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An Experimental Investigation to Determine the Failure Load of Optimal Hammer Head Pier Cap and Interpolate Using Univariate Splines Machine Learning Algorithm
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Volume 9 Issue 4 September - November 2019

Research Paper

Evaluating on Flexural Strength of Concrete Pipe for Wastewater Applications

Mohammed-Amin Boumehraz* , Mekki Mellas, Kamel Goudjil*, Farida Boucetta****

- Laboratory of Research in Civil Engineering (LRCE), University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria.

Laboratory of Civil Engineering and Environment (LCEE), University of Jijel, Algeria.

**** Laboratory of Physics of Thin Films and Applications (LPTFA), University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria.

Boumehraz, M., Mellas, M., Goudjil, K., and Boucetta, F. (2019). Evaluating on Flexural Strength of Concrete Pipe for Wastewater Applications. i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(4), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.4.15542

Abstract

Chemical attack by aggressive acid sulphuric sulfate is one of the factors responsible for damaging cement pastes. Then sulphuric acid produced reacts with the surface of the concrete converting the cementitious material into ettringite expansive or gypsum. The objective of this research was done by investigating the sanitation networks as a function of type of pipes, concrete used, and waste concentration (as sulfates and hydrogen sulphide composition). In this research, the concrete specimens were immerged in real environment and these results were compared than result of specimen’s control. In 365 days age, immersion of SRC concrete specimens in wastewater is decreased than specimens control by 7% for tensile strength, which explains the formation of a protective skin the chlorides on the surface for these specimens. At the same age, it was obtained of rapid deterioration after 90 days, the exposure of SRC concrete specimens in H₂S gas, from 90 to 365 days was registered of reduction to 34% for tensile strength or the formation of expansive ettringite after 90 days of exposure.

References

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[21]. Zhang, M. H., Jiang, M. Q., & Chen, J. K. (2008). Variation of flexural strength of cement mortar attacked by sulfate ions. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 75(17), 4948-4957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech. 2008.06.023

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Research Paper

Effect of Varying High and Low-Speed Churners on the Dispersion of Carbon Fibers in Self-Compacting Concrete for Flow and Electro Mechanical Properties

Iftekar Gull* , M. A. Tantray**

*-** Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Gull, I., and Tantray, M. A. (2019). Effect of Varying High and Low-Speed Churners on the Dispersion of Carbon Fibers in Self-Compacting Concrete for Flow and Electro Mechanical Properties. i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(4), 9-20. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.4.15904

Abstract

In this study, the influence of two varying speed RPM mechanical churners on the de-agglomeration of short pitch-based carbon fibers for proper dispersion and distribution in Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) were investigated. The degree of dispersion was assessed by investigating the change in rheological and electrical properties of carbon fiber based self-compacting concrete. The tests were done on fresh state properties, compressive strength properties, and electrical properties of SCC incorporating carbon fiber. The fresh concrete properties of carbon fiber based concrete varied with varying techniques. A decrease in the electrical resistance properties was observed in both the methods employed with variations in the magnitude of the decrease as per the method engaged.

References

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[16]. Dalla, P. T., Dassios, K. G., Tragazikis, I. K., Exarchos, D. A., & Matikas, T. E. (2016). Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers as strain and damage sensors for smart cement. Materials Today Communications, 8(9), 196-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2016.07.004

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[22]. Huang, Y. Y., & Terentjev, E. M. (2012). Dispersion of carbon nanotubes: mixing, sonication, stabilization, and composite properties. Polymers, 4(1), 275-295. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym4010275

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Research Paper

Experimental Study on Performance of Portland Based Pervious Concrete using Chemical Supplementaries and Varying Curing Technique

Sanika Kandalekar* , Raju Narwade, Karthik Nagarajan*

*-*** Department of Civil Engineering, Pillai HOC College of Engineering and Technology, Rasayani, Maharashtra, India.

