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i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering (JCE)

Current Issue Vol. 14 Issue 2

Behavioral Studies on Sorptivity of the Concrete Blended with Nano Silica
Optimization of Lane Based Signalized Intersections through VISSIM at Outer Ring Road Bengaluru
Trend Analysis of Rainfall Data using Mann-Kendall Test and Sen's Slope Estimator
A Review on Sustainable Utilization of Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) for the Production of Mortar and Concrete
A Critical Review of Experimental Research on the Durability of Cement Modified with Partial Steel Slag Replacement

Most Cited

Volume 12 Issue 2 March - May 2022

Research Paper

Analysis of Floating House by using ANSYS: Platform Material Comparison of Expanded Polystyrene and Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe

G. Hema Sai* , B. Vidya**

*-** Department of Civil Engineering, Gayatri Vidya Parishad College for Degree and PG Courses (A), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Sai, G. H, and Vidya, B. (2022). Analysis of Floating House by using ANSYS: Platform Material Comparison of Expanded Polystyrene and Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 12(2), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.12.2.18846

Abstract

Even if living against the water is challenging, living with the rising water level is doable. The global average sea level is rising as a result of global warming. The land surface is being occupied by rising water levels. Several places of the globe are in danger of disappearing from the map, vanishing under water, due to rising sea levels. Society will have to adjust and possibly live in floating dwellings one day. Some countries are further along in their adaptation to the effects of global warming, particularly the rising sea level, than others, depending on their geographical location. In locations where the land is mostly covered by water, the sole option to survive the rising waters is floating house. A 96.6m. sq. long floating house with dimensions of 11.5mx8.4m is considered. This paper aims to construct a floating house and use Ansys software to analyse the structure.

References

[1]. Adi, H. P., Wahyudi, S. I., Ni'Am, M. F., & Haji, S. (2020a). An analysis of plastic barrels as a platforms material of floating house in coastal areas. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 498(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/498/1/012066

[2]. Adi, H. P., Wahyudi, S. I., Sudarmono, C. S., & Islam, M. C. (2020b). Comparison analysis of expanded polystyrene system (eps) and polyvinyl chloride (pvc) pipe as platform material of floating buildings in the coastal areas of Semarang. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1444(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1444/1/012047

[3]. Ambica, A., & Venkatraman, K. (2015). Floating architecture: A design on hydrophilic floating house for fluctuating water level. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 8(32), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2015/v8i32/84304

[4]. Asrasal, A., Wahyudi, S. I., Adi, H. P., & Heikoop, R. (2018). Analysis of floating house platform stability using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe material. In MATEC Web of Conferences, 195(3), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819502025

[5]. Boyke, C., Achmadi, T., & Iqbal, H. (2019). The Conceptual design of the floating house for postearthquake temporary shelters in difficult land access areas in Indonesia. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), 10(11), 198-213.

[6]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (1984). Specification for Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) IS: 4671-1984, New Delhi, India.

[7]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (1987). Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than earthquake) for Buildings and Structures IS: 875(part 2)-1987, (Reaffirmed 2008), New Delhi, India.

[8]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (1987). Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than earthquake) for Buildings and Structures, part 5 Load Combinations IS: 875(part 5)- 1987, (Reaffirmed 2003), New Delhi, India.

[9]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (1987). Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than earthquake) for Buildings and Structures IS: 875(part 3)-1987, (Reaffirmed 2003), New Delhi, India.

[10]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (2000). Code of Practice for Polyvinyl Chloride Pipes (PVC) IS: 4985-2000, New Delhi, India.

[11]. Cahyono, D. B., Adi, H. P., Wahyudi, S. I., & Pratikso (2022). Lightweight concrete as covers on floating house platforms made from expanded polystyrene system (EPS) material. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 955(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/955/1/012012

[12]. Endangsih, T., & Ikaputra. (2020). Floating houses technology as alternative living on the water. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 797(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/797/1/012020

[13]. Haji, S., Adi, H. P., & Ni'am, M. F. (2020). Model comparison of the floating foundations for the development of floating houses at coastal areas. Pondasi, 23(2), 51-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/pondasi.v23i2.11211

[14]. Ishaque, F., Ahamed, M. S., & Hoque, M. N. (2014). Design and estimation of low cost floating house. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 7(1), 49-57.

[15]. Moon, C. (2015). A study on the floating house for new resilient living. Journal of the Korean Housing Association, 26(5), 97-104. https://doi.org/10.6107/JKHA.2015.26.5.097

[16]. Ostrowska-Wawryniuk, K., & Piatek, Ł. (2020). Lightweight prefabricated floating buildings for shallow inland waters. Design and construction of the floating hotel apartment in Poland. Journal of Water and Land Development, 44(1-3), 118-125. https://doi.org/10.24425/jwld.2019.127052

[17]. Shekhorkina, S. (2015). Basic principles of low-rise residential floating buildings design. International Youth Science Forum “LITTERIS ET ARTIBUS”, 142-146.

