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i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering (JSTE)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 4

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Volume 9 Issue 4 December - February 2021

Research Paper

A Step By Step Procedure to Perform Hygroscopic Analysis of Laminated Composite Plate using Six Node Linear Strain Triangular Elements using Fortran Coding

K. N. V. Chandrasekhar* , Ch. Madhusudhana Chary **

*-** Department of Civil Engineering, CVR College of Engineering, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Chandrasekhar, K. N. V., and Chary, C. M. (2021). A Step By Step Procedure to Perform Hygroscopic Analysis of Laminated Composite Plate using Six Node Linear Strain Triangular Elements using Fortran Coding. i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 9(4), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.9.4.17558

Abstract

The applications of composite materials in civil engineering cannot be under-emphasized due to their high strength to weight ratio. The laminates are exposed to moisture variations and are often the predominant reason for failure of composite structures. Moisture distributed throughout the volume of the structure may induce residual stresses and extensional strains. Cutouts are often made to lighten the structure for ventilation and accessibility for inspection to other parts of the structure. When the laminates with cutouts are subjected to changes in moisture content the deformations and stress concentrations are observed which may result in the laminate to detach from the structure. The present study is focused on the bending characteristics of plates and shells laminates having different lamina and different boundary conditions subjected to change in moisture content. The formulation is done using six node second order linear strain triangular elements. A standard SSSS plate problem is analysed and the results are validated.

References

[1]. Behera, R. K., Garg, K., Patro, S. S., & Sharma, N. (2018, July). Eigen-frequency analysis of spherical shell laminated composite plates with and without central cutouts using finite elements. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 390, No. 1). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/390/1/012043

[2]. Bhardwaj, H., Vimal, J., & Sharma, A. (2015). Study of free vibration analysis of laminated composite plates with triangular cutouts. Engineering Solid Mechanics, 3(1), 43-50.

[3]. Boukert, B., Benkhedda, A., Bedia, E. A., & Khodjet- Kesba, M. (2017). Hygrothermomechanical behavior of thick composite plates using high order theory. Procedia Structural Integrity, 5, 115-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. prostr.2017.07.076

[4]. Brethee, K. F. (2009). Free vibration analysis of a symmetric and anti-symmetric laminated composite plates with a cutout at the center. Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences, 2(2), 324-334.

[5]. Chaubey, A., Kumar, A., Fic, S., Barnat-Hunek, D., & Sadowska-Buraczewska, B. (2019). Hygrothermal analysis of laminated composite skew conoids. Materials, 12(2), 225-241. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12020225

[6]. Harik, I., & Peiris, A. (2017). 20 years of CFRP Kentucky's bridges. In Proceedings of Fourth Conference on Smart monitoring, Assessment and Rehabilitation of Structures.

[7]. Kar, V. R., Mahapatra, T. R., & Panda, S. K. (2015). Nonlinear flexural analysis of laminated composite flat panel under hygro-thermo-mechanical loading. Steel and Composite Structures, 19(4), 1011-1033. https://doi.org/ 10.12989/scs.2015.19.4.1011

[8]. Mahapatra, T. R., & Panda, S. K. (2016, February). Hygrothermal effects on the flexural strength of laminated composite cylindrical panels. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 115, No. 1). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/115/1/012040

[9]. Mahapatra, T. R., Panda, S. K., & Dash, S. (2016, September). Effect of hygrothermal environment on the nonlinear free vibration responses of laminated composite plates: A nonlinear Unite element micromechanical approach. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 149, No. 1). IOP Publishing. https://doi. org/10.1088/1757-899X/149/1/012151

[10]. Natarajan, S., Deogekar, P. S., Manickam, G., & Belouettar, S. (2014). Hygrothermal effects on the free vibration and buckling of laminated composites with cutouts. Composite Structures, 108, 848-855. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.10.009

[11]. Ram, K. S., & Sinha, P. K. (1991). Hygrothermal effects on the bending characteristics of laminated composite plates. Computers & Structures, 40(4), 1009-1015. https:// doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(91)90332-G

[12]. Shojaee, S., Valizadeh, N., Izadpanah, E., Bui, T., & Vu, T. V. (2012). Free vibration and buckling analysis of laminated composite plates using the NURBS-based isogeometric finite element method. Composite Structures, 94(5), 1677-1693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.20 12.01.012

[13]. Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB). (n.d.). Hygrothermal stresses in laminates [Powerpoint Presentation]. Retrieved from https://scmero.ulb.ac.be/ Teaching/Courses/MECA-H-406/H-406-6-Hygrothermal.pdf

[14]. Thai, C. H., Rabczuk, T., & Nguyen-Xuan, H. (2013). A rotation-free isogeometric analysis for composite sandwich thin plates. International Journal of Composite Materials, 3(6A), 10-18.