Kandalekar, S., Narwade, R., and Nagarajan, K. (2019). Experimental Study on Performance of Portland Based Pervious Concrete using Chemical Supplementaries and Varying Curing Technique. i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(4), 21-28. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.4.15572

Abstract

This research article aims towards alteration in performance of pervious matrix due to variation in hydration kinetics. The effects of Portland cement and their basic constituents, along with hybrid polycarboxylate polymers, CHRYSO Air PL were evaluated. Different ratios of chemical suplimentaries (0.57, 0.61, 1, and 1.30% by weight) along with fluctuating quantities of ingredients were adopted to examine the response of physical and mechanical behavior. The investigation involves different laboratory testing based on identification of material properties and products. The material (i.e., coarse aggregate) used in the experimentation was tested for water absorption, specific gravity, flakiness and elongation index, and aggregate impact value. Based on the response of materials, the mix design for pervious concrete was sculptured. The profound interpretations were analyzed with varying curing techniques, i.e., immersed curing and internal curing. The result implies that the set of trials identified with mix proportions were found to be slightly aided with internal curing technique in mechanical testing. The use of chemical admixture, i.e., hybrid polycarboxylate polymers were found to be responsible for improvement of bonding capability of concrete structure. The compactness between the coarse aggregates and mortar has improved compressive strength capability followed by flexural parameters.

References

[1]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (1997). Methods of Test for Aggregates for Concrete - Specific Gravity, Density, Voids, Absorption and Bulking (IS 2386 (Part III) (Reaffirmed 1997) – 1963), New Delhi, India.

[2]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (2002). Methods of Test for Aggregates for Concrete -Particle Size and Shape (IS 2386 (Part I) (Reaffirmed 2002) – 1963), New Delhi, India.

[3]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (2002). Methods of Test for Aggregates for Concrete - Mechanical Properties (IS 2386 (Part IV) (Reaffirmed 2002) – 1963), New Delhi, India.

[4]. Chindaprasirt, P., Hatanaka, S., Chareerat, T., Mishima, N., & Yuasa, Y. (2008). Cement paste characteristics and porous concrete properties. Construction and Building Materials, 22(5), 894-901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. conbuildmat.2006.12.007

[5]. Eathakoti, S., Gundu, N., & Ponnada, M. R. (2015). An innovative no-fines concrete pavement model. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering IOSR-JMCE, 12(5), 34-43.

[6]. Elango, K. S., & Revathi, V. (2017). Fal-G binder pervious concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 140, 91-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.086

[7]. Grubeša, I. N., Barišić, I., Keser, T., & Vračević, M. (2019). Wearing characteristics assessment of pervious concrete pavements. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 20(3), 727-739. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 14680629.2017.1421568

[8]. Huang, B., Wu, H., Shu, X., & Burdette, E. G. (2010). Laboratory evaluation of permeability and strength of polymer-modified pervious concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 24(5), 818-823. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.conbuildmat.2009.10.025

[9]. Kevern, J. T., & Farney, C. (2012). Reducing curing requirements for pervious concrete with a superabsorbent polymer for internal curing. Transportation Research Record, 2290(1), 115-121. https://doi.org/10.3141/2290- 15

[10]. Kevern, J. T., & Nowasell, Q. C. (2018). Internal curing of pervious concrete using lightweight aggregates. Construction and Building Materials, 161, 229-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.11.055

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[14]. Lian, C., & Zhuge, Y. (2010). Optimum mix design of enhanced permeable concrete–an experimental investigation. Construction and Building Materials, 24(12), 2664-2671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat. 2010.04.057

[15]. Maguesvari, M. U., & Narasimha, V. L. (2013). Studies on characterization of pervious concrete for pavement applications. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 104, 198-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.11. 112

[16]. Mahesh, B., & Lavanya, B. (2016). Experimental study of pervious concrete in pavements. International Journal of Innovative Research Science, Engineering and Technology, 5(7), 12913-12924. https://doi.org/10.15680/ IJIRSET.2016.0507152

