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i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems (JCS)

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Volume 6 Issue 3 May - July 2017

Research Paper

SMIER: An SVM and MCDA Based, Intelligent Approach for Enhanced Reliability in Wireless Sensor Networks

Mohammad Samadi Gharajeh* , Maryam Askari Zivayeki, Sareh Askari*

* Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

Department of Computer Engineering, Bostanabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bostanabad, Iran.

* Department of Computer Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

Gharajeh, M. S., Zivayeki, M. A., Askari, S. (2017). SMIER: An SVM and MCDA Based, Intelligent Approach For Enhanced Reliability In Wireless Sensor Networks. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 6(3), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.6.3.13611

Abstract

Reliability is one of the big challenges in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). It can be improved by using some of the intelligent and knowledge-based mechanisms, such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). This paper proposes an SVM and MCDA based, intelligent approach for enhanced reliability in WSNs, called SMIER. It is considered for a cluster-based sensor network in a way that every Cluster-Head (CH) selects one of its Non Cluster-Head (NCH) nodes as a backup node in a period of time. Initially, the suggested SVM algorithm determines failure probability of each NCH node based on number of events and average distance to events. Afterward, the suggested MCDA controller calculates success rate of the NCH node by using three parameters, including remaining energy, distance, and failure probability. Simulation results show that the proposed approach surpasses some of the existing works in terms of packet delivery ratio, number of alive nodes, and average remaining energy.

References

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[2].Alfadhly, A., Baroudi, U., & Younis, M. (2011, July). Least distance movement recovery approach for large scale wireless sensor and actor networks. In Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), 2011 7th International (pp. 2058-2063). IEEE.

[3].Ben-Hur, A., & Weston, J. (2010). A user’s guide to support vector machines. Data mining techniques for the life sciences, 223-239.

[4].Chen, X., Kim, Y. A., Wang, B., Wei, W., Shi, Z. J., & Song, Y. (2012). Fault-tolerant monitor placement for out-of-band wireless sensor network monitoring. Ad Hoc Networks, 10(1), 62-74.

[5].Cheng, P., Qi, Y., Xin, K., Chen, J., & Xie, L. (2016). Energy-efficient data forwarding for state estimation in multi-hop wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 61(5), 1322-1327.

[6].Cheraghlou, M. N., Babaie, S., & Samadi, M. (2012). LRC: Novel fault tolerant local re-clustering protocol for wireless sensor network. Journal of Computing, 4(8), 99-104.

[7].Dong, M., Ota, K., Liu, A., & Guo, M. (2016). Joint optimization of lifetime and transport delay under reliability constraint wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 27(1), 225-236.

[8].Fadel, E., Gungor, V. C., Nassef, L., Akkari, N., Malik, M. A., Almasri, S., & Akyildiz, I. F. (2015). A survey on wireless sensor networks for smart grid. Computer Communications, 71, 22-33.

[9].Geeta, D. D., Nalini, N., & Biradar, R. C. (2013). Fault tolerance in wireless sensor network using hand-off and dynamic power adjustment approach. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 36(4), 1174-1185.

[10].Gharajeh, M. S. (2016). Avoidance of the energy hole in wireless sensor networks using a layered-based routing tree. International Journal of Systems, Control and Communications, 7(2), 116-131.

[11].Gharajeh, M. S. (2016). SFRRP: 3D Fuzzy Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks”, in: Advances in Control and Mechatronic Systems. Volume: I. United Scholars Publications, pp. 87-108.

[12].Gharajeh, M. S., & Khanmohammadi, S. (2016). DFRTP: Dynamic 3D Fuzzy Routing Based on Traffic Probability in Wireless Sensor Networks. IET Wireless Sensor Systems, 6(6), 211-219.

[13].Gharajeh, M. S., Hassanzadeh, R., (2017). Improving the Fault Tolerance of Wireless Sensor Networks by a Weighted Criteria Matrix. The Mediterranean Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 1-6.

[14].Gharajeh, Mohammad Samadi. "Determining the State of the Sensor Nodes Based on Fuzzy Theory in WSNs." International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 9, no. 4 (2014): 419-429.

