i-manager Publications

i-manager's Journal on Mobile Applications and Technologies (JMT)

Current Issue Vol. 11 Issue 1

Most Cited

Volume 3 Issue 2 May - July 2016

Research Paper

Optimal Algorithm for Estimation of Mobile Users Direction in 5G LTE

Yasmine Mazin Tabra* , Bayan Mahdi Sabar**

* Lecturer, Department of Information & Communication, Information Engineering College, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq.

** Head, Department of Information & Communication, Information Engineering College, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq.

Tabra, Y.M., and Sabar, B.M. (2016). Optimal Algorithm for Estimation of Mobile Users Direction in 5G LTE. i-manager’s Journal on Mobile Applications and Technologies, 3(2), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.26634/jmt.3.2.13438

Abstract

Smart antennas used in new generations of mobile technologies provide a great improvement in detection of the direction of user mobile device. The use of Direction Of Arrival (DOA) algorithms to locate mobile devices is highly applicable due to the improvement of mobile systems to 5G LTE. To select the most appropriate method to work with LTE system, a comparison between the available algorithms in DOA is made. Among the algorithms used were Capon, MUSIC, Root-MUSIC, and ESPRIT. The comparison is made in number of snapshots, SNR, accuracy, and estimation time.

References

[1]. Kevin P. McDermott, (2015). On the Improvement of Positioning in LTE with Collaboration and Pressure Sensors. (Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech).

[2]. Bindu Sharma, et.al., (2015). “Study of DOA Estimation Using Music Algorithm”. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Vol. 6, pp. 594-603.

[3]. Revati Joshi, (2014). “Direction of Arrival Estimation using Music Algorithm”. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 633-636.

[4]. H.K. Hwang, et.al., (2008). “Direction of Arrival Estimation using a Root-MUSIC Algorithm”. Proceedings of the International Multi Conference of Engineers and Computer Scientists, Hong Kong, Vol. 2, pp. 1-3.

[5]. Tassanee Chueydith, and Monthippa Uthansakul, et al., (2016). “Optimal DOA Estimation for LTE Fading Channel Models”. In 13^th Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON) International Conference, pp. 1-6.

[6]. Dhusar Kumar Mondal, (2013). “Studies of Different Direction of Arrival (DOA) Estimation Algorithm for Smart Antenna in Wireless Communication”. International Journal of Electronics & Communication Technology, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 43-47.

[7]. Tanuja S. Dhope, (2010). “Application of MUSIC, ESPRIT and ROOT MUSIC in DOA Estimation”. Retrieved from https://www.fer.unizg.hr/_download/repository/Qualificati onPHDpaper_tanuja_dhope.pdf

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Research Paper

Miniaturized Multiband Inverted-F Antenna for Broken Metal RIM Mobile Phone Application

Durga* , Sudhanshu Verma**

* PG Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

** Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Jaisawal, D.P., and Verma, S. (2016). Miniaturized Multiband Inverted-F Antenna for Broken Metal Rim Mobile Phone Application. i-manager’s Journal on Mobile Applications and Technologies, 3(2), 6-10. https://doi.org/10.26634/jmt.3.2.13439

Abstract

A miniaturized multiband Inverted – F antenna has been proposed in this paper for mobile phone applications. This miniaturized antenna is surrounded by metal rims with two open slits. This is a strategy which gives an idea to design a metal rimmed antenna for a mobile phone application. This antenna is capable of covering GSM900/DCS/PCS/UMTS2100/LTE2300/2500 operating band which can be generated by the metal rim structure with two open slits which means it is broken into three parts. The remarkable radiation performance obtained due to metal rim is the reason for which this proposed antenna is a candidate of WWAN/LTE. Parasitic element is used in this proposed antenna for better current distribution, which provides better radiation performance. The operation mechanism of antenna along with radiation coefficients, and radiation patterns are simulated and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed antenna for mobile phone applications.

References

[1]. S.Sesia, I. Toufik, and M. Baker, (2009). LTE, The UMTS long Term Evolution: From Theory to Practice. New York, NY, USA: Wiley.