[18]. Sigit-Arifin, I. E. L., Sheng, Y. K., & Nimityongskul, P. (1990). Ferrocement floating house for low-income families of Klong Toey, Bangkok, Thailand. Journal of Ferrocement, 20(2), 133-142.

[19]. Varkey, E. S., Ameen, M. F., Bose, S. G., Syamlal, V., & Lawrance, L. (2019). Design and analysis of floating residence, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 6(5), 4679-4683.

[20]. Prihatmaji, Y. P., & Nugraha, D. H. (2019). Keeping the floating house afloat in Banjarmasin: Implementation potential of EPS floating technology for foundation engineering. In MATEC Web of Conferences, 280, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928002001

[21]. Wang, C. M., & Tay, Z. Y. (2011). Very large floating structures: applications, research and development. Procedia Engineering, 14, 62-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.07.007

[22]. Wang, X., & Xu, S. Y. (2021). Exploit the ocean for extra housing supply: A Comparison between the floating house and houseboat. International Journal on Engineering Technologies and Informatics, 2(2), 37-39. https://doi.org/10.51626/ijeti.2021.02.00010

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Research Paper

First Order Basis Splines to Perform Isogeometric Topology Optimisation to Design the Outline of Bridge Pier and Analyse using Idea Statica^®

P. Srilatha* , D. Narmada, D. Tarun Kumar*, M. Arun**, D. Yuva Kumar*, K. N. V. Chandrasekhar****

*-****** Department of Civil Engineering, Mahaveer Institute of Science and Technology, Vyasa puri, Keshavgiri, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Srilatha, P., Narmada, D., Kumar, D. T., Arun, M., Kumar, D. Y., and Chandrasekhar, K. N. V. (2022). First Order Basis Splines to Perform Isogeometric Topology Optimisation to Design the Outline of Bridge Pier and Analyse using Idea Statica^®. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 12(2), 15-30. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.12.2.18855

Abstract

Now-a-days managing the traffic in major cities is a challenging task. One of the ways is to construct flyovers over intersections and to ensure smooth signal less traffic flow. The design philosophy has now become the design norm for most of the structural systems. To provide Reinforced Concrete Flyover Bridge is very essential in all major cities like Hyderabad, Chennai, and Mumbai etc. Our study is mainly focused on design and analysis of concrete bridge pier. The present study focuses on pier of an elevated bridge which is conventionally based on force based approach. The main focus of the present study is to perform an optimal design of a reinforced concrete pier which carries the deck of the flyover. The traffic flow is taken for 2 lane flyover on each side of the median. An Isogeometric topology optimization algorithm is used to determine the outline of the bridge pier. The bridge pier is then modeled in AutoCAD and imported to IDEA StatiCa® software. The reinforcement is calculated using Indian Standard (IS) code with all the necessary checks. The distribution of material within the given domain is determined. Shear strength, bending strength and crushing strength are calculated manually for checking strength compatibility. The static analysis and buckling analysis is performed using Idea Statica® software and the results are obtained.

References

[1]. Bharadwaj, R., Khan, M., & Chandrasekhar, K. N. V. (2020). Design of reinforced cement concrete corbel and perform free vibration and buckling analysis. i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 9(1), 40-51. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.9.1.16479

[2]. Chirehdast, M., & Gea, H. C., (1992). Further advances in the integrated structural optimisation system, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 974-981

[3]. Goswami, R., & Murty, C. V. R. (2003). Seismic shear design of RC bridge piers- part I: review of code provisions. Indian Concrete Journal, 77(6), 1127-1133.

[4]. Hughes, T. J., Cottrell, J. A., & Bazilevs, Y. (2005). Isogeometric analysis: CAD, finite elements, NURBS, exact geometry and mesh refinement. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 194(39-41), 4135-4195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2004.10.008

[5]. Jawalkar, G. C., & Shaikh, S. P. (2021). Comparative analysis and design of bridge pier forvarious geometries along height comparing the parameters deflection and bending stresses. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology, 9(12), 571-580. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39315

[6]. Kamini, B. F., Milind, G., & Patil, P. D. (2018). Effect of different shapes of bridge piers to minimize local scour. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(1), 628-638.

[7]. Liang, Q. Q., Uy, B., & Steven, G. P. (2002). Performance-based optimization for strut-tie modeling of structural concrete. Journal of Structural Engineering, 128(6), 815-823. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:6(815)

[8]. Mander, J. B., Dutta, A., & Goel, P. (1998). Capacity design of bridge piers and the analysis of overstrength. Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER), (pp. 102).

