i-manager Publications

i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering (JCE)

Current Issue Vol. 14 Issue 2

Behavioral Studies on Sorptivity of the Concrete Blended with Nano Silica
Optimization of Lane Based Signalized Intersections through VISSIM at Outer Ring Road Bengaluru
Trend Analysis of Rainfall Data using Mann-Kendall Test and Sen's Slope Estimator
A Review on Sustainable Utilization of Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) for the Production of Mortar and Concrete
A Critical Review of Experimental Research on the Durability of Cement Modified with Partial Steel Slag Replacement

Most Cited

Volume 12 Issue 3 June - August 2022

Research Paper

Photocatalytic Degradation of Polyvinyl Chloride Plastic Film by Codoping Graphene Oxide and Titanium Dioxide

Basavaraj R. Hiremath* , Akshay Muttinamath**

*-** Department of Civil Engineering, Basaveshwar Engineering College, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.

Hiremath, B. R., and Muttinamath, A. (2022). Photocatalytic Degradation of Polyvinyl Chloride Plastic Film by Codoping Graphene Oxide and Titanium Dioxide. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 12(3), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.12.3.18975

Abstract

Considering the current plastic usage and environmental issues linked with PVC plastic, current research treatment technologies are critical. One of the most commonly used and dumped types of plastic is Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC). Multiple studies have shown that it is extremely harmful to both human health and the environment. The current work investigates photocatalytic degradation of PVC using Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) and Graphene Oxide (GO). In this research, degradation efficiency is calculated by conducting four sets of tests. Initially, the degradation of PVC plastic is investigated, and then the TiO2, GO is mixed with PVC and the degradation is calculated. These experiments are calculated with the help of a photo reactor. The weight loss rates of PVC, PVC/TiO2 (0.3 g TiO2), PVC/GO (0.3 g GO), PVC/TiO2/GO (0.3 g TiO2, 0.3g GO) plastic films after 12 hours of Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation were 3.98 %, 70.14 %, 14.85 %, and 27.59 %, respectively. In this research, the maximum degradation efficiency of PVC was 70.14%, when the PVC was mixed with 0.3g of TiO2 at 12 hours of UV irradiation. Doped PVC shows less degradation efficiency compared with PVC/TiO2.

References

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[2]. Aragaw, T. A. (2020). Surgical face masks as a potential source for microplastic pollution in the COVID-19 scenario. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 159, 111517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111517

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[5]. Cho, S., & Choi, W. (2001). Solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of PVC–TiO2 polymer composites. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 143(2-3), 221-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(01)00499-3

[6]. Daniel, D. C. (2004). Creating a sustainable future. Jones and Bartlett Learning. Environmental Science, 8, 517-518.

[7]. David, B. (2011). Are Biodegradeable Plastics Doing More Harm Than Good? Retrieved from https://www.Scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/are-biodegradeable-plastics-doing-m-11-06-05/

[8]. Eriksen, M., Lebreton, L. C., Carson, H. S., Thiel, M., Moore, C. J., Borerro, J. C., ... & Reisser, J. (2014). Plastic pollution in the world's oceans: more than 5 trillion plastic pieces weighing over 250,000 tons afloat at sea. Plos One, 9(12), e111913. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111913

[9]. Fa, W., Zan, L., Gong, C., Zhong, J., & Deng, K. (2008). Solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of polystyrene with TiO2 modified by iron (II) phthalocyanine. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 79(3), 216-223. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.apcatb.2007.10.018

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[18]. Liang, Y., Tan, Q., Song, Q., & Li, J. (2021). An analysis of the plastic waste trade and management in Asia. Waste Management, 119, 242-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.049

[19]. Liu, G. L., Zhu, D. W., Liao, S. J., Ren, L. Y., Cui, J. Z., & Zhou, W. B. (2009). Solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of polyethylene–Goethite composite film under UV-light irradiation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 172(2-3), 1424-1429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.08.008

[20]. Mehran, M. T., Raza Naqvi, S., Ali Haider, M., Saeed, M., Shahbaz, M., & Al-Ansari, T. (2021). Global plastic waste management strategies (Technical and behavioral) during and after COVID-19 pandemic for cleaner global urban life. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2020.1869869