[17]. Neithalath, N., Sumanasooriya, M. S., & Deo, O. (2010). Characterizing pore volume, sizes, and connectivity in pervious concretes for permeability prediction. Materials Characterization, 61(8), 802- 813.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2010.05.004

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[19]. Putman, B. J., & Neptune, A. I. (2011). Comparison of test specimen preparation techniques for pervious concrete pavements. Construction and Building Materials, 25(8), 3480-3485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat. 2011.03.039

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[21]. Vijaya, D., & Sravana, P. (2016). A study on the properties of pervious concrete for pavements. imanager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 6(3), 21. https://doi.org/ 10.26634/jce.6.3.8092

[22]. Yang, J., & Jiang, G. (2003). Experimental study on properties of pervious concrete pavement materials. Cement and Concrete Research, 33(3), 381-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00966-3

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Research Paper

Development of Car-Tailpipe Fuel Emission Models due to the Effects Road Gradient and Roughness

R. Srinivasa Kumar* , M. Akshith Reddy, N. Yashwanth, O. Pranaya , E. Anvesh Yadav

*-***** Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.

Kumar, R. S., Reddy, M. A., Yashwanth, N., Pranaya, O., and Yadav, E. A. (2019). Development of Car - Tailpipe Fuel Emission Models Due to the Effects Road Gradient and Roughness. i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(4), 29-37. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.4.14718

Abstract

The vehicle emission is an important effectiveness measurement of any sustainable transportation development. Geometric and surface characteristics of pavement play an important role in reduction in fuel-economy and greenhouse gas emission. Deterioration of pavement surface is considered as the basic problem, which increases in fuel consumption, which leads to increase in emissions. The aim of the present research work is to provide better understanding on the role of pavement characteristics in green transportation initiates. Evaluating the effects of these emissions based on the roughness characteristics and the effect of gradient is the objective of the research. The field data collection surveys were conducted on two stretches in and around OU campus, viz., (i) OUCT road and (ii) DD colony A-lane. Roughness measurement surveys were conducted on these selected stretches by using MERLIN. The vehicular emissions of Alto and Swift petrol cars were measured by using AVL Di-gas 444 analyzer. Comparisons were made for emissions on these different stretches against roughness and gradient of these two roads. The comparisons show considerable percentage increase in emissions on the stretches with higher roughness and gradient. As the objectives intended, the impact of pavement roughness on vehicular emission is related to roughness and gradient and the regression equations were developed to estimate four types of vehicular emissions. Based on the impact of gradient on vehicular emissions, the geometric design engineer can adopt the minimum level of gradient to be used while designing new roads.

References

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[6]. Keller, M., Evequoz, R., Heldstab, J., & Kessler, M. (1995). Luftschadstoff – Emissionen des Strassenverkehrs 1950 – 2010. Dokumentationsdienst, BUWAL.

[7]. Lidicker, J., Sathaye, N., Madanat, S., & Horvath, A. (2012). Pavement resurfacing policy for minimization of lifecycle costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 19(2), 129-137. https://doi.org/ 10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000114

[8]. Rakha, H., & Ding, Y. (2003). Impact of stops on vehicle fuel consumption and emissions. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 129(1), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE) 0733-947X(2003)129:1(23)

[9]. Rouphail, N. M., Frey, H. C., Colyar, J. D., & Unal, A. (2001, January). Vehicle emissions and traffic measures: Exploratory analysis of field observations at signalized arterials. In 80^th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC (pp.1-26).