[15]. Zenkour, A. M., & Alghanmi, R. A. (2016). Bending of symmetric cross-ply multilayered plates in hygrothermal environments. Mathematical Models in Engineering, 2(2), 94-107. https://doi.org/10.21595/mme.2016.17405

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Research Paper

Flexural-Torsional Stability Design of Hotrolled Nonslender Unequal Leg Angles Subjected to Axial Compression

J. V. Sai Babu * , K. S. Vivek **

*-** Department of Civil Engineering, Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Babu, J. V. S., and Vivek, K. S. (2021). Flexural-Torsional Stability Design of Hotrolled Nonslender Unequal Leg Angles Subjected to Axial Compression. i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 9(4), 15-30. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.9.4.17678

Abstract

Unequal leg angles may be provided in transmission line towers or trusses and hence are subjected to axial compression either in direct or reversal stress states. In axial compression, steel Unequal leg angles are prone to flexural-torsional instability. European and American codes of practices include design provisions to check for flexural-torsional buckling of angle sections under axial compression but the Indian code of practice recommends flexural stability design only. In this simple study, initially a linear buckling analysis of non-slender unequal leg single angles specified is carried out to find the primary mode of buckling. It is observed that flexural-torsional buckling is the primary mode for all the sections considered in the study. Later, the design compressive strengths corresponding to flexural buckling (FB) are presented. Based on the available literature, a simple modification is suggested to determine the design compressive strengths corresponding to the governing flexural-torsional buckling (FTB) mode. It is observed that the design strength due to flexural-torsional buckling, Pd, FTB is always lesser than the design strength due to flexural buckling. The difference is more pronounced in case of sections of intermediate non-dimensional slenderness ratio and greater d/b ratio. Design curves for the considered cases are also provided. A simple equation is proposed in terms of plate slenderness ratio (d/t), (b+d)/t, leg width ratio (d/b) and non-dimensional flexural slenderness ratio (FB). From the study, it is concluded that there is a need for incorporation of a clause exclusively on flexural-torsional stability design of non-slender unequal leg angles subjected to axial compression in future.

References

[1]. Adluri, S. M. R., & Madugula, M. K. (1996a). Flexural buckling of steel angles: Experimental investigation. Journal of Structural Engineering, 122(3), 309-317. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1996)122:3(309)

[2]. Adluri, S. M. R., & Madugula, M. K. (1996b). Development of column curve for steel angles. Journal of Structural Engineering, 122(3), 318-325. https://doi.org/10. 1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1996)122:3(318)

[3]. Adluri, S. M. R., & Madugula, M. K. (1996c). Torsional–flexural buckling strength of steel angles. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 23(1), 260-271. https://doi.org/10.1139/l96-027

[4]. Allen, H. G., & Bulson, P. S. (1980). Background to Buckling. New York: McGraw Hill.

[5]. Al-Sayed, S. H., & Bjorhovde, R. (1989a). Experimental study of single angle columns. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 12(2), 83-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/01 43-974X(89)90026-6

[6]. Al-Sayed, S. H., & Bjorhovde, R. (1989b). Inelastic behavior of single angle columns. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 12(2), 103-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/01 43-974X(89)90027-8

[7]. American National Standard Institute. (2016). Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (ANSI/AISC 360- 16). American National Standard Institute, Chicago, Illinois.

[8]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (1989). Dimensions for hot rolled steel beam, column, channel and angle sections (IS 808:1989). Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.

[9]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (2007). General construction in steel – Code of practice (IS 800:2007). Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.

