, A. R., & Kurtis, K. E. (2013). Effects of nano-TiO2 on properties of cement-based materials. Magazine of Concrete Research, 65(21), 1293-1302. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.13.00131

[9]. Maagi, M. T., & Jun, G. (2020). Application of nanoparticles for strengthening wellbore cementformation bonding. Oil & Gas Science and Technology–Revue d'IFP Energies nouvelles, 75, Article 64. https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2020052

[10]. Maagi, M. T., Lupyana, S. D., &Jun, G. (2019). Effect of nano-SiO2, nano-TiO2 and nano-Al2O3 addition on fluid loss in oil-well cement slurry. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 13, Article 62. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40069-019-0371-y

[11]. Maagi, M. T., Lupyana, S. D., & Jun, G. (2020). Nanotechnology in the petroleum industry: Focus on the use of nanosilica in oil-well cementing applications-A review. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 193, Article 107397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2020.107397

[12]. Mansoor, H. H. A., Devarapu, S. R., Samuel, R., Sangwai, J. S., & Ponmani, S. (2022). Investigation of chia based copper oxide nanofluid for water based drilling fluid: An experimental approach. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 107, 104775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2022.104775

[13]. Mansoor, H. H. A., Devarapu, S. R., Samuel, R., Sharma, T., & Ponmani, S. (2021). Experimental investigation of aloe-vera-based CuO nanofluid as a novel additive in improving the rheological and filtration properties of water-based drilling fluid. SPE Drilling & Completion, 36(3), 542-551. https://doi.org/10.2118/205004-PA

[14]. Mohammed, R. K., Kamal, H. M., & Kadhim, M. J. (2020, March). Study the effect of calcium and nano Al2O3 oxide powders on the mechanical and physical properties of cement mortar. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2213(1), Article 020135. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0000393

[15]. Mohan, V. P. V., & Kudapa, V. K. (2021). Recent developments in usage of fluorine-free nano structured materials in oil-water separation: A review. Surfaces and Interfaces, 27, Article 101455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2021.101455

[16]. Nazari, A., Riahi, S., Riahi, S., Shamekhi, S. F., & Khademno, A. (2010). Influence of Al O nanoparticles on the compressive strength and workability of blended concrete. Journal of American Science, 6(5), 6-9.

[17]. Pikłowska, A. (2018). Rheological properties of cement slurries modified by silica nanostructures applied in drilling industry. In E3S Web of Conferences, 71, Article 00012. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187100012

[18]. Ponmani, S., Kumar, G., Khan, S., Babu, A. N., Reddy, M., Kumar, G. S., & Reddy, D. S. (2019). Improvement of anti-sag and rheological properties of water based muds using nano-barite. Materials Today: Proceedings, 17, 176-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.06.416

[19]. Sobolev, K., Flores, I., Torres-Martinez, L. M., Valdez, P. L., Zarazua, E., & Cuellar, E. L. (2009). Engineering of SiO 2 nanoparticles for optimal performance in nano cementbased materials. In: Bittnar, Z., Bartos, P.J.M., Němeček, J., Šmilauer, V., Zeman, J. (Eds.) Nanotechnology in Construction: Proceedings of the NICOM3 (pp. 139-148). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

[20]. Shaik, A. H., & Reddy, D. S. (2017). Formation of 2D and 3D superlattices of silver nanoparticles inside an emulsion droplet. Materials Research Express, 4(3), Article 035043. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aa5e5b

[21]. Sharma, P., & Kudapa, V. K. (2021). Rheological study of fluid flow model through computational flow dynamics analysis and its implications in mud hydraulics. Materials Today: Proceedings, 47, 5326-5333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.06.058

[22]. Sorathiya, J., Shah, S., & Kacha, S. (2017). Effect on addition of nano “titanium dioxide” (TiO2) on compressive strength of cementitious concrete. Kalpa Publications in Civil Engineering, 1, 219-225.