[10]. Shukla, A., & Alam, M. (2010). Assessment of real world on-road vehicle emissions under dynamic urban traffic conditions in Delhi. International Journal of Urban Sciences, 14(2), 207-220. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 12265934.2010.9693677

[11]. Wyatt, D. W., Li, H., & Tate, J. E. (2014). The impact of road grade on carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission of a passenger vehicle in real-world driving. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 32, 160-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2014.07.015

[12]. Zhang, K., & Frey, H. C. (2006). Road grade estimation for on-road vehicle emissions modeling using light detection and ranging data. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 56(6), 777-788. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/10473289.2006.10464500

[13]. Zhang, W., Lu, J., Xu, P., & Zhang, Y. (2015). Moving towards sustainability: Road grades and on-road emissions of heavy-duty vehicles - A case study. Sustainability, 7(9), 12644-12671. https://doi.org/10.3390/su70912644

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Case Study

Delineation of Groundwater Recharge Potential Zones of Varaha Watershed, Villupuram District, Tamilnadu, India

N. Nagarajan* , S. Sivaprakasam, K. Karthikeyan*

*-*** Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India.

Nagarajan, N., Sivaprakasam, S., and Karthikeyan, K. (2019). Delineation of Groundwater Recharge Potential Zones of Varaha Watershed, Villupuram District, Tamilnadu, India. i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(4), 38-49. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.4.15735

Abstract

Water is an essential source to people and the largest available source of freshwater lies underground. Groundwater is an important source of water supply throughout the world. With the increasing demand of groundwater for various activities, the groundwater potential quickly declines. In order to prevent the aquifers from drastic depletion, the groundwater recharge is very essential. This study attempts to identify the favorable areas for groundwater recharge zones and to suggest the suitable recharge structures to augment the aquifer system of the study area using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS). The various thematic maps, such as Geomorphology, Geology and lineaments, Soil, Slope, Land use/Land cover, Drainage, Runoff, Depth to weathered zone, Groundwater level fluctuation, and Water quality are taken for the analysis. The favorable areas for groundwater recharge have to be categorized as highly favorable, moderately favorable, less favorable, and poor.

References

[1]. Agilasankar, V. (1990). Identification of Locations for Water Harvesting Structure in Drought Prone Area using Remote Sensing Technique (M.Tech. Thesis, Anna University, Tamil Nadu, India).

[2]. Bobba, A. G., Bukata, R. P., & Jerome, J. H. (1992). Digitally processed satellite data as a tool in detecting potential groundwater flow systems. Journal of Hydrology, 131(1-4), 25-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(92) 90212-E

[3]. Burrough, P. A., McDonnell, R., McDonnell, R. A., & Lloyd, C. D. (2015). Principles of Geographical Information Systems. Oxford University.

[4]. Choudhury, P. R. (1999). Integrated Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques for Groundwater Studies in Part of Betwa Basin (Doctorial Thesis (unpublished), Department of Earth Sciences, University of Roorkee, India).

[5]. Dileep, A., Jacob, J., Martin, R. M., Jose, T., & George, G. K. (2019). Identification of groundwater potential zones at AMPRS, odakkali using remote sensing and GIS. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 6(4), 3295-3303.

[6]. Gheorghe, A. (1978). Processing and Synthesis of Hydro Geological Data. Abacus Press (pp. 372-375).

[7]. Grindley, J. (1970). Estimation and mapping of evaporation. IAHS Publication, 1, 200-213.

[8]. Jegankumar, R., Indira, V., Libiha, R. S., & Rahaman, S, A. (2018). Delineation of groundwater potential zones in jalluttu watershed using remote sensing and GIS, Research Review International Journal of Multidisciplinary, 3(7), 162- 168.

[9]. Krishnamurthy, J., & Srinivas, G. (1995). Role of geological and geomorphological factors in groundwater exploration: A study using IRS LISS data. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 16(14), 2595-2618. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169508954579

[10]. Nagarajan, N. (2013). Watershed Management – A Multidimensional Approach (Doctorial Thesis (Published), Department of Civil Engineering, Annamalai University, India).