[15].Guo, D., & Xu, L. (2013). Leach clustering routing protocol for WSN. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Engineering and Applications (IEA) 2012 (pp. 153-160). Springer, London.

[16].Guo, S., He, L., Gu, Y., Jiang, B., & He, T. (2014). Opportunistic flooding in low-duty-cycle wireless sensor networks with unreliable links. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 63(11), 2787-2802.

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[18].Huang, P., Xiao, L., Soltani, S., Mutka, M. W., & Xi, N. (2013). The evolution of MAC protocols in wireless sensor networks: A survey. IEEE communications surveys & tutorials, 15(1), 101-120.

[19].Kumar, N., & Kaur, J. (2011, September). Improved leach protocol for wireless sensor networks. In Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), 2011 7th International Conference on (pp. 1-5). IEEE.

[20].Mahmood, M. A., Seah, W. K., & Welch, I. (2015). Reliability in wireless sensor networks: A survey and challenges ahead. Computer Networks, 79, 166-187.

[21].Munda, G. (2016). Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis and Sustainable Development. In Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (pp. 1235-1267). Springer New York.

[22].Rawat, P., Singh, K. D., Chaouchi, H., & Bonnin, J. M. (2014). Wireless sensor networks: a survey on recent developments and potential synergies. The Journal of supercomputing, 68(1), 1-48.

[23].Samadi Gharajeh, M., & Alizadeh, M. (2016). OPCA: Optimized Prioritized Congestion Avoidance and Control for Wireless Body Sensor Networks. International Journal of Sensors Wireless Communications and Control, 6(2), 118-128.

[24].Samadi Gharajeh, M., & Khanmohammadi, S. (2013). Static three-dimensional fuzzy routing based on the receiving probability in wireless sensor networks. Computers, 2(4), 152-175.

[25].Tyagi, S., & Kumar, N. (2013). A systematic review on clustering and routing techniques based upon LEACH protocol for wireless sensor networks. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 36(2), 623-645.

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Research Paper

Anti-jamming performance of adaptive chaos based CDMA system in flat fading environment with imperfect channel estimation

Meher Krishna Patel* , Stevan M. Berber, Kevin W. Sowerby*

* Research Scholar, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Auckland, New Zealand.

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at The University of Auckland, New Zealand.

* Region 10 Representative, IEEE Admission and Advancement Committee.

Patel, M. K., Berber, S. M., Sowerby, K. W. (2017). Anti-Jamming Performance of Adaptive Chaos Based CDMA System in Flat Fading Environment With Imperfect Channel Estimation i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 6(3), 9-14. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.6.3.13612

Abstract

This paper presents the theoretical anti-jamming performance of adaptive multiuser DS-CDMA system with imperfect channel estimation in flat fading channel environment. Pilot symbols are used to estimate the fading coefficients using Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm. Further, pilot data are added to users' data. Slow switching pulse noise jammer is considered in the work and the effect of imperfect channel estimation on Bit Error Rate (BER) is studied. It has been shown analytically that channel estimator reduces the phase distortion produced by channel, whereas amplitude distortion remains unaffected. Under the perfect synchronization assumption, probability of error in closed form is derived.

References

[1]. Berber, S. M. (2014). Probability of error derivatives for binary and chaos-based CDMA systems in wide-band channels. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 13(10), 5596-5606.

[2]. Coleri, S., Ergen, M., Puri, A., & Bahai, A. (2002). Channel estimation techniques based on pilot arrangement in OFDM systems. IEEE Transactions on broadcasting, 48(3), 223-229.

[3]. Coulon, M., & Roviras, D. (2009). Multi-user receivers for synchronous and asynchronous transmissions for chaos-based multiple-access systems. Signal Processing, 89(4), 583-598.

[4]. Ganesan, G., & Stoica, P. (2000). Space-time diversity using orthogonal and amicable orthogonal designs. In Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. ICASSP'00. Proceedings. 2000 IEEE International Conference on (Vol. 5, pp. 2561-2564). IEEE.

