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i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems (JCS)

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Design and Development of Patient Care Voice Actuated Bed in Hospital
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A Centre C-Shaped Dual Band Rectangular Monopole Antenna for Wi-Fi and Wireless Communication
Impact of Subchannel Symbol Rates on WSS Filtering Penalty in Elastic Optical Networks: A Comparative Study

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Volume 8 Issue 1 November - January 2019

Research Paper

Recent Advancement on Photonic Feeding of Antennas for Microwave Beam Steering

Md Danish Nadeem* , Sanjeev Kumar Raghuwanshi, R.K.Yadav*

_Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India.

Skyline Institute of Technology, Greater,Noida, India.

Nadeem, Md. D., Raghuwanshi, S. K., & Yadav, R. K. (2019). Recent Advancement on Photonic Feeding of Antennas for Microwave Beam Steering. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 8(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.8.1.15888

Abstract

Using light to exchange RF signal has rapidly developed since the innovation of optical fiber and semiconductor laser in 1960's. A Photonics Antenna (PA), which brings together the worlds of radiofrequency engineering (radiation of EM wave) and optoelectronics devices (laser, photo diode), has attracted and give great importance from both the research group of people and the commercial sector over the past 30 years and is set to have a bright future. The essential focal point of photonics for antenna system has, truly, been on the advancement of connection and beam steering techniques. By utilizing photonically controlled gadgets and materials it is conceivable to deliver progressive changes in receiving antenna components and in the structure and properties of exhibits, opening the new door for another class of Antenna. This technology enables complex or even impossible functions in the field of radiofrequency (RF) in microwave systems and creates new opportunities fortelecommunications networks. We present the technology of the photonics community and summarize current research and important applications. This review paper summarizes the comprehensive study of photonics feeding antenna, or Photonics for antenna characteristics, possible applications and wireless communication challenges of this promising type of Antenna.

References

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[15]. Lim, C., Nirmalathas, A. T., Lee, K. L., Novak, D., & Waterhouse, R. (2007). Intermodulation distortion improvement for fiber–radio applications incorporating OSSB+ C modulation in an optical integrated-access environment. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 25(6), 1602-1612.

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[37]. Yashchyshyn, Y., Chizh, A., Malyshev, S., & Modelski, J. (2010). Technologies and applications of microwave photonic antennas. International Conference on Modern Problems of Radio Engineering, Telecommunications and Computer Science (TCSET), Lviv-Slavske, 11-14.

[38]. Yashchyshyn, Y., Modelski, J., Malyshev, S., Chizh, A., Svirie, M., & Wegrzyniak, P. (2007, October). Near field antennas measurements using photonic antenna. In 2007 European Microwave Conference (pp. 576-579). IEEE.

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Research Paper

Design of An Efficient Microstrip Patch Antenna With Reduced Specific Absorption Rates (SAR)

Arul Jenshiya P. R.* , Madhan Kumar K., Riyaz Fathima H.*

*_***Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, PET Engineering college,Tamil Nadu, India.

Jenshiya, A. P. R., Kumar, M. K., & Fathima, R. H. (2019). Design of An Efficient Microstrip Patch Antenna With Reduced Specific Absorption Rates (SAR). i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 8(1), 11-18. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.8.1.16430

Abstract

Nowadays, the demand for compact, high, wide bandwidth and, a low-cost antenna has increased rapidly. An antenna is a transducer that converts electrical signals to EM waves and radiates into space. The antenna performance can be measured by gain, return loss, VSWR etc. Antennas are classified into several types but the microstrip patch antennas are mostly used for several specific applications because of its low profile, lightweight, low cost, feed-line flexibility, versatility, ease of fabrication etc. Even though it has several advantages, it suffers from major drawbacks namely narrow bandwidth, low gain, high return loss. In order to overcome the above mentioned drawbacks, FR-4 materials are used. Specific absorption rate (SAR) is a measurement that describes the radiation level absorbed by the human body or tissue when placed at RF field. It is defined as the power absorbed per mass of tissue and has units of watt per kilogram. SAR is measured either with the complete body or over a small sample volume (1g or 10g of tissue). The antenna performance can be evaluated in terms of gain, VSWR and the return loss were calculated for the proposed antenna and the proposed antenna provides the peak the gain of 4.51dB at 10.846GHz and also the SAR value of 0.00117W/Kg are evaluated for 1g of tissue for the proposed antenna. The human phantom model and the proposed antennas are designed using CST (Computer Simulation Technology) microwave Studio Tool.

References

[1]. Abdulrazzaq, S. A., & Aziz, J. S. (2013). SAR simulation in human head exposed to RF signals and safety precautions. Int. J. Comput. Sci. Eng. Technol., 3(9), 334- 340.

[2]. Ali, I. H., Hamd, H. I., & Abdalla, A. I. (2018). Design and comparison of two types of antennas for SAR calculation in wireless applications. In 2018 Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences (ASET) (pp. 1-5). IEEE. DOI:10.1109/ICASET.2018.8376891,2018.

[3]. Ali, U., Ullah, S., Khan, J., Shafi, M., Kamal, B., Basir, A., ... & Seager, R. D. (2017). Design and SAR analysis of wearable antenna on various parts of human body, using conventional and artificial ground planes. Journal on Electrical Engineering and Technology, 12(1), 317-328. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/ JEET.2017.12.1.317,2017.

[4]. Baligar, S. M., Soloni, R., & Chandrappa, D. N. (2016). Analysis of specific absorption rate (SAR) of microstrip patch antenna for wireless applications. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, 5(5), 43-52. DOI 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5555.

[5]. Gundumalla, A., Agrawal, S., & Parihar, M. S. (2018). Miniaturized active stepped impedance planar inverted- F antenna using common ground. AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 83, 233- 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2017.08.041

[6]. Hossain, M. I., Faruque, M. I., & Islam, M. T. (2015). Investigation of hand impact on PIFA performances and SAR in human head. Journal of Applied Research and Technology, 13(4), 447-453.

[7]. Ishak, N. I. A., Seman, N., Kamarudin, M. R., & Samsuri, N. A. (2017). Specific absorption rate investigation on multiple antennas. In 2017 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP) (pp. 1-2). IEEE. DOI: 10.1109/ISANP.2017.822901

[8]. Jenshiya, P. R., Kumar, K. M., & Fathima, H. R. (2019). Evaluation of specific absorption rate of electromagnetic radiation on human brain-microstrip patch antenna. ICTACT Journal on Communication Technology, 10(1), 1923-1928. DOI: 1021917//ijct.201902 82.

[9]. Kovar, S., Spano, I., Gatto, G., Valouch, J., & Adamek, M. (2017). SAR evaluation of wireless antenna on implanted cardiac pacemaker. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 31(6), 627- 635. DOI: 10.1080/09205071.2017.1301831.

[10]. Sultan, K. S., Abdullah, H. H., & Abdallah, E. A. (2014). Low SAR, simple printed compact multiband antenna for mobile and wireless communication applications. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/946781.

[11]. Tharakan, A., Deepthi J., Sebastian A. D., Gopika J., & Krishna, D. D. (2015). Specific absorption rate (SAR) reduced mobile phone antenna designs. Fifth International Conferences on Advances in Computing and Communications. DOI: 10.1109/ICACC.2015.89.

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Research Paper

Quality of Service of Proactive, Reactive and Hybrid Routing Protocols For Ad-Hoc Networks Over Fading Channel

CH. JalajakshI* , B. K. Ramayya, M. Rajan Babu*, A. Jyothsna****

*_****Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lendi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Andhra pradesh, India.

Jalajakshi, C. H., Ramayya, B.K. Babu, M. R., & Jyothsna, A.(2019). Quality of Service of Proactive, Reactive and Hybrid Routing Protocols For Ad-Hoc Networks Over Fading Channel. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 8(1), 19-24 https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.8.1.16429

Abstract

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks is the collection of wireless nodes that can exchange information dynamically among them without pre-existing fixed infrastructure. Here the routing protocols are evaluated over noisy channels. Three protocols used here are Optimum Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR-Proactive) Routing protocol, Zone Routing protocol (ZRP-Hybrid), Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV-reactive) routing protocol, taking traffic density and mobility. The basic fading environments such as AWGN, Rayleigh and Ricean. This paper presents a simulation-based comparison and performance analysis on different parameters like Throughput, and Average End-to-End delay for different traffic densities and node mobility.

References

[1]. Das, P., & Seth, D. D. (2016, December). Performance analysis of routing protocols for adhoc network in a fading environment. In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research (ICCIC) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.

[2]. GloMoSim. (n.d.). Global Mobile Information Systems Simulation Library. Retrieved from http://people.ac.upc. edu/amir/index_files/Glomosim.pdf

[3]. Kanungo, S., & Seth, D. D. (2014, December). Performance comparison of medium access control protocols for mobile ad-hoc network in fading environment. In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research (pp. 1-5). IEEE.

[4]. Lin-Zhu, W., Ya-qin, F., & Min, S. (2009, July). Performance comparison of two routing protocols for ad hoc networks. In 2009 WASE International Conference on Information Engineering (pp. 260-262).

[5]. Mbarushimana, C., & Shahrabi, A. (2007, May). Comparative study of reactive and proactive routing protocols performance in mobile ad hoc networks. In 21^stInternational Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (AINAW'07) (Vol. 2, pp. 679-684). IEEE.

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[7]. Perkins, C. E. (2001). Ad hoc Networking (Vol. 1). Reading: Addison-wesley.

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[9]. Qasim, N., Said, F., & Aghvami, H. (2008, July). Mobile Ad hoc Networks simulations using Routing protocols for Performance comparisons. In Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering (Vol. 1, pp. 2-4).

[10]. Rahman, M. A., Anwar, F., Naeem, J., & Abedin, M. S. M. (2010, May). A simulation based performance comparison of routing protocol on Mobile Ad-hoc Network (proactive, reactive and hybrid). In International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE'10) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.

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[12]. Singh, R., Singh, D. K., & Kumar, L. (2011). Performance evaluation of DSR and DSDV routing protocols for wireless ad hoc networks. Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications, 2(04), 732-737.

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[14]. Toh, C. K. (2001). Adhoc Mobile Wireless Networks: Protocols and Systems, 1^st edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall.

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Research Paper

Admittance Characteristics of C-Bandwave Guide Junction

P. Ujjvala Kanthi Prabha* , Bandi Divyank**

*MVGR College of Engineering Vizianagaram, India.

** Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

Prabha, P. U. K., & Divyank, B. (2019). Admittance Characteristics of C-Band Wave Guide Junction. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 8(1), 25-30. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.8.1.16431

Abstract

The essential element in radar and radiation pattern of open ended slot arrays will be communication applications is antenna. In Several applications radiation with polarization in the desired direction is required. Waveguide junctions can be used for such applications. In H-plane Tee junctions, tee arm is coupled to main waveguide narrow wall through longitudinal slot. In order to provide additional parameters for array designer, inclined slots are used instead of longitudinal slots in the narrow wall of main distorted because mutual coupling exists between the slots. But slot coupled shunt tees suppress the cross polarized components, which in turn reduces the mutual coupling between the slots. Slots in rectangular waveguide Arrays are considered by Stevenson. Studies are made for infinite guides with matched termination, but in practice, the guides have wave guide, which produces vertical polarization with unmatched termination. Arthur’s et al.[1] analysis to purity. The present work gives analysis to obtain equivalent impedance parameters as seen from conductance, susceptance, coupling and VSWR as a function of frequency after determining the resonant slot length for different antenna parameters like slot angle and slot width. For C-band H-plan Tee junction the results are numerically computed using concepts of self- reaction and discontinuity in modal currents. For array designers this data presented is useful.

References

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[2]. Dumanli, S., Railton, C. J., & Paul, D. L. (2011). A slot antenna array with low mutual coupling for use on small mobile terminals. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 59(5), 1512-1520.

[3]. Josefsson, L. A. R. S. G. (1987). Analysis of longitudinal slots in rectangular waveguides. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 35(12), 1351-1357.

[4]. Li, J. Y., & Li, L. W. (2005). Smaller offset broadwall longitudinal waveguide slots: A new analysis using a new idea. IEEE Proceedings-Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, 152(3), 179-182.

[5]. Marcuvitz, N., & Schwinger, J. (1951). On the representation of the electric and magnetic fields produced by currents and discontinuities in wave guides. International Journal of Applied Physics, 22(6), 806-819.

[6]. Morini, A., Rozzi, T., & Venanzoni, G. (2006). On the analysis of slotted waveguide arrays. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 54(7), 2016-2021.

[7]. Neto, A., & Lee, J. J. (2006). Ultrawide-band properties of long slot arrays. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 54(2), 534-543. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2005.86 3140

[8]. Oliner, A. A. (1951). Equivalent circuits for slots in rectangular waveguide (No. PIBMRI-234-50). Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn NY Microwave Research Inst.

[9]. Raju, G. S. N., Chakraborty, A., & Das, B. N. (1990). Studies on wide inclined slots in the narrow wall of rectangular waveguide. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 38(1), 24-29.

[10]. Watson, W. H. (1946). Resonant slots. Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers-Part IIIA: Radiolocation, 93(4), 747-777.

[11]. Wettergren, J., Kildal, P. S., & Forooraghi, K. (1993, June). Admittance of a longitudinal slot in a finite ground plane. In Proceedings of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (pp. 1608-1611). IEEE.

[12]. Young, J. C., Hirokawa, J., & Ando, M. (2007). Analysis of a rectangular waveguide, edge slot array with finite wall thickness. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 55(3), 812-819.

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Research Paper

Design of Compact Broadband Microstrip Antenna for UWB Applications

J. Swathi* , B. Rama Rao**

*_**Aditya Institute of Technology and Management Tekkali, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Swathi, J., & Rao, R. B. (2019). Design of Compact Broadband Microstrip Antenna for UWB Applications. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 8(1), 31-35 https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.8.1.16428

Abstract

A novel approach to design a microstrip patch antenna is proposed for wide beam, and low profile applications. In this project microstrip patch antenna is structures to compose X-shaped cut on rectangular patch. The need of high data rates for wireless communication becomes more and more urgent, and various solutions have been brought forward. This X-shaped microstrip patch antenna is an excellent design for ultra wide band applications. The proposed antenna simulation is going to be carried out through 3d electromagnetic simulation software called ANSOFT HFSS and fabricated on dielectric substrate FR-4 by using Microstrip line feeding technique. Using Vector Network Analyzer E5071C, the invent antenna is tested and results are to be differentiated with Simulation results. The parameters that are focused here is resonant frequency, return loss, VSWR, Gain and Percentage Bandwidth.

References

[1]. Azim, R., Mobashsher, A. T., Islam, M. T., & Misran, N. (2010, May). Compact planar antenna for UWB applications. In 2010 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (pp. 1987- 1990). IEEE.

[2]. Badjian, M. H., Chakrabarty, C. K., Hock, G. C., & Devkumar, S. (2008, August). An impulse UWB patch antenna with integrated bandpass filter. In 2008 6^th National Conference on Telecommunication Technologies and 2008 2 Malaysia Conference on Photonics (pp. 166-169). IEEE.

[3]. Brzezina, G., Ye, Q., & Roy, L. (2005, July). Development of a practical ultra-wideband antenna with planar circuit integration possibilities. In 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (Vol. 3, pp. 504-507). IEEE.

[4]. Garg, R., Bhartia, P., Bahl, I. J., & Ittipiboon, A. (2001). Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook. Artech House.

[5]. Kumar, M., Basu, A., & Koul, S. K. (2011). UWB printed slot antenna with improved performance in time and frequency domains. Progress In Electromagnetics Research, 18, 197-210.

[6]. Liu, H. W., Ku, C. H., Wang, T. S., & Yang, C. F. (2010). Compact monopole antenna with band-notched characteristic for UWB applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 9, 397-400.

[7]. Peyrot-Solis, M. A., Galvan-Tejada, G. M., & Jardon- Aguilar, H. (2005, September). State of the art in ultran d wideband antennas. In 2005 2^nd International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (pp. 101-105). IEEE.

[8]. Ping, L. C., Chakrabarty, C. K., & Khan, R. A. (2010). Enhanced bandwidth of impulse-ultra wideband (I-UWB) slotted rectangular patch antenna with partial ground plane. International Journal of Electronics, Computer and Communications Technologies, 1(1), 21-25.

[9]. Rahim, M. K. A., Karim, M. N. A., Masri, T., & Asrokin, A. (2007, September). Comparison between straight and U shape of ultra wide band microstrip antenna using log periodic technique. In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband (pp. 696-699). IEEE.

[10]. Schantz, H. G. (2004). A brief history of UWB antennas. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, 19(4), 22-26.

[11]. Sobli, N. H. M., & Abd-El-Raouf, H. E. (2008). Design of a compact band-notched antenna for ultrawideband communication. In 2008 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (pp. 1-4). IEEE.

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Review Paper

Comprehensive Study on Next Generation- Passive Optical Networks (NG-PON2) using Time Wavelength Division Multiplexing (TWDM): A Literature Review

Martina M.* , G. Karpagarajesh**

*Department of communication systems, Government College Of Engineering, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.

**Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Government College of Engineering, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.

Martina, M., & Karpagarajesh, G.(2019). Comprehensive study on Next Generation- Passive Optical Networks (NG-PON2) using Time Wavelength Division Multiplexing (TWDM). i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 8(1), 36-41 https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.8.1.16346

Abstract

Optical fiber is one of the effective modes of transmission to access the network. They are widely used in telecommunications since they allow sending large amount of data at a greater distance and have larger bandwidth than other forms of communication. The main objective of an optical access network is to provide access to the user even in long-haul distance. A fiber link from the central office provides services to multiple users using transmitters over a single fiber link. This paper reviewed the technical options and comprehensive study on the next generation of optical access solutions. To upgrade the optical access networks, it should satisfy the bandwidth demand co-existing with previous technology requirements. There are lot of technologies used to access the NG-PON, but Full Service Access Network (FSAN) selects the TWDM as the primary solution for second generation Passive Optical Network (NG-PON2). This TWDM is the combination of both Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) and Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM). TWDM is largely deployed in NG-PON2 access networks because of its high data rates. In addition, this paper previews the various models in TWDM networks.

References

[1]. Bakarman, H. A., Shaari, S., & Ismail, M. (2010, July). Simulation of 1.25 Gb/s downstream transmission performance of GPON-FTTx. In International Conference on Photonics 2010 (pp. 1-5). IEEE.

[2]. Bindhaiq, S., Supa, A. S. M., Zulkifli, N., Mohammad, A. B., Shaddad, R. Q., Elmagzoub, M. A., & Faisal, A. (2014). Recent development on time and wavelength-division multiplexed passive optical network (TWDM-PON) for next-generation passive optical network stage 2 (NG-PON2). Optical Switching and Networking, 15, 53-66. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2014.06.007

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i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems (JCS)

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Volume 8 Issue 1 November - January 2019

Recent Advancement on Photonic Feeding of Antennas for Microwave Beam Steering

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*_**Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India. ***Skyline Institute of Technology, Greater,Noida, India.

Nadeem, Md. D., Raghuwanshi, S. K., & Yadav, R. K. (2019). Recent Advancement on Photonic Feeding of Antennas for Microwave Beam Steering. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 8(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.8.1.15888

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CH. JalajakshI* , B. K. Ramayya**, M. Rajan Babu***, A. Jyothsna****

*_****Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lendi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Andhra pradesh, India.

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Admittance Characteristics of C-Bandwave Guide Junction

P. Ujjvala Kanthi Prabha* , Bandi Divyank**

*MVGR College of Engineering Vizianagaram, India. ** Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

Prabha, P. U. K., & Divyank, B. (2019). Admittance Characteristics of C-Band Wave Guide Junction. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 8(1), 25-30. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.8.1.16431

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Design of Compact Broadband Microstrip Antenna for UWB Applications

J. Swathi* , B. Rama Rao**

*_**Aditya Institute of Technology and Management Tekkali, Andhra Pradesh, India.

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Comprehensive Study on Next Generation- Passive Optical Networks (NG-PON2) using Time Wavelength Division Multiplexing (TWDM): A Literature Review

Martina M.* , G. Karpagarajesh**

*Department of communication systems, Government College Of Engineering, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India. **Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Government College of Engineering, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.

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Md Danish Nadeem* , Sanjeev Kumar Raghuwanshi, R.K.Yadav*

_Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India.

Skyline Institute of Technology, Greater,Noida, India.

Arul Jenshiya P. R.* , Madhan Kumar K., Riyaz Fathima H.*

CH. JalajakshI* , B. K. Ramayya, M. Rajan Babu*, A. Jyothsna****

*MVGR College of Engineering Vizianagaram, India.

** Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

*Department of communication systems, Government College Of Engineering, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.

**Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Government College of Engineering, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.