[11]. Penman, H. L. (1950). The dependence of transpiration on weather and soil conditions. Journal of Soil Science, 1(1), 74-89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389. 1950.tb00720.x

[12]. Rajagopalan, S. P. (1998). Detailed Guidelines Foe Implementing the Groundwater Estimation Methodology-1997. Central Groundwater Board, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India.

[13]. Rao, N. S., Chakradhar, G. K. J., & Srinivas, V. (2001). Identification of groundwater potential zones using remote sensing techniques in and around Guntur town, Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 29(1-2), 69. https://doi.org/10.1007/ BF02989916

[14]. Rao, Y. S., & Jugran, D. K. (2003). Delineation of groundwater potential zones and zones of groundwater quality suitable for domestic purposes using remote sensing and GIS. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 48(5), 821-833. https://doi.org/10.1623/ hysj.48.5.821.51452

[15]. Savita, R.S., Mittal, H. K., Satishkumar, U., Singh, P. K., Yadav, K. K., Jain, H. K., Mathur, S. M., & Davande, S. (2018). Delineation of groundwater potential zones using remote sensing and GIS Techniques in Kanakanala reservoir sub-watershed, Karnataka, India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(1), 273-288. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018. 701.030

[16]. Thornthwaite, C. W., & Mather, J. R. (1957). instructions and tables for computing potential evapotranspiration and the water balance. Drexel Institute of Technology, Laboratory of Climatology, Publications in Climatology, 10(3), 185-311.

[17]. Tyagi, J. V., & Seethapathi, P. V. (1997). Seasonal ground water balance of puri district, Orissa. Journal of Applied Hydrology, 10(1&2), 8-16.

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Lessons from Studies on Building Failures during Construction in India

K. N. Narasimha Prasad*

*National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Goa, India.

Prasad, K. N. N. (2019). Lessons from Studies on Building Failures during Construction in India. i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(4), 50-57. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.4.16488

Abstract

Partial or full collapse of buildings under construction is a disturbing trend in India. These failures are drawing the attention of professional Civil Engineers and public as they cause loss of life and property. It is alarming to note that majority of such building failures during construction is of private buildings, where it was assumed that quality assurance and control were much superior to public works of similar nature. If the central government's focus on 'Housing for all by 2022' has to succeed, greater confidence in the minds of Indian and foreign investors has to be instilled. Hence sound construction practices like peer/third party review, professional ethics and integrity, strict code enforcement, precisely defined duties and responsibilities for stake holders, institution for failure investigation, better technical education are to be incorporated. In this study, the building failures during construction are analyzed for determining the shortcomings and suggestions for reducing such failures are made.

References

[1]. Bell, G. R., Kan, F. W., & Wright, D. R. (1989). Project peer review: Results of the structural failures II conference. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 3(4), 218-225. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828 (1989)3:4(218)

[2]. Chaturvedi, A., & Kalkod, R. (2019). Two buildings collapse in Bengaluru; 5 killed. The Times of India. Retrieved from https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/ bihar-man-killed-as-under-construction-buildingcollapses- in-bengaluru/articleshow/70151587.cms

[3]. Chronicle, D. (2019). Madurai: Three workers killed as building under construction collapses. Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved from https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/ crime/080719/madurai-three-workers-killed-as-buildingunder- construction-collapses.html

[4]. Dhawan, P. (2019, June 2). Minor siblings die in wall collapse in Ludhiana. The Times of India. Retrieved from https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/minorsiblings- die-in-wall-collapse/articleshow/69614682.cms

[5]. Express News Service. (2019). Dharavi: 1 Dead, Two Injured as Scaffolding of Under-construction Building Collapses. Retrieved from https://indianexpress.com/ article/cities/mumbai/dharavi-under-constructionbuilding- collapse-mumbai-one-dead-injured-5677384

[6]. Feld, J., & Carper, K. L. (1997). Construction Failures (2^nd Ed.). New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons.