[21]. Njeru, J. (2006). The urban political ecology of plastic bag waste problem in Nairobi, Kenya. Geoforum, 37(6), 1046-1058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2006.03.003

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[26]. Yang, C., Ye, L., Tian, L., Peng, T., Deng, K., & Zan, L. (2011). Photodegradation activity of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)–perchlorinated iron (II) phthalocyanine (FePcCl16) composite film. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 353(2), 537-541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2010.10.010

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Research Paper

First Order Basis Splines to Perform Isogeometric Topology Optimization of Three Dimensional Structures

K. N. V. Chandrasekhar* , V. Bhikshma**

* Mahaveer Institute of Science and Technology, Vyasapuri, Keshavagiri, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

** University College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Chandrasekhar, K. N. V., and Bhikshma, V. (2022). First Order Basis Splines to Perform Isogeometric Topology Optimization of Three Dimensional Structures. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 12(3), 11-22. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.12.3.18983

Abstract

Topology optimization is at the heart of the design process. With the increasing availability of computational power at cheaper prices the research work in this field has been growing steadily in recent years. Isogeometric analysis using basis splines can be very useful to represent the design domain with good precision. The main focus of this research is to use first-order basis spline functions to represent the design domain in three dimensions and to perform topology optimization and to determine the optimal distribution of material. The principal stresses at the centroid of each element are calculated and compared with the permissible stress of the given material. The nodal displacements are computed at each control point and checked with the permissible displacement for the given material. A few problems from the existing work have been solved using isogeometric topology optimization and shown good agreement with the results obtained using Finite Element Analysis (FEA).

References

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[4]. Chandrasekhar, K. N. V., Bhikshma, V., & Bhaskara Reddy, K. U. (2022). topology optimization of laminated composite plates and shells using optimality criteria. Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics, 8(2), 405-415. https://doi.org/10.22055/JACM.2019.31296.1858

[5]. Chandrasekhar, K. N. V., Sahithi, N. S. S., & Rao, T. M. (2017). Detailed stepwise procedure to perform isogeometric analysis of a two dimensional continuum plate structure-II. Journal of Aerospace Engineering & Technology, 7(3), 19–37. https://doi.org/10.37591/.v7i3.6

[6]. Cottrell, J. A., Hughes, T. J., & Bazilevs, Y. (2009). Isogeometric Analysis: Toward Integration of CAD and FEA. John Wiley & Sons.

[7]. Duysinx, P., & Bendsoe, M. P. (1998). Topology optimization of continuum structures with local stress constraints. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 43(8), 1453-1478. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0207(19981230)43:8<1453::AID - NME480>3.0.CO;2-2

[8]. Gao, J., Gao, L., Luo, Z., & Li, P. (2019). Isogeometric topology optimization for continuum structures using density distribution function. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 119(10), 991-1017. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.6081

[9]. Gebremedhen, H. S., Woldemicahel, D. E., & Hashim, F. M. (2019). Three-dimensional stress-based topology optimization using SIMP method. International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization, 10, A1. https://doi.org/10.1051/smdo/2019005

[10]. Ghaffarianjam, H. R., & Abolbashari, M. H. (2010). Performance of the evolutionary structural optimizationbased approaches with different criteria in the shape optimization of beams. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 46(4), 348-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2009.12.001

[11]. He, Z. Q., Liu, Z., Wang, J., & Ma, Z. J. (2020). Development of strut-and-tie models using load path in structural concrete. Journal of Structural Engineering, 146(5), 06020004. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002631

[12]. Hughes, T. J., Cottrell, J. A., & Bazilevs, Y. (2005). Isogeometric analysis: CAD, finite elements, NURBS, exact geometry and mesh refinement. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 194(39-41), 4135-4195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2004.10.008

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[16]. Liu, H., Yang, D., Hao, P., & Zhu, X. (2018). Isogeometric analysis based topology optimization design with global stress constraint. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 342, 625-652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2018.08.013

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Research Paper

Experimental Study on Alkali Activated Fly Ash and GGBS Based Coarse aggregate in Cement Concrete

Naveena M. P.* , G. Narayana**

*-** Department of Civil Engineering, SJC Institute of Technology, Chickballapur, Karnataka, India.