[23]. Sudharsan, J., Agarwal, M., & Kudapa, V. K. (2021). Nanotechnology for a green-proficient disposal of oilfield produced water. Materials Today: Proceedings, 46, 3341-3345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.475

[24]. Thakkar, A., Raval, A., Chandra, S., Shah, M., & Sircar, A. (2020). A comprehensive review of the application of nano-silica in oil well cementing. Petroleum, 6(2), 123-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petlm.2019.06.005

[25]. Wang, L., Zhang, H., & Gao, Y. (2018). Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on physical and mechanical properties of cement at low temperatures. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2018, Article 8934689. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8934689

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Research Paper

A Critical Analysis on the Effects of Xanthan Gum Properties and its Derivatives in Enhanced Oil Recovery

Simran Juneja* , Vamsi Krishna Kudapa**

*-** Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

Juneja, S., and Kudapa, V. K. (2022). A Critical Analysis on the Effects of Xanthan Gum Properties and its Derivatives in Enhanced Oil Recovery. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 10(2), 27-33. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.10.2.19025

Abstract

Polymer flooding or mobility control techniques that focus on maintaining favorable mobility ratios can be used to improve volumetric sweep efficiency. The development of specialized polymer solutions optimizes the mobility ratio between the injected polymer solution and the oil or water bank being displaced in advance of the polymer. Because of its solid structure, lack of effect of salt on viscosity (unlike partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), which has a salinity influence on viscosity), and lack of effect of high temperatures, xanthan gum, also known as polysaccharide biopolymer, is the most frequently utilized. This research investigates many properties of xanthan gum, as well as its effectiveness with other polymers and the modifications made to improve its performance.

References

[1]. Agarwal, M., Kudapa, V. K., & Sudharsan, J. (2021). Analytical study of structural characteristics of South Eastern coal field by FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Materials Today: Proceedings, 47, 5319-5325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.06.055

[2]. Dang, C., Nghiem, L., Nguyen, N., Yang, C., Chen, Z., & Bae, W. (2018). Modeling and optimization of alkalinesurfactant- polymer flooding and hybrid enhanced oil recovery processes. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 169, 578-601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2018.06.017

[3]. Elella, M. H. A., Goda, E. S., Gab-Allah, M. A., Hong, S. E., Pandit, B., Lee, S., ... & Yoon, K. R. (2021). Xanthan gum-derived materials for applications in environment and eco-friendly materials: A review. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 9(1), Article 104702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.104702

[4]. Eshkalak, M. O., Al-Shalabi, E. W., Sanaei, A., Aybar, U., & Sepehrnoori, K. (2014, November). Enhanced gas recovery by CO2 sequestration versus re-fracturing treatment in unconventional shale gas reservoirs. In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Article SPE-172083-MS. https://doi.org/10.2118/172083-MS

[5]. Jang, H. Y., Zhang, K., Chon, B. H., & Choi, H. J. (2015). Enhanced oil recovery performance and viscosity characteristics of polysaccharide xanthan gum solution. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 21, 741-745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2014.04.005

[6]. Mansoor, H. H. A., Devarapu, S. R., Samuel, R., Sharma, T., & Ponmani, S. (2021). Experimental investigation of aloe-vera-based cuo nanofluid as a novel additive in improving the rheological and filtration properties of water-based drilling fluid. SPE Drilling & Completion, 36(3), 542-551. https://doi.org/10.2118/205004-PA

[7]. Marudova‐ Zsivanovits, M., Jilov, N., & Gencheva, E. (2007). Rheological investigation of xanthan gum–chromium gelation and its relation to enhanced oil recovery. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 103(1), 160-166. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.25025

[8]. Navaie, F., & Esmaeilnezhad, E. (2021). Thixotropic properties and thermal stability of xanthan gum biopolymer solutions for enhanced oil recovery. The 17th National Chemical Engineering Congress & Exhibition (IChEC 2021), 7-9.

[9]. Said, M., Haq, B., Al Shehri, D., Rahman, M. M., Muhammed, N. S., & Mahmoud, M. (2021). Modification of xanthan gum for a high-temperature and high-salinity reservoir. Polymers, 13(23), Article 4212. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13234212

[10]. Sharma, P., & Kudapa, V. K. (2021). Rheological study of fluid flow model through computational flow dynamics analysis and its implications in mud hydraulics. Materials Today: Proceedings, 47, 5326-5333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.06.058

[11]. Sharma, P., & Kudapa, V. K. (2022). Study on the effect of cross-linked gel polymer on water shutoff in oil wellbores. Materials Today: Proceedings, 48, 1103-1106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.07.506

[12]. Wei, B. (2015). Flow characteristics of three enhanced oil recovery polymers in porous media. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 132(10), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.41598

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Review Paper

A Review of Polymer Flooding for Enhanced Oil Recovery

Dikshant Ruhil* , Hardik Khandelwal, Harshit Rawat*, Shanawar Aslam****

*-**** Department of Petroleum Engineering and Earth Science, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