[7]. Gross, J. G. (1986). Building structural failures - their cause and prevention. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering, 112(4), 236-248. https://doi.org/10.1061/ (ASCE)1052-3928(1986)112:4(236)

[8]. Janssens, V. O., O'Dwyer, D. W., & Chryssanthopoulos, M. K. (2012). Assessing the consequences of building failures. Structural Engineering International, 22(1), 99-104. https://doi.org/10.2749/101686612X13216060213473

[9]. Jha, K. N. (2017). Formwork for Concrete Structures. New Delhi, India: McGraw Hill Education.

[10]. Jha, B. (2019, January 25). Gurugram: Building with illegal floors collapses, 7 die. The Times of India. Retrieved from https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/ building-with-illegal-floors-collapses-7-die/articleshow/ 67680377.cms

[11]. Kaminetzky, D. (1991). Design and Construction Failures: Lessons from Forensic Investigations. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc.

[12]. Kota Chambal Bridge. (n. d). In Wikipedia. Retrieved https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Chambal_Bridge

[13]. Lew, H. S. (1984). Construction failures and their lessons. Batiment International Building Research and Practice, 12(5), 272-275. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613 218408545283

[14]. Mengle, G. S. (2013, June 24). Many norms flouted in construction of Lucky Compound: Cops. The Indian Express. Retrieved from https://indianexpress.com/article/ cities/mumbai/many-norms-flouted-in-construction-oflucky- compound-cops/

[15]. National Crime Records Bureau. (2015). Accidental Deaths and Suicides in India -2015. Ministry of Home Affairs, GOI, New Delhi.

[16]. News Nation (2019). Prayagraj: Portion of Kumbh Mela Heliport Building Collapses. Retrieved from https://www.newsnation.in/india-news/prayagraj-portionof- kumbh-mela-heliport-building-collapses-article- 211012.html

[17]. Press Trust of India. (2013, April 7). Thane Building Collapse: Builders Bribed Corporation Officials, Cops. Retrieved from https://www.livemint.com/Politics/dlCp8U4O PDdKlbaWEpDRkN/Thane-building-collapse-Five-morearrested. html

[18]. Radhakrishnan, S., Selvan, K. G., & Kumar, S. S. (2017). Collapse of trust - Moulivakkam twin towers. International Journal of Research, 4(1), 37-46.

[19]. Kumar, R. S. (2016). Lessons from structural failures in India. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers- Forensic Engineering, 169(4), 143-148. https://doi.org/ 10.1680/jfoen.16.00019

[20]. Satyendra, Kumar, K. J. A., & Naik, V. K. (2014). India Disaster Report 2013. National Institute for Disaster Management, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, and New Delhi, India.

[21]. Sethi, R. (1998). ILR 1999 KAR 869, 1999 (1) KarLJ 706. Retrieved from https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1215014/

[22]. Sunder, S. S, Gann, R. G., Grosshandler, W. L., Averill, J. D., Bukowski, R. W., Cauffman, S. A., ... Sadek, F. (2005). Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigations of the World Trade Center Disaster. NCSTAR1, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD.

[23]. The New Indian Express. (2019). Faulty Foundation, Repair Work in Basement could have led to Dharwad Building Collapse. Retrieved from http://www. newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2019/mar/22/faul ty-foundation-repair-work-in-basement-could-have-led-tocollapse- 1954267.html

[24]. Times News Network. (2019a). Disaster Averted as 3- Storey Building Collapses in Raopura. Retrieved from https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/ disaster-averted-as-3-storey-building-collapses-inraopura/ articleshow/ 68382498.cms

[25]. Times News Network. (2019b). Bengaluru: Portion of Multi-level Car Park Collapses, Two Killed. Retrieved from https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/ bengaluru-portion-of-multi-level-car-park-collapses-twokilled/ articleshow/68750194.cms

[26]. Wardhana, K., & Hadipriono, F. C. (2003). Study of recent building failures in the United States. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 17(3), 151-158. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(2003)17:3(151)