Naveena, M. P., and Narayana, G. (2022). Experimental Study on Alkali Activated Fly Ash and GGBS Based Coarse Aggregate in Cement Concrete. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 12(3), 23-30. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.12.3.18890

Abstract

Many applications of fly ash have been studied and employed in various fields. Thermal power stations use pulverized coal as fuel. Thus produce large amounts of fly ash as a by-product of combustion. The present analyses investigates the manufacturing process of Alkali Activated Fly Ash (AAFG) and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) Based Coarse Aggregate using an ordinary concrete mixer and its properties are analyzed. The flexural capacity of the Reinforce Concrete (RC) beam with AAFG increases by increasing the diameter of reinforcement and decreases in the replacement AAFG beam, and the crack width decreases as an increase in the replacement of the fly ash aggregate up to 50% in concrete. The durability property of concrete blended with AAFG shows similar results to conventional concrete. From the Rapid Chloride Permeability Test (RCPT) results, it shows that AAFG concrete and conventional concrete are both in the moderate zone only.

References

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[2]. Arslan, H., & Baykal, G. (2006). Utilization of fly ash as engineering pellet aggregates. Environmental Geology, 50(5), 761-770. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0248-7

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[4]. Ramamurthy, K., & Harikrishnan, K. I. (2006). Influence of binders on properties of sintered fly ash aggregate. Cement and Concrete Composites, 28(1), 33-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2005.06.005

[5]. Arezoumandi, M., & Volz, J. S. (2013). Effect of fly ash replacement level on the shear strength of high-volume fly ash concrete beams. Journal of Cleaner Production, 59, 120-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.06.043

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Research Paper

Consequences of using GGBS and M-Sand on the Properties of High Strength Concrete

Dr Syed Afzal Basha* , B. Jayarami Reddy**

* Department of Civil Engineering, G Pullaiah College of Engineering and Technology, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India.

** Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, IIIT Ongole Campus, Prakasam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Basha, S. A., and Reddy, B. J. (2022). Consequences of using GGBS and M-Sand on the Properties of High Strength Concrete. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 12(3), 31-41. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.12.3.18869

Abstract

Complimentary cementitious materials have occupied a pivotal position in the production of high-strength concrete blends as a substitute for binding components. These additional cementing compounds have been used in concrete for decades and their effects are well known and understood. The practise of using supplementary cementitious materials in the construction sector is favorable to concrete technologists, which generally results in a lower cost of concrete production without compromising on the short-term and long-term attributes of concrete. One of the well-known cementitious materials like Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), which is obtained as a by-product of steel producing units, is being used as partial substitute of cement in producing M60 grade of high strength concrete. The present work is focused on the utilization of manufactured sand and stone powder as finer aggregate content and GGBS as a fractional binding element. Various tests were performed to find the mechanical properties and microstructure of high strength mixes. The analyses revealed that GGBS made significant contributions to the mechanical properties of concrete through void filling ability and the formation of calcium-silicate-hydrate gel. The micro-structural tests performed through scanning electron microscopy and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the dense microstructure of the high-strength mix of concrete at 45% substitution levels of GGBS.

References

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Research Paper

Intercomparison of Probability Distributions for Selecting a Best Fit for Estimation of Rainfall

Vivekanandan N.*

Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Vivekanandan, N. (2022). Intercomparison of Probability Distributions for Selecting a Best Fit for Estimation of Rainfall. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 12(3), 42-47. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.12.3.18900

Abstract

Estimation of rainfall for a given duration and return period is considered as one of the important design parameters in hydrological studies for planning, design and management of civil and hydraulic structures. This can be computed by fitting a probability distribution to the annual 1-day maximum rainfall observed at the rain-gauge site located within the vicinity of the study area. This paper presents an analysis of rainfall estimation at Dahanu using an extreme value family of probability distributions, namely, Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), Extreme Value Type-1, Extreme Value Type-2, and 3- parameter Pareto, wherein the parameters are determined using the Method of Moments, Maximum Likelihood Method, and Method of L-Moments (LMO). The adequacy of fitting probability distributions adopted in rainfall analysis is evaluated by quantitative assessment through Goodness-of-Fit (viz., Chi-Square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov) and diagnostic (viz., D-index) tests, and qualitative assessment by using the fitted curves of the estimated rainfall. The study shows that the estimated 1-day maximum rainfall given by GEV (LMO) distribution could be considered as a design parameter while designing the civil and hydraulic structures at Dahanu.