[10]. Chajes. A. (1974). Principles of Structural Stability Theory. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

[11]. Chen, S., & Wang, X. (2013). Buckling strength of single angle struts Part 1: Angles subject to axial compression. Advances in Structural Engineering, 16(6), 1129-1137.

[12]. European Standards. (2005). Design of Steel Structures (EN 1993-1-1:2005). European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.

[13]. Galambos, T. V. (1968). Structural members and frames. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

[14]. Galambos, T. V. (1998). Guide to stability design criteria for metal structures. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

[15]. Kennedy, J. B., & Murty, M. K. (1972). Buckling of steel angle and tee struts. Journal of the Structural Division, 98(11), 2507-2522. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0003378

[16]. Kitipornchai, S. (1983). Torsional—Flexural buckling of angles: A parametric study. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 3(3), 27-31.

[17]. Kitipornchai, S., & Lee, H. W. (1986a). Inelastic buckling of single-angle, tee and double-angle struts. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 6(1), 3-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-974X(86)90018-0

[18]. Kitipornchai, S., & Lee, H. W. (1986b). Inelastic experiments on angle and tee struts. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 6(3), 219-236. https://doi. org/10.1016/0143-974X(86)90035-0

[19]. Timoshenko, S., & Gere, J. M. (1961). Theory of Elastic Stability. New York: McGraw Hill.

[20]. Traihar, N. S. (1977). The Behavior and Design of Steel Structure. London: Chapman and Hall.

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Research Paper

A Study on Hinged Column in RC Frame Made with SCC

Hemanth Kumar P. R.* , Vageesh H. P., H. Eramma *, Reena K.****

- Department of Civil Engineering, Rashtreeya Vidyalaya College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India.

-**** Department of Studies in Civil Engineering, UBDT College of Engineering, Davanagere, India.

Kumar, P. R. H., Vageesh, H. P., Eramma, H., and Reena, K. (2021). A Study on Hinged Column in RC Frame Made with SCC. i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 9(4), 31-39. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.9.4.17733

Abstract

The study investigated on strengthening of columns using composite wrapping technique with a combination of jute fiber and glass fiber. The use of glass fiber adds to the lightness and non-corrosive properties and the natural fiber jute adds on to its biodegradable nature. The study concentrated on the confinement of self-compacting concrete columns with composite wrapping technique. A study on both m-sand and slag sand were carried out to study the structural behaviour of columns. Analytical studies were carried out using ANSYS workbench software and modeling has been done using CATIA software. Four columns were modeled out of which two columns with m-sand and another two columns with slag sand both with wrap and unwrapped conditions were carried out. Analytical results were then compared with the experimental results obtained from previous studies. The results indicated that SCC columns with m-sand showed better load carrying characteristics than columns with slag sand. The wrapped columns exhibited less strain when compared to that of unwrapped columns both in SCC control mix and SCC replaced mix.

References

[1]. Ben Aicha, M., Burtschell, Y., Alaoui, A. H., El Harrouni, K., & Jalbaud, O. (2017). Correlation between bleeding and rheological characteristics of self-compacting concrete. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 29(6), 396-408.

[2]. Bureau of Indian Standard. (1963). Methods of test for aggregates for concrete - Specific gravity, density, voids and absorption (IS 2386 (Part 3)). New Delhi, India.

[3]. Bureau of Indian Standard. (1970). Specifications for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete (IS 383:1970). New Delhi, India.

[4]. Bureau of Indian Standard. (1988). Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement (IS 383:1970). New Delhi, India.

[5]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (2000). Plain and reinforced concrete-code of practice (IS 456:2000). New Delhi, India.

[6]. Bureau of Indian Standard. (2013). Ordinary portland cement-53 grade specification (IS 12269:2013). New Delhi, India.

[7]. Geiker, M. R., Brandl, M., Thrane, L. N., Bager, D. H., & Wallevik, O. (2002). The effect of measuring procedure on the apparent rheological properties of self-compacting concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 32(11), 1791- 1795. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00869-4

[8]. Girish, S., Indumathi, C., Vengala, J., & Ranganath, R. V. (2009). Rheological properties of self-compacting concrete using direct shear box. The Indian Concrete Journal, 83(8), 47-53.