Ruhil, D., Khandelwal, H., Rawat, H., and Aslam, S. (2022). A Review of Polymer Flooding for Enhanced Oil Recovery. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 10(2), 34-46. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.10.2.19045

Abstract

Oil has a significant role as the principal source of energy in a society with rising energy demand. According to the annual report 2021 by Shelf Drilling (a leading provider of jack-up contract drilling services), the world oil consumption grew by 0.8 million barrels per day to reach almost 101 million barrels per day in the year 2019. Several other reports mention that the global crude oil output increased by 2.1 million barrels per day, or 2.3 percent, which is more than three times the global consumption. Additionally, the recent dramatic drop in oil prices compelled oil corporations to reconsider their production plans and cut costs in light of the dynamic oil price environment. While new oil sources are still being discovered and developed, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods are being used more frequently. In this review paper, the features of polymers utilized for EOR, including synthetic and natural polymers (biopolymers) are discussed. Also, the numerous EOR applications such as polymer flooding, polymer foam flooding, alkali–polymer flooding, surfactant–polymer flooding, alkali–surfactant polymer flooding, and polymeric nanofluid flooding are generalized and evaluated. With new advancements in the applications of polymeric nanofluid, it is capable of taking over the oil industry efficiently in polymer flooding for EOR. Additionally, due to their general macromolecular structure and viscoelastic characteristics, polymers are important in EOR.

References

[1]. Abbas, A. H., Elhag, H. H., Sulaiman, W. R. W., Gbadamosi, A., Pourafshary, P., Ebrahimi, S. S., ... & Agi, A. (2021). Modelling of continuous surfactant flooding application for marginal oilfields: A case study of Bentiu reservoir. Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, 11(2), 989-1006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-020-01077-y

[2]. Abidin, A. Z., Puspasari, T., & Nugroho, W. A. (2012). Polymers for enhanced oil recovery technology. Procedia Chemistry, 4(2012), 11-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2012.06.002

[3]. Agi, A., Junin, R., Jaafar, M. Z., Amin, N. A. S., Sidek, M. A., Nyakuma, B. B., ... & Azli, N. B. (2022a). Ultrasoundassisted nanofluid flooding to enhance heavy oil recovery in a simulated porous media. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 15(5), 103784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103784

[4]. Agi, A., Junin, R., Jaafar, M. Z., Sidek, M. A., Yakasai, F., Gbadamosi, A., & Oseh, J. (2022b). Laboratory evaluation to field application of ultrasound: A state-ofthe- art review on the effect of ultrasonication on enhanced oil recovery mechanisms. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 110, 100-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2022.03.030

[5]. Austad, T., Fjelde, I., Veggeland, K., & Taugbøl, K. (1994). Physicochemical principles of low tension polymer flood. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 10(3), 255-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/0920-4105(94)90085-X

[6]. Bao, M., Chen, Q., Li, Y., & Jiang, G. (2010). Biodegradation of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide by bacteria isolated from production water after polymer flooding in an oil field. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 184(1-3), 105-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.08.011

[7]. Delamaide, E., Zaitoun, A., Renard, G., & Tabary, R. (2014). Pelican lake field: First successful application of polymer flooding in a heavy-oil reservoir. SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering,

[8]. Firozjaii, A. M., & Saghafi, H. R. (2020). Review on chemical enhanced oil recovery using polymer flooding: Fundamentals, experimental and numerical simulation. Petroleum, 6(2), 115-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petlm.2019.09.003

[9]. Gbadamosi, A. O., Kiwalabye, J., Junin, R., & Augustine, A. (2018). A review of gas enhanced oil recovery schemes used in the North Sea. Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, 8(4), 1373-1387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-018-0451-6

[10]. Gbadamosi, A., Patil, S., Kamal, M. S., Adewunmi, A. A., Yusuff, A. S., Agi, A., & Oseh, J. (2022). Application of polymers for chemical enhanced oil recovery: A review. Polymers, 14(7), 1433. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14071433

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Volume 10 Issue 2 July - September 2022

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A Critical Analysis on the Effects of Xanthan Gum Properties and its Derivatives in Enhanced Oil Recovery

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A Review of Polymer Flooding for Enhanced Oil Recovery

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Dikshant Ruhil* , Hardik Khandelwal, Harshit Rawat*, Shanawar Aslam****