[2]. J. Zhong, K.K. Chen, and X. Sun, (2012). “A novel multiband antenna for mobile phone with metal frame”. In th Proc. 8 IEEE WiCOM, pp.1–4.

[3]. B. Yuan, Y. Cao, and G. Wang, (2011). “A miniaturized printed slot antenna for six-band operation of mobile handsets”. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag Lett., Vol. 10, pp. 854–857.

[4]. B. Yuan, Y. Cao, G. Wang, and B. Cui, (2012). “Slot antenna for metal-rimmed mobile handsets”. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., Vol. 11, pp.1334–1337.

[5]. Y.L. Ban, Y.F. Qiang, Z. Chen, K. Kang, and J.H. Guo, (2015). “A dual-loop antenna design for hepta-band WWAN/LTE metal-rimmed smartphone applications”. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 48–58.

[6]. K. Zhao, S. Zhang, K. Ishimiya, Z. Ying, and S. He, (2015). “Body-insensitive multimode MIMO terminal antenna of double-ring structure”. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 63, No. 5, pp. 1925–1936.

[7]. D.L. Huang, et al., (2010). “Compact multibranch inverted-F antenna to be embedded in a laptop computer for LTE/WWAN/IMT-E applications”. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., Vol. 9, pp. 838–841.

[8]. C.L. Ku, W.F. Lee, and S.T. Lin, (2011). “A compact slot inverted-F antenna to be embedded in the laptop computer for LTE/WWAN applications”. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 53, No. 8, pp. 1829–1832.

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Research Paper

Understanding and Optimization Techniques of Throughput Capacity for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

M.V. Rajesh* , T.V.S. Gireendranath**

* Research Scholar, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Director, Cipher Cloud Development, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

* Director, Industry Institute Interaction for Placement and Training, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Rajesh, M.V., Gireendranath,T.V.S., and Murthy, J.V.R. (2016). Understanding and Optimization Techniques of Throughput Capacity for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks. i-manager’s Journal on Mobile Applications and Technologies, 3(2), 11-18. https://doi.org/10.26634/jmt.3.2.13440

Abstract

With the tremendous growth in the application of Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks in multiple areas ranging from industries to home to multiple interdisciplinary areas, the demand for performance improvement is also increasing. The major focus of all the researches related to MANET is on throughput capacity of the complete network. However, the improvement in the MANETs cannot be achieved just by analyzing and improving the total network throughput. Moreover, the major problem, that is synchronization for time division networks using time slotted channels has also been improved, thus forcing the hike in use of MANETS. However, the throughput capacity of each node was rarely been considered for mobile ad-hoc networks, which also can be useful for optimizing the throughput capacity for each nodes in the MANET. In this work, the authors have demonstrated the derivation of individual node throughput capacity and through a theoretical model that demonstrated the possible optimization techniques for each node.

References

[1]. A. Goldsmith, M. Effros, R. Koetter, M. Medard, A. Ozdaglar, and L. Zheng, (2011). “Beyond shannon: The quest for fundamental performance limits of wireless ad hoc networks”. IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 49, No. 5, pp. 195-205.

[2]. J. Zhang, J. Chen, and Y. Sun, (2009). “Transmission power adjustment of wireless sensor networks using fuzzy control algorithm”. Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing, Vol. 9, No. 6, pp. 805-818.

[3]. M. Grossglauser, and D.N. Tse, (2001). “Mobility increases the capacity of ad hoc wireless networks”. In INFOCOM 2001. Twentieth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Proceedings. IEEE, Vol. 3, pp. 1360-1369.

[4]. A.E. Gamal, J. Mammen, B. Prabhakar, and D. Shah, (2006). “Optimal throughput-delay scaling in wireless networks–part I: The fluid model”. IEEE Transaction Inf. Theory, Vol. 52, No. 11, pp. 5111-5116.

[5]. D.M. Shila and Y. Cheng, (2012). “Ad hoc wireless networks meet the infrastructure: Mobility, capacity and delay”. INFOCOM, pp. 3031-3035.