[27]. Yadav, U. R. (2019, June 17). 3 killed as underconstruction Water Tank Collapses. Retrieved from https://www.deccanherald.com/city/top-bengalurustories/ 3-killed-as-under-construction-water-tankcollapses- 740873.html

i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering (JCE)

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Volume 9 Issue 4 September - November 2019

Evaluating on Flexural Strength of Concrete Pipe for Wastewater Applications

Mohammed-Amin Boumehraz* , Mekki Mellas**, Kamel Goudjil***, Farida Boucetta****

*-** Laboratory of Research in Civil Engineering (LRCE), University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria. *** Laboratory of Civil Engineering and Environment (LCEE), University of Jijel, Algeria. **** Laboratory of Physics of Thin Films and Applications (LPTFA), University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria.

Boumehraz, M., Mellas, M., Goudjil, K., and Boucetta, F. (2019). Evaluating on Flexural Strength of Concrete Pipe for Wastewater Applications. i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(4), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.4.15542

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Effect of Varying High and Low-Speed Churners on the Dispersion of Carbon Fibers in Self-Compacting Concrete for Flow and Electro Mechanical Properties

Iftekar Gull* , M. A. Tantray**

*-** Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Gull, I., and Tantray, M. A. (2019). Effect of Varying High and Low-Speed Churners on the Dispersion of Carbon Fibers in Self-Compacting Concrete for Flow and Electro Mechanical Properties. i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(4), 9-20. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.4.15904

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Experimental Study on Performance of Portland Based Pervious Concrete using Chemical Supplementaries and Varying Curing Technique

Sanika Kandalekar* , Raju Narwade**, Karthik Nagarajan***

*-*** Department of Civil Engineering, Pillai HOC College of Engineering and Technology, Rasayani, Maharashtra, India.

Kandalekar, S., Narwade, R., and Nagarajan, K. (2019). Experimental Study on Performance of Portland Based Pervious Concrete using Chemical Supplementaries and Varying Curing Technique. i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(4), 21-28. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.4.15572

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Development of Car-Tailpipe Fuel Emission Models due to the Effects Road Gradient and Roughness

R. Srinivasa Kumar* , M. Akshith Reddy**, N. Yashwanth***, O. Pranaya ****, E. Anvesh Yadav*****

*-***** Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.

Kumar, R. S., Reddy, M. A., Yashwanth, N., Pranaya, O., and Yadav, E. A. (2019). Development of Car - Tailpipe Fuel Emission Models Due to the Effects Road Gradient and Roughness. i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(4), 29-37. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.4.14718

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Delineation of Groundwater Recharge Potential Zones of Varaha Watershed, Villupuram District, Tamilnadu, India

N. Nagarajan* , S. Sivaprakasam**, K. Karthikeyan***

*-*** Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India.

Nagarajan, N., Sivaprakasam, S., and Karthikeyan, K. (2019). Delineation of Groundwater Recharge Potential Zones of Varaha Watershed, Villupuram District, Tamilnadu, India. i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(4), 38-49. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.4.15735

Abstract

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Lessons from Studies on Building Failures during Construction in India

K. N. Narasimha Prasad*

*National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Goa, India.

Prasad, K. N. N. (2019). Lessons from Studies on Building Failures during Construction in India. i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 9(4), 50-57. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.9.4.16488

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Mohammed-Amin Boumehraz* , Mekki Mellas, Kamel Goudjil*, Farida Boucetta****

- Laboratory of Research in Civil Engineering (LRCE), University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria.

Laboratory of Civil Engineering and Environment (LCEE), University of Jijel, Algeria.

**** Laboratory of Physics of Thin Films and Applications (LPTFA), University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria.

Sanika Kandalekar* , Raju Narwade, Karthik Nagarajan*

R. Srinivasa Kumar* , M. Akshith Reddy, N. Yashwanth, O. Pranaya , E. Anvesh Yadav

N. Nagarajan* , S. Sivaprakasam, K. Karthikeyan*