References

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[2]. AlHassoun, S. A. (2011). Developing an empirical formulae to estimate rainfall intensity in Riyadh region. Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences, 23(2), 81-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2011.03.003

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[5]. Baghel, H., Mittal, H. K., Singh, P. K., Yadav, K. K., & Jain, S. (2019). Frequency analysis of rainfall data using probability distribution models. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 8(6), 1390-1396. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.806.168

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[10]. Sabarish, R. M., Narasimhan, R., Chandhru, A. R., Suribabu, C. R., Sudharsan, J., & Nithiyanantham, S. (2017). Probability analysis for consecutive-day maximum rainfall for Tiruchirapalli City (south India, A s i a ) . Applied Water Science, 7(2), 1033-1042. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-015-0307-x

[11]. Sharma, N. K., & Sharma, S. (2019). Frequency analysis of rainfall data of Dharamshala region, International Journal of Science and Research, 8(2): 886-892.

[12]. USGS. (2019). Guidelines for Determining Flood Flow Frequency Bulletin 17C. Hydrologic Analysis and Interpretation, US Geological Survey (USGS), Washington. Retrieved from https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/04/b05/tm4b5.pdf

[13]. Vaidya, V. B., Suvarna, D., & Kulshreshtha, M. S. (2020). Evaluation of frequency analysis of distinctive rainfall intensity for various stations of Gujarat. International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, 7(12), 420-435.

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Volume 12 Issue 3 June - August 2022

Photocatalytic Degradation of Polyvinyl Chloride Plastic Film by Codoping Graphene Oxide and Titanium Dioxide

Basavaraj R. Hiremath* , Akshay Muttinamath**

*-** Department of Civil Engineering, Basaveshwar Engineering College, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.

Hiremath, B. R., and Muttinamath, A. (2022). Photocatalytic Degradation of Polyvinyl Chloride Plastic Film by Codoping Graphene Oxide and Titanium Dioxide. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 12(3), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.12.3.18975

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First Order Basis Splines to Perform Isogeometric Topology Optimization of Three Dimensional Structures

K. N. V. Chandrasekhar* , V. Bhikshma**

* Mahaveer Institute of Science and Technology, Vyasapuri, Keshavagiri, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. ** University College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Chandrasekhar, K. N. V., and Bhikshma, V. (2022). First Order Basis Splines to Perform Isogeometric Topology Optimization of Three Dimensional Structures. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 12(3), 11-22. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.12.3.18983

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Experimental Study on Alkali Activated Fly Ash and GGBS Based Coarse aggregate in Cement Concrete

Naveena M. P.* , G. Narayana**

*-** Department of Civil Engineering, SJC Institute of Technology, Chickballapur, Karnataka, India.

Naveena, M. P., and Narayana, G. (2022). Experimental Study on Alkali Activated Fly Ash and GGBS Based Coarse Aggregate in Cement Concrete. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 12(3), 23-30. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.12.3.18890

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Consequences of using GGBS and M-Sand on the Properties of High Strength Concrete

Dr Syed Afzal Basha* , B. Jayarami Reddy**

* Department of Civil Engineering, G Pullaiah College of Engineering and Technology, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India. ** Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, IIIT Ongole Campus, Prakasam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Basha, S. A., and Reddy, B. J. (2022). Consequences of using GGBS and M-Sand on the Properties of High Strength Concrete. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 12(3), 31-41. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.12.3.18869

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Intercomparison of Probability Distributions for Selecting a Best Fit for Estimation of Rainfall

Vivekanandan N.*

Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Vivekanandan, N. (2022). Intercomparison of Probability Distributions for Selecting a Best Fit for Estimation of Rainfall. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 12(3), 42-47. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.12.3.18900

Abstract

References

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* Mahaveer Institute of Science and Technology, Vyasapuri, Keshavagiri, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

** University College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

* Department of Civil Engineering, G Pullaiah College of Engineering and Technology, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India.

** Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, IIIT Ongole Campus, Prakasam, Andhra Pradesh, India.