[6]. L. Ying, S. Yang, and R. Srikant, (2008). “Optimal delay-throughput trade-offs in mobile ad hoc networks”. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, Vol. 54, No. 9, pp. 4119-4143.

[7]. P. Li, Y. Fang, and J. Li, (2010). “Throughput, delay, and mobility in wireless ad-hoc networks”. INFOCOM, pp. 1-9.

[8]. P. Gupta and P. Kumar, (2000). “The capacity of wireless networks”. IEEE Tran. Inf. Theory, Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 388-404.

[9]. S.R. Kulkarni and P. Viswanath, (2004). “A deterministic approach to throughput scaling in wireless networks”. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, Vol. 50, No. 6, pp. 1041–1049.

[10]. C. Zhang, Y. Fang, and X. Zhu, (2010). “Throughputdelay tradeoffs in large scale manets with network coding”. INFOCOM, pp. 199-207.

[11]. A.A. Hanbali, P. Nain, and E. Altman, (2008). “Performance of ad hoc networks with two-hop relay routing and limited packet lifetime-extended version”. Performance Evaluation, Vol. 65, No. 6, pp. 463-483.

[12]. J. Liu, X. Jiang, H. Nishiyama, and N. Kato, (2012). “Generalized two-hop relay for flexible delay control in MANETs”. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., Vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 1950–1963.

[13]. J. Liu, X. Jiang, H. Nishiyama, and N. Kato, (2012). “Throughput capacity of the group-based two-hop relay algorithm in MANETs”. GLOBECOM, pp. 26-30.

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Research Paper

A Survey on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Routing Protocols

Abhilash Kumar M* , Rama Mohan Reddy A**

* Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Venkateswara University College of Engineering, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.

** Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Venkateswara University College of Engineering, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Kumar M.A., and Reddy A.R.M. (2016). A Survey on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Routing Protocols. i-manager’s Journal on Mobile Applications and Technologies, 3(2), 19-25. https://doi.org/10.26634/jmt.3.2.13441

Abstract

In VANETs, frequent link disconnections degrade network performance, as a result increases end-to-end delay and high packet drop ratio. It is not acceptable for safety and emergency applications. The motivation here is to avoid traffic jams, road accidents, and pollution control by providing an accurate information to drivers at right time without any delay. Existing approaches used metrices like expected transmission count and link expiration time, which takes lot of computations, and also sometimes due to fast vehicle movements form one region to other, these calculations will be unused. To overcome this problem, the proposed approach enable vehicles to connect and communicate with each other forming mesh topology called blocks, where each block contains Block Head (BH) and cooperative nodes called Block Nodes (BN). BH maintains precise information about nodes in its region by probing hello messages and updating look-up table. Whenever a node fails, BH selects another node immediately without delay using the look-up table information. Compared to existing approaches, block mesh protocol accurately finds a new neighbour node when the situation demands. In this paper, the authors have surveyed various routing protocols used for routing and simulation results show that the proposed approach’s performance has been improved in terms of throughput and packet delivery ratio.

References

[1]. Fan Li, and Yu Wang, (2007). “Routing in vehicular adhoc networks: A Survey”. Magazine IEEE Vehicular Technology, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 12-22.

[2]. B. Patel, and K. Shah, (2013). “A survey on vehicular ad-hoc networks”. IOSR, Computer Engineering Journal, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 34-42.

[3]. P. Guangya, Mario, and Chen. “Fish-eye state routing in manets”. DAAB07-97-C-D321, Intel.

[4]. Perkins, and Royer, (2003). “Ad-hoc on demand Distance Routing”. IETF RFC no. 3684.

[5]. Johnson, and Maltz, (1996). “Dynamic source routing in wireless adhoc networks”. Mobile Computing, pp.153-181.

[6]. Park, and Scott, (1997). “A highly–Adaptive distributed routing protocol for mobile wireless networks”. In Proceedings of INFOCOM, pp. 1405-1413.

[7]. Guoyou He, (2002). “Destination–Sequenced Distance Vector protocol”. Technical Report 2002, Networking Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology.

