Abstract

Unsafe abortion is one of the serious maternal health issues and a major concern for women in their reproductive phase. It is estimated that globally around 42 million women go for a premature ending of pregnancy annually, where about 20 million abortions are taken place in an unsafe manner. Approximately 13% of maternal deaths globally are due to abortion, 95% of these occur in developing countries with 10-12% of maternal deaths in Pakistan due to complications of miscarriages/abortion. Unwanted pregnancies, cultural influence, poverty, mother's health issues and lack of availability and accessibility of contraception and contraceptive failures are some of the aspects that contribute rise in unsafe termination of pregnancy. The majority of unsafe abortion providers is covert untrained lady Health visitors, nurse/midwives, and dais due to a social taboo attached to it. Unsafe abortion causes high maternal mortality and morbidity rate with numerous immediate and long-term complications. This necessitates making legal status of abortion known to the health care providers, policymakers, and the general public in Pakistan.

Abstract

About 10-15% of the general populace frequently experience persecutory delusions as an immediate symptom of mental illness. Persecutory delusion is a condition where mistrust of others is the fundamental characteristic. This makes troublesome for health care providers to construct trustful and empathetic relationship, eventually causing a remarkable hindrance in the patient's treatment. Persecutory delusion reflects false convictions about the intentions and conducts of others that could emerge from the theory of mind deficits. Patient's constant worrying, thinking style, negative beliefs about the self, Interpersonal sensitivity, sleep disturbance, anomalous internal experience, and reasoning biases contribute greatly towards the suspicious thoughts. Helping people with delusions is an important clinical issue. The Cognitive behavior therapy, Emotional Processing and Metacognitive Awareness, and Progressive Muscle Relaxant are interventions that should be vigilantly applied to treat and build trust in the patient. Patients should be assisted in a non-judgmental environment to make their paranoid experiences less threatening, less interfering, and more controllable.

Abstract

Nursing profession in most of the countries particularly developing and under-developed countries such as Afghanistan has not achieved the required recognition and status. Similarly, nurses are not adequately motivated through different means to promote retention. Transformational leadership is the best style to lead, not only because it directs, but also provides opportunities for development and learning; hence, motivating nursing staff to feel responsible and retain within the profession. This paper focuses on four dimensions of the transformational leadership which include; individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation, and idealized influence. These dimensions are interconnected with each other and they are considered a strategy for staff motivation and a better outcome.

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the awareness of community health nurses on and relevance of global health competencies. Specifically, it sought to: determine if there are significant differences of the awareness of community health nurses on and relevance of global health competencies when grouped according to length of service and educational attainment; and, examine the correlation of the awareness of community health nurses on and relevance of global health competencies. The results of the study will add up to the community health nurses' current knowledge on global health competencies for a more effective and reliable global health personnel. The results revealed that community health nurses have very high awareness on global health competencies with social and environmental determinants of health as the subset with the highest mean. Moreover, they perceive global health competencies as very relevant with health care in low-resource setting as the most relevant subset. Educational attainment and length of service are not factors in determining the awareness of community health nurses on and relevance of global health competencies. Finally, the awareness of community health nurses on global health competencies is significantly correlated to their perceived relevance of the said competencies.

Abstract

The health care delivery system is a structure that provides the best support to any country's people with efficient, effective, and equitable distributions of resources, through well-organized infrastructure. A good health care system improves country's work force and eventually increases individual wellbeing and economic solidity. These strong and productive human resources can be attained by government efforts of providing structured health facilities for the public. Globally, the health care system of different countries varies and depends on effective utilization of health expenditures. The health sectors of underdeveloped countries are engrossed in the difficult situations of governance and health care funding, human resource issues, and deficient access to health care services. This caused a considerable impact on the health service delivery to the people. The paper highlights a brief analysis of Pakistan and Germany health care systems with the help of WHO health care system framework. The WHO framework includes six components, i.e., leadership, financing, workforce, service delivery, information and technology, and research. Moreover, this paper includes health system challenges and practical strategies to strengthen the healthcare system.

Abstract

Social isolation is a state of loneliness experienced by non-participative individuals (Harvey & Brophy, 2011). It is characterized by lack of social belongings, weakened engagement with others, minimal public contacts, and unsatisfying relationships (Nicholson, 2009). This paper will focus on the concern of social isolation among mentally ill clients, its consequences and few strategies to surmount it. A systematic review was conducted through electronic medium to investigate the relevant literature. Various databases, i.e. Pubmed, Google search engines, Science Direct, JPMA, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature CINHAL and SAGA were used. Manual search was also done by accessing articles from 2000 till 2015.

According to Roy's Adaptation Model (Nicolson, 2009), the client is a bio-psychosocial individual who mingles and adjusts with the varying surroundings. The outcome is the adaptive or maladaptive behavior of the individual. The adaptive performance is exhibited in four ways that are physiological, self-concept, role-function, and interdependence (Nicholson, 2009). However, failure to adaptation can result in weak self-concept, weak interdependence, and ineffective interpersonal relationships ultimately resulting in social isolation. In addition, mental illnesses like depression, schizophrenia, bipolar-affective-disorder, and personality disorders can also lead to social cut-off. Social isolation is considered to be a current issue, but actually it has always been thriving in the corridors of our society requiring comprehensive efforts for its resolution (Hamirani, 2008). For this reason, suitable steps at individual, group, and institutional levels could be effective in preventing isolation. Psychiatric nursing practice requires the implementation of the concept of social integration to enhance physical and psychological wellbeing of socially secluded clients.

Abstract

In today's highly competitive and economic driven era, health care organizations strive for quality patient care. One of the major resources in delivering quality care in a health care organization is health care personnels. Similarly, emplaced systems are also equally important for providing the best quality care to patients and their family members. Hence, loop holes or malpractices at institutional or individual levels could endanger patients' lives. Simultaneously, it adversely impacts on health care organization’s reputation and prestige. Drug error is one of the commonest incidences that occur at a health care organization. These could be severe enough that it could endanger a patient’s life. Various factors contribute towards it, such as human (health care staff or patient), and organizational. Adverse consequences because of medication error could further increase if it involves chemotherapeutic drugs. However, near miss/ close call incidences could potentially end up into fatal incidences. However, they also serve as a great learning and improvement opportunity for preventing future reviewable sentinel incidences at health care organizations. This paper is highlighting a case scenario related to non-reviewable sentinel event in light of Reason's four stage model of human error theory, organizational and human (health care professionals and patient) factors that contributed to the event and lastly recommendations are presented in light of the reviewed literature.