[9]. Hassan, A., Khairallah, F., Mamdouh, H., & Kamal, M. (2019). Structural behaviour of self-compacting concrete columns reinforced by steel and glass fibre-reinforced polymer rebars under eccentric loads. Engineering Structures, 188, 717-728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstru ct.2019.03.067

[10]. Junaid, M. T., Elbana, A., Altoubat, S., & Al-Sadoon, Z. (2019). Experimental study on the effect of matrix on the flexural behavior of beams reinforced with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars. Composite Structures, 222, 110-930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.201 9.110930

[11]. Kissman, V., & Sundar, L. (2020). An experimental study on strengthening of RC column with GFRP. Materials Today: Proceedings, 21, 278-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr. 2019.05.430

[12]. Ramesh, C. P., Vageesh, H. P., Raghavendra, T., Udayashankar, B. C., & Shashishankar, A. (2019). High volume class C flyash containing self compacting concrete for sustainable development. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), 10, 1740-1752.

[13]. Ramesh, C. P., Vageesh, H. P., Raghavendra, T., Udayashankar, B. C., & Shashishankar, A. (2019). Selfcompacting concrete containing large volumes of class C fly ash and Processed slag sand for carbon footprint mitigation. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 12, 636-641.

[14]. Sen, T., & Paul, A. (2015). Confining concrete with sisal and jute FRP as alternatives for CFRP and GFRP. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 4(2), 248-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2015.04.001

[15]. Vavruš, M., & Koteš, P. (2019). Numerical comparison of concrete columns strengthened with layer of fiber concrete and reinforced concrete. Transportation Research Procedia, 40, 920-926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. trpro.2019.07.129

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Research Paper

Strengthening of Self Compacting Concrete Columns Partially Wrapped with Layers of Jute Fiber

Shashi Kumar * , Vageesh H. P. **

* Department of Structural Engineering, R. V. College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India.

** Department of Civil Engineering at R. V. College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India.

Kumar, S., and Vageesh, H. P. (2021). Strengthening of Self Compacting Concrete Columns Partially Wrapped with Layers of Jute Fiber. i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 9(4), 40-49. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.9.4.17821

Abstract

Self compacting concrete is also referred as super workable concrete as well as highly flowable concrete which are widely used as innovative material in the fast growing construction industry because of its hardened and fresh state properties. In recent days availability of river sand is less and also focus is more on sustainability development and hence there arose a situation for developing an alternative material by using the industrial waste. In this research work, complete replacement of natural sand by processed slag sand and the properties of SCC determined by using Nan-su method of mix design with incorporating EFNARC guidelines. At present days, the favorite material for the column strengthening is fiber reinforced polymer (FRP). The construction industry requires the sustainable development along with increase in strength. Therefore, column is wrapped by using natural jute fiber by varying number of wrapping layers and the structural behaviour of columns are assessed. A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model has been developed to simulate the behaviour of rectangular SCC columns wrapped with jute fiber. The developed FE model is validated by comparing the loaddisplacement responses which verifies the model to use in future. The FEA results are obtained in terms of axial load vs. axial displacement, axial load-axial strain. The numerical analysis developed by ANSYS displayed a very close simulation and deflection is compared with test results at the same load.

References

[1]. Al-Rousan, R. (2020). Behavior of circular reinforced concrete columns confined with CFRP composites. Procedia Manufacturing, 44, 623-630. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.promfg.2020.02.247

[2]. Belouar, A., Laraba, A., Benzaid, R., & Chikh, N. (2013). Structural performance of square concrete columns wrapped with CFRP sheets. Procedia Engineering, 54, 232-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.03.021

[3]. Bureau of Indian Standard. (1963). Methods of test for aggregates for concrete (IS 2386-3:1963). New Delhi, India.

[4]. Bureau of Indian Standard. (1970). Specifications for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete (IS 383:1970). New Delhi, India.

[5]. Bureau of Indian Standard. (1987). Handbook on concrete reinforcement and detailing (SP 34:1987). New Delhi, India.

[6]. Bureau of Indian Standard. (1988). Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement (IS 4031-4:1988). New Delhi, India.

[7]. Bureau of Indian Standard. (2000). Plain and reinforced concrete - Code of practice (IS 456:2000). New Delhi, India.