[8]. P. Jacquet, P. Muhlethaler, T. Clausen, A. Laouiti, A. Qayyum, and L. Viennot, (2001). “Optimized link state routing protocol for ad hoc networks”. Proceedings. IEEE International Multi Topic Conference, 2001. IEEE INMIC 2001. Technology for the 21^st Century, pp. 62-68.

[9]. Mahesh, and Samir, (2001). “On–demand multipath distance vector routing in ad hoc networks”. In Network Protocols, 2001. Ninth International Conference on IEEE, pp. 14-23.

[10]. Haas, Pearlmaan, and Smar, (2002). “The Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) for Adhoc Networks”. IEFT Internet Draft.

[11]. Dharani Kumara, and Shylaja, (2015). “Performance evaluation of GPSR routing protocol for VANETs using bidirectional coupling”. Computer Science Journals, Vol. 7 No. 1, pp.1-11.

[12]. Kuk-Hyun Cho, and Min-Woo Ryu, (2012). “A survey of greedy routing protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks”. SmartCR, Vol.2, No. 2, pp. 125-137.

[13]. Seet, Liu, and Lee, (2004). “A-STAR: A mobile ad hoc routing strategy for meteropolis vehicular communications”. International Conference on Research in Networking, Springer, pp. 989-999.

[14]. Jerbi, M., Senouci, S.M., Meraihi, R., and Ghamri- Doudane, Y. (2007). “An improved vehicular routing protocol for city environments”. Communications ICC’07, pp. 3972-3979.

[15]. Li, T., Li, Y., and Liao, J. (2009). “A contention-based routing protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks in city environments”. In Distributed Computing Systems Workshops, 2009. ICDCS Workshops' 09. 29^th IEEE International Conference on IEEE, pp. 482-487.

[16]. Kevin C., and Lee, (2010). “Geo-opportunistic routing for vehicular networks”. IEEE Communication Magazine, Vol. 48, No. 5, pp. 164-170.

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Research Paper

A Novel Approach for Wireless Communication using Cognitive Radio

S. Suguna* , N. Keerthi**

*-** Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, C.R. Engineering College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Suguna, S., and Keerthi, N. (2016). A Novel Approach for Wireless Communication using Cognitive Radio. i-manager’s Journal on Mobile Applications and Technologies, 3(2), 26-32. https://doi.org/10.26634/jmt.3.2.13442

Abstract

Wireless networks will face a problem in future for large traffic volumes. To recover this problem, relay network was used in architecture of fourth generation (4G) LTE-Advanced relay network. The power allocation and optimal subcarrier allocation strategies are used to get the maximum effective capacity in LTE-A relay systems. In LTE-A system, Quality of Service will depend on effective capacity. Cognitive radio technology addresses the limited availability of wireless spectrum and inefficiency of spectrum usage. Cognitive Radio (CR) devices are used to sense environment, detect unused spectrum, and automatically access the available spectrum without creating any harmful interferences to the incumbents. Filter Bank Multicarrier with Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (FBMC/OQAM) scheme is recognized for 5G wireless technologies with an extremely low Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR). FBMC/OQAM scheme is suitable for Cognitive Radio (CR) applications.

References

The authors would like to thank each member of this paper who had been giving technical ideas and thoughts about the paper and motivating us to complete the work effectively and successfully.

[2]. Ramjee Prasad, Neeli Prasad, C.I. Prasad Badoi, and Victor Croitoru, (2011). “5G Based on Cognitive Radio”.Wireless Personal Communications, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 441-464.

[3]. Danneberg, M., Datta, R., Festag, A., and Fettweis, G. (2014). “Experimental testbed for 5G cognitive radio access in 4G LTE cellular systems”. In Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM), 2014 IEEE 8 IEEE, pp. 321-324.

[4]. M. Baker, (2012). “From LTE-advanced to the future”. IEEE Commun. Mag., Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 116–120.

[5]. Ganesh R. Patil, Prashant, and S. Wankhade, (2014). 5G Wireless Technology IJCSMC, Vol. 3, No. 10, pp. 203–207.