[9]. Niranjan, R. S., Bhattacharjya, S., & Kumar, N. S. A. (2015). Robust design optimization of bridge pier including parameter uncertainty in monte carlo simulation framework. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 4(9), 39-43.

[10]. Patil, H. M. S., & Waikar, M. L. (2017). Literature review on design of metro bridge piers. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 6(1), 747-752.

[11]. Takaku, T., Fukumoto, Y., Aoki, T., & Susantha, K. A. S. (2004). Seismic design of bridge piers with stiffened box sections using LP plates. In Proceeding of the Thirteenth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, B. C., Canada.

[12]. Tang, P. S., & Chang, K. H. (2001). Integration of topology and shape optimization for design of structural components. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 22(1), 65-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00013282

[13]. The Constructor. (n.d.). What is Bridge Pier? Types of Bridge Piers, Retrieved from https://theconstructor.org/structures/bridge-pier-types/36121/#

[14]. Vanahalli, R. R., & Itti, S.V. (2013). Study on rcc bridge pier using anysys. International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology, 2(3), 149-152.

[15]. Zaheer, Q., Yonggang, T., & Qamar, F. (2022). Literature review of bridge structure's optimization and it's development over time. International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization, 13, 5. https://doi.org/10.1051/smdo/2021039

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Research Paper

Performance Based Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Structure using Inelastic Static Pushover Analysis

Ashwini L. K.* , M. Keshavamurthy, Robert Dionne*

* Raja Rajeswari College of Engineering, VTU, Bengaluru, India.

University Vishweshvaraya College of Engineering, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, India.

* University BDT College of Engineering, Davangere, Karnataka, India.

Ashwini, L. K., Keshavamurthy, M., and Ravikumar, C. M. (2022). Performance Based Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Structure using Inelastic Static Pushover Analysis. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 12(2), 31-40. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.12.2.18839

Abstract

The shortfall of the force based method for the seismic design of Reinforced concrete (RC) structures has initiated the need of Performance based design. Force based method guarantees only strength criterion. For Performance Based Design, the design and evaluation criteria are expressed as performance objectives. The damages are articulated in terms of post yield inelastic deformation limits. Performance based design of 8 storey RC structure is carried out using pushover analysis. Initially seismic design is carried out as per IS code provisions, subsequent design iterations are made by accounting for cracked moment of Inertia and the iterations are concluded when structure possess sufficient amount of ductility.

References

[1]. Agrawal, P., & Shrikhande, M. (2006). Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.

[2]. Applied Technology Council, ATC-40. (1996). Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Concrete Buildings, Redwood City, California.

[3]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (1987). Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures (IS 875 (Part I)-1987), New Delhi, India.

[4]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (1987). Code of Practice for Design Loads for Buildings and Structures (IS 875 (Part II)-1987), New Delhi, India.

[5]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (2000). Plain and Reinforced Concrete – Code of Practice (IS 456-2000), New Delhi, India.

[6]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (2002). Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, IS 1893 (Part I)-2002, New Delhi, India.

[7]. Duggal, S. K. (2007). Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.

[8]. FEMA 273. (1997). NEHRP Guidelines for the Seismic rehabilitation of Buildings, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington D.C.

[9]. FEMA 349. (2000). Action Plan for Performance based Seismic design. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington D.C.

[10]. FEMA 356. (2000). Pre-standard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington D.C.

[11]. Ghorbanie-Asl, M. (2007). Performance-based seismic design of building structures (Doctoral dissertation, Carleton University).

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Research Paper

Cubic Basis Splines to Perform Topology Optimization of Laminated Composite Regular Cylindrical and Elliptical and Hyperbolic Thin Shell Structures using Inverse Buckling Formulation

K. N. V. Chandrasekhar* , V. Bhikshma**

* Mahaveer Institute of Science and Technology, Vyasapuri, Keshavagiri, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

** University College of Engineering, Osmania University, Amberpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Chandrasekhar, K. N. V., and Bhikshma, V. (2022). Cubic Basis Splines to Perform Topology Optimization of Laminated Composite Regular Cylindrical and Elliptical and Hyperbolic Thin Shell Structures using Inverse Buckling Formulation. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 12(2), 41-52. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.12.2.18856

Abstract

Laminated composites are increasingly being used in civil engineering structures. The light weight coupled with high strength has paved the way for using laminated composites in important structures such as bridges and roof shells. Isogeometric analysis using splines has been of immense interest to a structural engineer to model and analyse the structure in three dimensions. The present study is focused on using basis splines to perform topology optimisation of laminated composite thin shell structures. Three different shell have been considered elliptical, cylindrical and hyperbolic structures having simply supports on all four edges. Two different lamina have been considered 0/90/0/90, 45- 45/45/-45 for each type of simply supported shells. Inverse buckling formulation with the inverse of the buckling load is taken as the objective function to perform topology optimisation. Strength and stability criteria are included in the analysis. Deformed profile of laminates is presented here for each case of lamina using isogeometric analysis. The results of cubic basis spline based analysis are in good agreement with the results given in the literature obtained using finite element analysis.

References

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[2]. Behshad, A., & Ghasemi, M. R. (2014). Nurbs-igabased modelling: Analysis and optimization of laminated plates. Tehnički Vjesnik, 21(4), 789-797.

[3]. Bendsøe, M. P., & Kikuchi, N. (1988). Generating optimal topologies in structural design using a homogenization method. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 71(2), 197-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7825(88)90086-2

[4]. Benson, D. J., Bazilevs, Y., Hsu, M. C., & Hughes, T. (2011). A large deformation, rotation-free, isogeometric shell. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 200(13-16), 1367-1378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2010.12.003

[5]. Camp, C. V., Pezeshk, S., & Hansson, H. (2003). Flexural design of reinforced concrete frames using a genetic algorithm. Journal of Structural Engineering, 129(1), 105-115. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:1(105)

[6]. Chandrasekhar, K. N. V. Sahithi, N. S. S., & Rao, M. (2017). A Detailed Stepwise Procedure to Perform Isogeometric Analysis of a Two Dimensional Continuum Plate Structure-II. Journal of Aerospace Engineering & Technology, 7(3), 19–37.

[7]. Chandrasekhar, K. N. V., Bhikshma, V., & Reddy, K. U. B. (2022). Topology optimisation of laminated composite shellsusing Optimality Criteria. Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics, 8(2), 405-415. https://doi.org/10.22055/JACM.2019.31296.1858

[8]. Cottrell, J. A., Hughes, T. J., & Bazilevs, Y. (2009). Isogeometric Analysis: Toward Integration of CAD and FEA. John Wiley & Sons.

[9]. Gao, J., Gao, L., Luo, Z., & Li, P. (2019). Isogeometric topology optimization for continuum structures using density distribution function. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 119(10), 991-1017. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.6081

[10]. Gebremedhen, H. S., Woldemicahel, D. E., & Hashim, F. M. (2019). Three-dimensional stress-based topology optimization using SIMP method. International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization, 10. https://doi.org/10.1051/smdo/2019005

[11]. Hassani, B., Khanzadi, M., & Tavakkoli, S. M. (2012). An isogeometrical approach to structural topology optimization by optimality criteria. Structural and Multidisciplinar y Optimization, 45(2), 223-233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-011-0680-5

[12]. Hoang, C. T., Rabczuk, T., & Nguyen-Xuan, H. (2013). A rotation-free isogeometric analysis for composite sandwich thin plates. International Journal of Composite Materials, 3(6A), 10-18.

[13]. Hughes, T. J., Cottrell, J. A., & Bazilevs, Y. (2005). Isogeometric analysis: CAD, finite elements, NURBS, exact geometry and mesh refinement. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 194(39-41), 4135-4195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2004.10.008

[14]. Hughes, T. J., Reali, A., & Sangalli, G. (2010). Efficient quadrature for NURBS-based isogeometric analysis. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 199(5-8), 301-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2008.12.004

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Review Paper

A Study on Futuristic Intelligent Transportation Systems & Smart Technologies in Urban Areas: A Review

Divyansh Jain* , Munira Amirali, Harshit Kushwaha, N. Sirisha, Ch. Ramya

- JMC Projects India Ltd, Mumbai, India.

-***** Department of Civil Engineering, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, Raghogarh, Guna, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Jain, D., Tripathi, A., Kushwaha, H., Verma, A., and Yadav, S. N. (2022). A Study on Futuristic Intelligent Transportation Systems & Smart Technologies in Urban Areas: A Review. i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 12(2), 53-62. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.12.2.18574

Abstract

India is a developing country, and all its development schemes are not fully on the ground. In this scenario, the Indian Prime Minister launched the smart cities project in 2015. In this smart cities project, for creating a world-class city that possesses all facilities, the education sector, medical sector, hospitality sector, transportation sector, etc., are collaborating with the Indian government to bring change. Transport Telematics or Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) are innovative tools based on the Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) applied in the transport sector. These tools enable authorities, operators and travellers to make more informed and 'intelligent' decisions. In addition, these tools improve transport management and increase efficiency and safety for public bodies while reducing energy consumption and environmental impacts, thus contributing to more sustainable transport.

References

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[8]. Field, M. (2017). What is Hyperloop and will it be the Future of Transport, the Telegrape. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/0/hyperloop-willfuture-transport/

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