[8]. Bureau of Indian Standard. (2013). Ordinary Portland cement, 53 Grade – Specification (IS 12269:2013). New Delhi, India.

[9]. Giamundo, V., Lignola, G. P., Fabbrocino, F., Prota, A., & Manfredi, G. (2017). Influence of FRP wrapping on reinforcement performances at lap splice regions in RC columns. Composites Part B: Engineering, 116, 313-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.10.069

[10]. Holčapek, O., Vogel, F., & Reiterman, P. (2017). Using of textile reinforced concrete wrapping for strengthening of masonry columns with modified cross-section shape. Procedia Engineering, 195, 62-66. https://doi.org/10.101 6/j.proeng.2017.04.524

[11]. Prasad, V., Joy, A., Venkatachalam, G., Narayanan, S., & Rajakumar, S. (2014). Finite element analysis of jute and banana fibre reinforced hybrid polymer matrix composite and optimization of design parameters using ANOVA technique. Procedia Engineering, 97, 1116-1125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.390

[12]. Sethy, K. P., Pasla, D., & Sahoo, U. C. (2016). Utilization of high volume of industrial slag in self compacting concrete. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 581-587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.08.039

[13]. Singh, G., & Siddique, R. (2016). Strength properties and micro-structural analysis of self-compacting concrete made with iron slag as partial replacement of fine aggregates. Construction and Building Materials, 127, 144- 152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.09.154

[14]. Sivasankar, S., Nagaraj, C., & Modak, N. (2020). Analysis of carbon fibre reinforced polymer wrapped square steel tubular sections under compression. Materials Today: Proceedings, 27, 1613-1617. https://doi.org/10.10 16/j.matpr.2020.03.318

[15]. Soman, M., & Mohan, J. (2018). Rehabilitation of RC columns using ferrocement jacketing. Construction and Building Materials, 181, 156-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. conbuildmat.2018.05.206

[16]. Vageesh, H. P., Ramesh, C. P., Raghavendra, T., Udayashankar, B. C., & Shashishankar, A. (2018, November). Engineering properties of self-compacting concrete containing class C fly ash and processed slag sand. In International Congress and Exhibition" Sustainable Civil Infrastructures: Innovative https://doi.org/10.1007/97 8-3-030-01932-7_18

[17]. Yu, T., Fang, X. L., & Teng, J. G. (2014). FRP-confined self-compacting concrete under axial compression. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 26(11), 158-169. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000993

[18]. Zakaria, M., Ahmed, M., Hoque, M. M., & Islam, S. (2017). Scope of using jute fiber for the reinforcement of concrete material. Textiles and Clothing Sustainability, 2(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40689-016-0022-5

[19]. Zeng, J. J., Guo, Y. C., Gao, W. Y., Chen, W. P., & Li, L. J. (2018). Stress-strain behavior of concrete in circular concrete columns partially wrapped with FRP strips. Composite Structures, 200, 810-828. https://doi.org/10.10 16/j.compstruct.2018.05.001 RESEARCH PAPERS 48

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Research Paper

Experimental Investigation on Bending Properties of Composite Short Fibres as a Concrete Disperse Reinforcement

Y. Rama Krishna*

Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia.

Krishna, Y. R. (2021). Experimental Investigation on Bending Properties of Composite Short Fibres as a Concrete Disperse Reinforcement. i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 9(4), 50-58. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.9.4.17859

Abstract

This research's objective is to investigate the suitability of minibar fiber grid as reinforcement in concrete composite and its ductile and fracture behaviour. The focus of this research is to investigate the effect in flexural behaviour of replacement of the normal steel reinforcement with high tensile strength of minibar fiber. Minibars mixed in concrete lead to a network of randomly placed fibres throughout the concrete. As the load is applied to the concrete, the minibars act as crack control and distribute the load throughout the concrete increasing the average residual strength of the concrete. In this experiment we will replace some portion of cement with minibars and find the load bearing capacity of the minibar reinforced concrete blocks.

References

[1]. ASTM International. (2010). Standard Test Method for Obtaining Average Residual-Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (Standard C1399). ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.

[2]. Balouch, S. (2009). Strengthening of reinforced concrete beam-column joint with steel fibre during earthquake loading – Experimental Study [Thesis], University of Leeds, UK.

[3]. British Standards. (2000). Concrete. Specification, performance, production and conformity (BS EN 206- 1:2000).

[4]. Hamad, B. S., & Abou Haidar, E. Y. (2011). Effect of steel fibers on bond strength of hooked bars in high-strength concrete. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 23(5), 673-681. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.00 00230

[5]. Harajli, M. H. (2009). Bond stress–slip model for steel bars in unconfined or steel, FRC, or FRP confined concrete under cyclic loading. Journal of Structural Engineering, 135(5), 509-518. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445 (2009)135:5(509)

[6]. Harajli, M. H. (2010). Bond behavior in steel fiberreinforced concrete zones under static and cyclic loading: Experimental evaluations and analytical modeling. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 22(7), 674-686. https://doi. org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000067

[7]. Patnaik, A., Banibayat, P., Adhikari, S., & Robinson, P. (2012). Mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced polymer bars manufactured using a wet lay up method. International Review of Civil Engineering, 3(4), 412-417.

[8]. Patnaik, A., Miller, L., Adhikari, S., & Standal, P. C. (2013). Basalt FRP minibar reinforced concrete. Fibre Concrete 2013 (pp. 51-52). https://concrete.fsv.cvut.cz/fcproceedings/pdf/ 2013/023_oral_20_Short_PATNAIK_Anil.pdf

[9]. Tagawa, T., & Miyata, T. (1997). Size effect on tensile strength of carbon fibers. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 238(2), 336-342. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0 921-5093(97)00454-1

i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering (JSTE)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 4

Most Read

Most Cited

Volume 9 Issue 4 December - February 2021

A Step By Step Procedure to Perform Hygroscopic Analysis of Laminated Composite Plate using Six Node Linear Strain Triangular Elements using Fortran Coding

K. N. V. Chandrasekhar* , Ch. Madhusudhana Chary **

*-** Department of Civil Engineering, CVR College of Engineering, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Abstract

References

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Flexural-Torsional Stability Design of Hotrolled Nonslender Unequal Leg Angles Subjected to Axial Compression

J. V. Sai Babu * , K. S. Vivek **

*-** Department of Civil Engineering, Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Babu, J. V. S., and Vivek, K. S. (2021). Flexural-Torsional Stability Design of Hotrolled Nonslender Unequal Leg Angles Subjected to Axial Compression. i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 9(4), 15-30. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.9.4.17678

Abstract

References

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A Study on Hinged Column in RC Frame Made with SCC

Hemanth Kumar P. R.* , Vageesh H. P.**, H. Eramma ***, Reena K.****

*-** Department of Civil Engineering, Rashtreeya Vidyalaya College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India. ***-**** Department of Studies in Civil Engineering, UBDT College of Engineering, Davanagere, India.

Kumar, P. R. H., Vageesh, H. P., Eramma, H., and Reena, K. (2021). A Study on Hinged Column in RC Frame Made with SCC. i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 9(4), 31-39. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.9.4.17733

Abstract

References

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Strengthening of Self Compacting Concrete Columns Partially Wrapped with Layers of Jute Fiber

Shashi Kumar * , Vageesh H. P. **

* Department of Structural Engineering, R. V. College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India. ** Department of Civil Engineering at R. V. College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India.

Kumar, S., and Vageesh, H. P. (2021). Strengthening of Self Compacting Concrete Columns Partially Wrapped with Layers of Jute Fiber. i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 9(4), 40-49. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.9.4.17821

Abstract

References

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Experimental Investigation on Bending Properties of Composite Short Fibres as a Concrete Disperse Reinforcement

Y. Rama Krishna*

Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia.

Krishna, Y. R. (2021). Experimental Investigation on Bending Properties of Composite Short Fibres as a Concrete Disperse Reinforcement. i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 9(4), 50-58. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.9.4.17859

Abstract

References

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Hemanth Kumar P. R.* , Vageesh H. P., H. Eramma *, Reena K.****

- Department of Civil Engineering, Rashtreeya Vidyalaya College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India.

-**** Department of Studies in Civil Engineering, UBDT College of Engineering, Davanagere, India.

* Department of Structural Engineering, R. V. College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India.

** Department of Civil Engineering at R. V. College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India.