[6]. D. Wu, and R. Negi, (2005). “Utilizing multiuser diversity for efficient support of quality of service over a fading channel”. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., Vol. 54, No. 3, pp. 1198–1206.

[7]. L. Liu, Y. Li, B. Ng, and Z. Pi, (2012). “Radio resource and interference management for heterogeneous networks”. In Heterogeneous Cellular Networks, New York, NY, USA: Wiley, pp. 27-49.

[8]. L. Liu, J. C. Zhang, Y. Yi, H. Li, and J. Zhang, (2012). “Combating interference: MU MIMO, CoMP, and HetNet”. J. Commun., Vol. 7, No. 9, pp. 646–655.

[9]. F.P. Kelly, (1991). “Effective bandwidths at multi-type queues”. Queueing Syst., Vol. 9, No. 1/2, pp. 5–15.

[10]. Access, E.U.T.R. (2010). “Further advancements for EUTRA physical layer aspects”. 3GPP TR 36.814, Tech. Rep.

[11]. Liu, Lingjia, Runhua Chen, Stefan Geirhofer, Krishna Sayana, Zhihua Shi, and Yongxing Zhou, (2012). “Downlink MIMO in LTE-Advanced: SU-MIMO vs. MUMIMO”. IEEE Commun. Mag., Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 140–147.

i-manager's Journal on Mobile Applications and Technologies (JMT)

Current Issue Vol. 11 Issue 1

Most Read

Most Cited

Volume 3 Issue 2 May - July 2016

Optimal Algorithm for Estimation of Mobile Users Direction in 5G LTE

Yasmine Mazin Tabra* , Bayan Mahdi Sabar**

* Lecturer, Department of Information & Communication, Information Engineering College, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq. ** Head, Department of Information & Communication, Information Engineering College, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq.

Tabra, Y.M., and Sabar, B.M. (2016). Optimal Algorithm for Estimation of Mobile Users Direction in 5G LTE. i-manager’s Journal on Mobile Applications and Technologies, 3(2), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.26634/jmt.3.2.13438

Abstract

References

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Miniaturized Multiband Inverted-F Antenna for Broken Metal RIM Mobile Phone Application

Durga* , Sudhanshu Verma**

Jaisawal, D.P., and Verma, S. (2016). Miniaturized Multiband Inverted-F Antenna for Broken Metal Rim Mobile Phone Application. i-manager’s Journal on Mobile Applications and Technologies, 3(2), 6-10. https://doi.org/10.26634/jmt.3.2.13439

Abstract

References

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Understanding and Optimization Techniques of Throughput Capacity for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

M.V. Rajesh* , T.V.S. Gireendranath**

Rajesh, M.V., Gireendranath,T.V.S., and Murthy, J.V.R. (2016). Understanding and Optimization Techniques of Throughput Capacity for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks. i-manager’s Journal on Mobile Applications and Technologies, 3(2), 11-18. https://doi.org/10.26634/jmt.3.2.13440

Abstract

References

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A Survey on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Routing Protocols

Abhilash Kumar M* , Rama Mohan Reddy A**

* Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Venkateswara University College of Engineering, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. ** Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Venkateswara University College of Engineering, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Kumar M.A., and Reddy A.R.M. (2016). A Survey on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Routing Protocols. i-manager’s Journal on Mobile Applications and Technologies, 3(2), 19-25. https://doi.org/10.26634/jmt.3.2.13441

Abstract

References

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A Novel Approach for Wireless Communication using Cognitive Radio

S. Suguna* , N. Keerthi**

*-** Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, C.R. Engineering College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Suguna, S., and Keerthi, N. (2016). A Novel Approach for Wireless Communication using Cognitive Radio. i-manager’s Journal on Mobile Applications and Technologies, 3(2), 26-32. https://doi.org/10.26634/jmt.3.2.13442

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

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* Lecturer, Department of Information & Communication, Information Engineering College, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq.

** Head, Department of Information & Communication, Information Engineering College, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq.