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i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering (JSTE)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 4

Most Cited

Volume 1 Issue 1 March - May 2012

Research Paper

Optimum Stacking Sequence Design of a Blended Laminated Wing Structure using Permutation Genetic Algorithms

D. Liu* , V.V. Toropov, D.C. Barton*, M. Zhou****

- School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, UK.

School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, UK.

**** Altair Engineering Inc., McCabe Way, Suite 100, Irvine, CA, USA.

Liu, D., Toropov, V.V., Barton, D.C., and Zhou, M. (2012). Optimum Stacking Sequence Design of a Blended Laminated Wing Structure using Permutation Genetic Algorithms. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 1(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.1.1.1700

Abstract

The smeared stiffness-based method is examined for finding the best stacking sequence of laminated composite wing structures in a bi-level optimization process with blending and manufacturing constraints. At the global level optimization, the numbers of plies of the pre-defined angles (0, 90, 45 and -45 degrees) are design variables, buckling, strain and ply angle percentages are constraints and the weight is the objective function. Since the permutation Genetic Algorithm (permGA) operator changes the stacking sequence without changing the composition of the laminate in the composite laminate optimization problem, a permGA is an ideal tool to shuffle the plies to minimize the difference between the values of computed lamination parameters for a current stack and the ones coming from the top level, for which the lamination parameters are zeros due to homogeneity throughout the thickness of the laminate assumed in the top level optimization. This is embedded into an easy and efficient blending procedure applied at this level to achieve the global ply continuity. This multi-stage local optimization by permGAs is demonstrated by the optimization of the root part of a generic aircraft wing structure.

References

[1]. Altair OptiStruct Version 9.0. (2008). Altair Engineering Inc.

[2]. Gantovnik, V. B., Gürdal, Z., & Watson, L. T. (2000). A genetic algorithm with memory for optimal design of laminate sandwich composite panels. Composite Structures, 58, 513-520.

[3]. Grosset, L., LeRiche, R., & Haftka, R. T. (2006). A double-distribution statistical algorithm for composite laminate optimization. Struct Multidisc Optim, 31, 49-59.

[4]. Gürdal, Z., Haftka, R. T., & Hajela, P. (1999). Design and optimization of laminated composite materials. John Wiley & Sons.

[5]. Ijsselmuiden, S. T., Seresta, O., Abdalla, M. M., & Gürdal, Z. (2007). Multi-step stacking sequence design and blending of composite structures. 7th World Congress on Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, Seoul, Korea.

[6]. Ijsselmuiden, S. T., Abdalla, M. M., Seresta, O., & Gürdal, Z. (2009). Multi-step blended stacking sequence design of panel assemblies with buckling constraints. Composite: Part B, 40, 329-336.

[7]. Jones, R. M. (1999). Mechanics of composite materials, Second Edition, Taylor and Francis.

[8]. Keller, D. (2011). Global laminate optimization on geometrically partitioned shell structures. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 43, 353-368.

[9]. Kristinsdottir, B. P., Zabinsky, Z. B., Tuttle, M. E., & Neogi, S. (2001). Optimal design of large composite panels with varying loads. Composite Structures, 51, 93-102.

[10]. Liu, B., Haftka, R. T., Akgun, M. A., & Todoroki, A. (2000a). Permutation genetic algorithm for stacking sequence design of composite laminates. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg, 186, 357 -372.

[11]. Liu, B., Haftka, R. T., & Akgun, M. A. (2000b). Two-level composite wing structural optimization using response surface. Struct Multidisc Optim, 20, 87-96.

[12]. Liu, B., & Haftka, R. T. (2001). Composite wing structural design optimization with continuity constraint. Proceedings of 42th AIAA SDM Conference, AIAA-2001-1205, Seattle, WA.

[13]. Liu, D., Toropov, V. V., Querin, O. M., & Barton, D. C. (2009a). Bi-level optimization of blended composite panels. 50th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Material Conference and 5th AIAA Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Specialist Conference, Palm Springs, CA, USA.

[14]. Liu, D., Toropov, V. V., Querin, O. M., & Barton, D. C. (2009b). Stacking sequence optimization of composite panels for blending characteristics using lamination parameters. 8th World Congress on Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, Lisbon, Portugal.

[15]. Liu, D., Toropov, V. V., Zhou, M., Barton, D. C., & Querin, O. M. (2010). Optimization of blended composite wing panels using smeared stiffness technique and lamination parameters. 51st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Material Conference and 6th AIAA Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Specialist Conference, Orlando, Florida, USA.

[16]. Liu, D., Toropov, V. V., Querin, O. M., & Barton, D. C. (2011). Bilevel optimization of blended composite wing panels, Journal of Aircraft, 48, 107-118.

[17]. Liu, W., & Butler, R. (2007). Optimum buckling design of composite wing cover panels with manufacturing constraints. 48th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics & Materials conference, AIAA -2215,Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.

[18]. Liu, W., & Krog, L. (2008). A method for composite ply layout design and stacking sequence optimisation. Proceedings of 7th ASMO UK/ISSMO Conference, Bath, UK.

[19]. Nemeth, M. P. (1986). Importance of anisotropy on buckling of compression-loaded symmetric composite plates. AIAA Journal, 24, 1831-1835.

[20]. Niu, M. C. Y. (1992). Composite airframe structures: Practical design information and data. Conmilit Press Ltd., Hong Kong.

[21]. Schmit, L. A., & Farshi, B. (1973). Optimum laminate design for strength and stiffness. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 7, 519-536.

[22]. Seresta, O., Gürdal, Z., Adams, D. B., & Watson, L. T. (2007). Optimal design of composite wing structures with blended laminates. Composites Part B: Engineering, 38, 469-480.

[23]. Seresta, O., Abdalla, M. M., & Gürdal, Z. (2009). A genetic algorithm based blending scheme for design of multiple composite laminates. 50th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/ AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Material Conference and 5th AIAA Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Specialist Conference, Palm Springs, CA, USA.

[24]. Soremekun, G. A., Gürdal, Z., Kassapoglou, C., & Toni, D. (2002). Stacking sequence blending of multiple composite laminates using genetic algorithm. Composite Structures, 56, 53-62.

[25]. Stroud, W. J., & Agranoff, N. (1976). Minimum mass design of filamentary composite panels under combined loads: Design procedure based on simplified equations. NASA TND-8257.

[26]. Toropov, V. V., Jones, R., Willment, T., & Funnell, M. (2005). Weight and manufacturability optimization of composite aircraft components based on a genetic algorithm. Proceedings of 6th World Congress of SMO, Brazil.

[27]. Tsai, S. W., Halpin, J. C., & Pagano, N. J. (1968). Composite materials workshop. Technomic publishing Co., Westport, Connecticut. 233-253.

[28]. Van Campen, J.M.J.F., Seresta, O., Abdalla, M. M., & Gürdal, Z. (2008). General blending definitions for stacking sequence design of composite laminate structures. 49th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Material Conference and 4th AIAA Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Specialist Conference, Schaumburg, IL, USA.

[29]. Zein, S., Colson, B., & Gribon, S. (2011). A primal-dual backtracking optimization method for blended composite structures. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization. DOI 10.1007/s00158-011-0716-x.

[30]. Zhou, M., & Fleury, R. (2007). Optimization of composite structures-understanding and meeting the challenges. Altair Composite Seminar, Royal Lemington Spa, UK.

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Research Paper

Removal of Chromium using Natural Adsorbent

Sagar M. Shinde* , Shridhar S. Kumbhar**

* Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, R.I.T. Rajaramnagar.

** Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, R.I.T. Rajaramnagar.

Shinde, S.M., and Kumbar, S.S. (2012). Removal of Chromium using Natural Adsorbent. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 1(1), 12-25. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.1.1.1701

Abstract

In this present study, adsorption of Cr (VI) ions on tamarind tree bark adsorbent has been studied through using batch adsorption techniques. The main objectives of this study are to 1) investigate the chromium adsorption from aqueous solution by tamarind tree bark, 2) study the influence of pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, particle size and initial chromium concentration on adsorption process and 3) determine appropriate adsorption isotherm and kinetics parameters of Cr (VI) adsorption on tamarind tree bark. The various parameter’s were determined with the help of synthetic chromium sample and by using electroplating industrial wastewater sample, the parameters adsorbent dose, contact time and particle size were determined. The results show that higher Cr (VI) adsorption was observed at lower pH, and maximum Cr (VI) removal 97% obtained at pH value 1.0 with 30 minutes contact time, adsorbent dose 3.75g/l of particle size 150µ and 5mg/l initial Cr (VI) concentration. The adsorption of Cr (VI) by tamarind tree bark powder decreased at the higher initial chromium concentration. The adsorption of Cr (VI) by tamarind tree bark powder increased with increase in adsorbent dose and decrease in size of adsorbent. The obtained results showed that the adsorption of Cr (VI) by tamarind tree bark follows Freundlich isotherm. The results indicate that tamarind tree bark can be employed as a low cost alternative to commercial adsorbents in the removal of Cr (VI) from wastewater.

References

[1]. Ahalya, N., Kanamadi, R.D. and Ramachandra T.V., (2005). ‘Biosorption of Chromium (VI) from Aqueous Solutions by the Husk of Bengal Gram (Cicer Arientinum)’, Environmental Biotechnology, 8(3).

[2]. Ajmal Mohammad, (1998). ‘Adsorption Behavior of Cadmium, Zinc, Nickel and Lead from Aqueous Solutions by Mangifera Indica Seed Shell’, Indian Journal Environ Health, 40(1), 15-26.

[3]. Alvarado, L., Ramirez, A. et al, “Ion Exchange Applied to Hexavalent Chromium Removal.”

[4]. Ameri, A., Gholami, (2008). ‘Application and Optimization in Chromium – Contaminated Wastewater Treatment of the Reverse Osmosis Technology’, Iranian Journal Public Health, 37 (3), 77-84.

[5]. APHA, (1985). Standard methods for the examination of Water and wastewater, Sixteenth Edition, APHA, AWWA, WPCF, Washington DC.

[6]. Ayub Sohail, (2001). ‘Efficiency Evaluation of Neem (Azadirachta Indica) Bark in Treatment of Industrial Wastewater’, Environmental Pollution Control Journal, 4(4), 34-38.

[7]. Ayub Sohail, (2003). ‘Chromium Removal by Adsorption on Coconut Shell’, Journal IAEM, 30, 30 -36.

[8]. Baisakh, P.C. and Patnaik S.N., ‘Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption on Coal Char’, Indian Journal Environ Health, 44 (3), 189-196, July 2002.

[9]. Barbooti Mahmood M., (2008). ‘Removal of Chromium from Electroplating Wastewater by Simple Chemical Treatment and Ion Exchange’, Eng. & Tech, 26(11).

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Research Paper

Behavior of 22m Two Tiered Geogrid Reinforced Soil Wall

Ankesh Shrivastava* , D. Kishan**

* Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Sati Vidisha.

** Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Manit Bhopal.

Shrivastava, A., and Kishan, D. (2012). Behavior of 22m Two Tiered Geogrid Reinforced Soil Wall. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 1(1), 26-33. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.1.1.1702

Abstract

Two types of 22m Two Tiered and 44m Four Tiered high geogrid reinforced soil walls with same kinds of concrete block wall facing were constructed in Vijayawada Andhra Pradesh in which 22m high vertical reinforced soil wall with concrete block wall facing has been started and using for the transportation purpose. From the beginning of the 22m reinforced wall construction stage, wall displacement or strain of the geogrid, earth pressure, settlement of the foundation ground, etc. were measured for a long period of time. The long term behavior of the geogrid reinforced soil walls was evaluated based on these measurements and observations. This paper present a case history illustrate the use of finite-element procedure as a design aid for the design and analysis of 22m two tiered soil wall by software PLAXIS 8.2. The finite-element analysis provides relevant information on the mechanical behavior that was otherwise difficult to obtain from the limit-equilibrium based current design approaches.

References

[1]. Koerner, R.M., and Ko, F.K., (1982). Laboratory Studies of Long Term Drainage Capability of Geotextiles, Proceedings, Part I. Second International Congress on Geotextiles, LasVegas, August.

[2]. Koerner, R.M. and Welsh, J.P., (1980b). Construction and Geotechnical Engineering Using. synthetic Fabrics.

[3]. Mr. P.T. Raju, construction of tiered reinforced soil retaining walls for widening of ghat road to sri durga malleswara swami varla devastanam, Vijayawada.

[4]. Yoo c., design of a geosynthetic reinforced segmental retaining wall in a tiered arrangement-use of numerical modelling as a design aid.

[5]. Thurst, R. J., Karpurapu, R. G. & Jarrett, P. M. (1992). Finite elementanalysis of a geogrid reinforced soil wall. In Grouting, Soil Improvement and Geosynthetics (eds Borden, R. H., Holtz, R. O.and Juran, I.), Vol. 2, pp. 1213–1224. ASCE Geotechnical Special publication No. 30.

[6]. Rowe, R. K., MacLean, M. D. and Soderman, K. L., (1984). Analysis of a geotextile reinforced embankment constructed on peat. Canadian Geotech.J. 21 (3) 563-76

[7]. Rowe, R. K., MacLean, M. D. and Barsvary, A. K., (1984). The observed behavior of a geotextile reinforced embankment constructed on peat. Canadian Geotechnical J., 21 (2) 289-304.Rowe, R. K., The analysis of an embankment constructed on a geotextile.Proc. Second Int. Conf. on Geotextiles, Las Vegas, 2 (1982) 677--82

[8]. Rmaine, J. T. & Ladd, C. C. (1988). Triaxial testing of saturated cohesive soils. In Advanced Triaxial Testing of Soil and Rock, ASTM Special Technical Publication No. 977, pp. 421–459.Philadelphia, PA: ASTM.

[9]. ALIBURTOTN., A. (1981). Use of engineering fabric in roadand embankment construction. Seminar on the Use of synthetic Fabrics in Civil Engineering, Toronto, pp. 66-94.

[10]. Public Works Research Institute, (1992). Design and Construction Manual for Reinforced Earth with Geotextile(in Japanese), pp. 404

[11]. Tsukada, Y., Ochiai, Y. Miyatake, H. and Tajiri, N. (1998). Field Performance Test of a Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil Wall with Rigid Facing, 6th International Conference on Geosynthetics, pp.577-580

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Research Paper

Finite Element Analysis of Composite Cylindrical Shells with and without Cutouts

B. Siva Konda Reddy* , CH. Srikanth, G. Sandeep Kumar*

* Department of Civil Engineering, JNTUH College of Engineering, Hyderabad, A.P, India.

Department of Civil Engineering, Smaskruthi College of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad, A.P, India.

* Strucural Division, L&T, New Delhi, India.

Reddy, B.S.K., Srikanth, C., and Kumar, G.S. (2012). Finite Element Analysis of Composite Cylindrical Shells with and without Cutouts. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 1(1), 34-38. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.1.1.1703

Abstract

Laminated composite thin cylindrical shells are most widely used structural forms in Aerospace and Missile applications. These structures may experience axial compression loads in their longevity and yield to buckling. Furthermore, these structures usually have disruptions, such as cutouts, which may have adverse effects on their stability and buckling loads of laminated cylinders can strongly depend on the stacking sequence & number of layers in a laminate. This paper investigates the effect of stacking, number of layers and size & positioning of cutouts on bucking load of a laminated cylindrical shell. ANSYS software is been used for analysis of cylindrical shells.

References

[1]. Jain, P.C. and Jain, M., (2005). “Text Book of Engineering chemistry”, Dhanpat rai publications, New Delhi, p.1005 – 1018.

[2]. Mukhopadhyay, M. (2004). “Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures”, University press India Pvt. Ltd. Publications.

[3]. Kannan, K., Vela Murali, V and Rao B.N, (2010)“Modified Average Stress Criterion to Predict the Fracture Strength of Various Lay-Ups of Carbon/Epoxy Laminates”, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, February, Vol. (29),pp. 346-358.

[4]. Hilburger, M. W., (2007). “Buckling and failure of compression-loaded composite laminated shells with cutouts”, NASA/TM-2007-23681, April.

[5]. Geier, B., Meyer, H., Piening, R., and Zimmermann, R., (2002). “On the influence of laminate stacking on buckling of composite cylindrical shells subjected to axial compression”, Journal of composite structures, Vol.55, pp.467 – 474.

[6]. Abouhamze M and Shakeri M, (2006). “Multi objective stacking sequence optimization of cylindrical panels using Genetic algorithms and Neural networks”, Journal of composite structures, Vol. (81), pp. 253-263.

[7]. Moaveni, S (1998). “Finite Element Analysis-Theory and Applications with ANSYS”, Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.

[8]. Mahmoud Shariati, and Masoud Mahdizadeh Rokhi, “Numerical and experimental investigation on buckling of steel cylindrical shells with elliptical cutout subjected to axial compression”, Journal of Thin-Walled structures, Vol.46, pp.1251 – 1261, Feb.2008.

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Practice Paper

Seismic Analysis and the Influence of Zone Factor of a Multi Storey Hospital Building – a Case Study

K. Subramanian* , M. Velayutham**

* Professor & Head, Department of Civil Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore.

** PhD candidate, Anna University of Technology, Coimbatore.

Subramanian, K., and Velayutham, M. (2012). Seismic Analysis and the Influence of Zone Factor of a Multi Storey Hospital Building – a Case Study. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 1(1), 39-47. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.1.1.1704

Abstract

Earthquake on 26th January 2001 in Gujarat clearly demonstrated the earthquake vulnerability of India. Almost more than 60% of our land is vulnerable to earthquake of magnitude more than 7. This leads to the professionals to carry out the research on seismic forces that influence on the structures. This paper presents a detailed case study of an upcoming Ten Storey Hospital building analyzed in ETABS using Response Spectrum analysis of IS 1893 (Part1):2002. The proposed structural system for the hospital building consists of conventional beam, column and slab system with lift walls and walls around staircase acting as shear wall. Lateral Stability is provided by shear walls and columns. The upcoming building is proposed to construct in the Zone III region. Importance factor of 1.5 is considered for the structure considering its functionality. The case study discuss on the influence of various zone factors and the codal provisions, when the same building to be located in different regions. Ductile systems are taken in the study, where inelastic analysis procedures effectively account for several sources of force reduction. The earthquake ground acceleration in each direction is given as a digitized response-spectrum curve of pseudo- spectral acceleration response versus period of the structure. The peak response quantities such as member forces, displacements, storey forces, storey shears and base reactions shall be combined as per Complete Quadratic Combination method. The accidental eccentricity is given as direct input in all floor diaphragms. The dynamic analysis results such as modal participating mass ratios, response spectrum base reaction, storey shears, storey displacements and storey drifts are discussed in detail. Animated results of the displacement due to all modes along with their respective time period are displayed for more understanding of the structural behavior. First and Second modes are found to be in translation and third mode is of torsional mode, which is an acceptable solution to proceed with detailed design.

References

[1]. Shahabodin.Zaregarizi (2008). Comparative Investigation on using Shear Wall and Infill to improve Seismic Performance of existing buildings, 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, October 12-17, Beijing, China.

[2]. Thomas Paulay (1983). Deterministic Seismic Design Procedures for reinforced Concrete Buildings, Engineering Structures, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 79-86.

[3]. Hyun-Su Kima, Dong-Guen Leea and Chee Kyeong Kimb (2005). Efficient three-dimensional seismic analysis of a high-rise building structure with shear walls, Engineering Structures, Vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 963-976.

[4]. Shahram Taghavi and Eduardo Miranda (2008). Response Spectrum Method for Estimation of Peak Floor Acceleration Demand, 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, October 12-17, Beijing, China.

[5]. Moehle J.P and Mahin S.A (1991). Observations on the Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Building during Earthquakes, American Concrete Institute Publication SP-127.

[6]. IS 1893-Part 1 (2002). Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures (Fifth Revision), Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi -110 002.

i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering (JSTE)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 4

Most Read

Most Cited

Volume 1 Issue 1 March - May 2012

Optimum Stacking Sequence Design of a Blended Laminated Wing Structure using Permutation Genetic Algorithms

D. Liu* , V.V. Toropov**, D.C. Barton***, M. Zhou****

*-** School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, UK. *** School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, UK. **** Altair Engineering Inc., McCabe Way, Suite 100, Irvine, CA, USA.

Liu, D., Toropov, V.V., Barton, D.C., and Zhou, M. (2012). Optimum Stacking Sequence Design of a Blended Laminated Wing Structure using Permutation Genetic Algorithms. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 1(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.1.1.1700

Abstract

References

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Removal of Chromium using Natural Adsorbent

Sagar M. Shinde* , Shridhar S. Kumbhar**

* Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, R.I.T. Rajaramnagar. ** Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, R.I.T. Rajaramnagar.

Shinde, S.M., and Kumbar, S.S. (2012). Removal of Chromium using Natural Adsorbent. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 1(1), 12-25. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.1.1.1701

Abstract

References

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Pdf

Behavior of 22m Two Tiered Geogrid Reinforced Soil Wall

Ankesh Shrivastava* , D. Kishan**

* Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Sati Vidisha. ** Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Manit Bhopal.

Shrivastava, A., and Kishan, D. (2012). Behavior of 22m Two Tiered Geogrid Reinforced Soil Wall. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 1(1), 26-33. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.1.1.1702

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Finite Element Analysis of Composite Cylindrical Shells with and without Cutouts

B. Siva Konda Reddy* , CH. Srikanth**, G. Sandeep Kumar***

* Department of Civil Engineering, JNTUH College of Engineering, Hyderabad, A.P, India. ** Department of Civil Engineering, Smaskruthi College of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad, A.P, India. *** Strucural Division, L&T, New Delhi, India.

Reddy, B.S.K., Srikanth, C., and Kumar, G.S. (2012). Finite Element Analysis of Composite Cylindrical Shells with and without Cutouts. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 1(1), 34-38. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.1.1.1703

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Seismic Analysis and the Influence of Zone Factor of a Multi Storey Hospital Building – a Case Study

K. Subramanian* , M. Velayutham**

* Professor & Head, Department of Civil Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore. ** PhD candidate, Anna University of Technology, Coimbatore.

Subramanian, K., and Velayutham, M. (2012). Seismic Analysis and the Influence of Zone Factor of a Multi Storey Hospital Building – a Case Study. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 1(1), 39-47. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.1.1.1704

Abstract

References

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D. Liu* , V.V. Toropov, D.C. Barton*, M. Zhou****

- School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, UK.

School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, UK.

**** Altair Engineering Inc., McCabe Way, Suite 100, Irvine, CA, USA.

* Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, R.I.T. Rajaramnagar.

** Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, R.I.T. Rajaramnagar.

* Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Sati Vidisha.

** Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Manit Bhopal.

B. Siva Konda Reddy* , CH. Srikanth, G. Sandeep Kumar*

* Department of Civil Engineering, JNTUH College of Engineering, Hyderabad, A.P, India.

Department of Civil Engineering, Smaskruthi College of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad, A.P, India.

* Strucural Division, L&T, New Delhi, India.

* Professor & Head, Department of Civil Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore.

** PhD candidate, Anna University of Technology, Coimbatore.