[5]. Guarnieri, S., Piazza, F., & Uncini, A. (1999). Multilayer feedforward networks with adaptive spline activation function. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 10(3), 672-683.

[6]. Haykin, S. (2001). Adaptive Filter Theory Prentice Hall, 4 th.

[7]. Jovic, B., Unsworth, C. P., Sandhu, G. S., & Berber, S. M. (2007). A robust sequence synchronization unit for multi-user DS-CDMA chaos-based communication systems. Signal Processing, 87(7), 1692-1708.

[8]. Kaddoum, G., Coulon, M., Roviras, D., & Chargé, P. (2010). Theoretical performance for asynchronous multi-user chaos-based communication systems on fading channels. Signal Processing, 90(11), 2923-2933.

[9]. Kaddoum, G., Roviras, D., Chargé, P., & Fournier-Prunaret, D. (2009). Robust synchronization for asynchronous multi-user chaos-based DS-CDMA. Signal Processing, 89(5), 807-818.

[10]. Kao, J. W. H., Berber, S. M., & Kecman, V. (2010). Blind multiuser detector for chaos-based CDMA using support vector machine. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 21(8), 1221-1231.

[11]. Lau, F. C. M., Ye, M., Tse, C. K., & Hau, S. F. (2002). Anti-jamming performance of chaotic digital communication systems. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, 49(10), 1486-1494.

[12]. Lau, F. C., & Chi, K. T. (2004). Performance of chaos-based digital communication systems in the presence of a pulsed-noise jammer. Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing, 23(3), 169-194.

[13]. Patel, M. K., Berber, S. M., & Sowerby, K. W. (2015). Adaptive RAKE receiver in chaos based pilot-added DS-CDMA system. Physical Communication, 16, 37-42.

[14]. Patel, M. K., Berber, S. M., & Sowerby, K. W. (2015). Performance analysis of adaptive chaos based CDMA system with antenna diversity in frequency selective channel. Wireless Personal Communications, 84(2), 1439-1448.

[15]. Patel, M. K., Berber, S. M., & Sowerby, K. W. (2017). Maximal Ratio Combining Using Channel Estimation in Chaos Based Pilot-Added DS-CDMA System with Antenna Diversity. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2017.

[16]. Patel, M. K., Berber, S. M., Sowerby, K. W. (2016). Bayesian channel estimation in chaos based multicarrier CDMA system under slowly varying frequency selective channel. International Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 10, pp. 62–68.

[17]. Tse, C. K., & Lau, F. C. M. (2003). Chaos-based digital communication systems. Operating Principles, Analysis Methods and Performance Evaluation (Springer Verlag, Berlin, 2004).

[18]. Vali, R., Berber, S. M., & Nguang, S. K. (2010). Effect of Rayleigh fading on non-coherent sequence synchronization for multi-user chaos based DS-CDMA. Signal Processing, 90(6), 1924-1939.

[19]. Yang, H. H., & Amari, S. I. (1997). Adaptive online learning algorithms for blind separation: maximum entropy and minimum mutual information. Neural computation, 9(7), 1457-1482.

[20]. Zancho, B. W., Larosa, C. P., Mallette, A., & Oliver, J. P. (2008). "Channel estimation in a rake receiver of a CDMA communication system." U.S. Patent 7,428,262, issued September 23.

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Research Paper

Design of circular ring-? shape Dual band Micro strip patch Antenna

Sumit Gupta* , Toolika Srivastava**

* PG Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, India.

** Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kanpur Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India.

Gupta, S., and Srivastava, T. (2017). Design of Circular Ring-? Shape Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 6(3), 15-19. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.6.3.13613

Abstract

Microstrip antennas are the stronger candidate among all the wireless applications. This paper proposes the designing and use of patch antenna with circular ring-π-shaped slot to achieve a dual band operation in WiMAX and WLAN standards. The circular ring-π slot designed on patch antenna resonates at 3.33 GHz and 5.06 GHz frequencies. The antenna consists of coaxial line-fed square patch embedded with a narrow and symmetrical circular π-shaped slot to generate such a dual-band resonance. The observed bandwidths are 6.32% and 1.28% at 3.33 GHz and 5.06 GHz, respectively. The generated return losses at these resonant frequencies are -19.84 dB and -21.74 dB.

References

[1]. Balanis, C. A. (2005). Antenna Theory Analysis And Design’, New Jersey John Willey & Sons. Inc, Publication.

[2]. Chakraborty, U., Kundu, A., Chowdhury, S. K., & Bhattacharjee, A. K. (2014). Compact dual-band microstrip antenna for IEEE 802.11 a WLAN application. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 13, 407-410.

[3]. Croq, F., & Pozar, D. M. (1991). Millimeter-wave design of wide-band aperture-coupled stacked microstrip antennas. IEEE Transactions on antennas and propagation, 39(12), 1770-1776.

[4]. Garg, R. (2001). Microstrip antenna design handbook. Artech house.

[5]. Ge, Y., Esselle, K. P., & Bird, T. S. (2004). E-shaped patch antennas for high-speed wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 52(12), 3213-3219.

[6]. Gosalia, K., & Lazzi, G. (2003). Reduced size, dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna for wireless communications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 51(9), 2182-2186.

[7]. Huynh, T., & Lee, K. F. (1995). Single-layer single-patch wideband microstrip antenna. Electronics letters, 31(16), 1310-1312.

[8]. Lee, K. F., & Chen, W. (Eds.). (1997). Advances in microstrip and printed antennas. Wiley.

[9]. Lee, K. F., Luk, K. M., Tong, K. F., Shum, S. M., Huynh, T., & Lee, R. Q. (1997). Experimental and simulation studies of the coaxially fed U-slot rectangular patch antenna. IEE Proceedings-Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, 144(5), 354-358.

[10]. Peng, L., Ruan, C. L., & Wu, X. H. (2010). Design and operation of dual/triple-band asymmetric M-shaped microstrip patch antennas. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 9, 1069-1072.

[11]. Sun, X.L., Lu. L Cheung, S.W. and Yuk T.I. (2010). Dualband antenna with compact radiator for 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN applications. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation, 5924–5931.

[12]. Yang, F., Zhang, X. X., Ye, X., & Rahmat-Samii, Y. (2001). Wide-band E-shaped patch antennas for wireless communications. IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation, 49(7), 1094-1100.

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Research Paper

Performance Analysis Of Millimeter Wave Generation Through Frequency 12-Tupling Using Mach-Zehnder Modulator in Radio Over Fiber System

Kuldeep Singh* , Ajay Kumar, Abhimanyu Nain*

* PG Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India.

-* Assistant Professor in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India.

Singh, K., Kumar, A., Nain, A. (2017). Performance Analysis of Millimeter Wave Generation Through Frequency 12-Tupling Using Mach-Zehnder Modulator In Radio Over Fiber System. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 6(3), 20-24. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.6.3.13614

Abstract

this paper, millimeter wave is generated through frequency 12-tupling concept using 10 GHz Radio Frequency Local Oscillator (RFLO) and parallel connected Dual Drive Mach-Zehnder Modulator (DD-MZM) in Radio-over-Fiber system (RoF). Two optical sidebands are generated by adjusting the voltage of the RF local oscillator, phase shift of the phase shifter and DC bias of DD-MZM. Optical sidebands have optical sideband suppression ratio 25 dB. There is no need of the optical filter in this model. The proposed scheme eliminates the need of extremely high frequency RF local oscillator. A simulative investigation is performed over a distance of 15 km and the output is analyzed in terms of BER, Q-factor, and eye diagrams. It is reported that the generated sixth order sideband supports good transmission up to the data rate of 2.5 Gbps.

References

[1]. Chen, Y., Wen, A., & Shang, L. (2010). Analysis of an optical mm-wave generation scheme with frequency octupling using two cascaded Mach–Zehnder modulators. Optics Communications, 283(24), 4933-4941.

[2]. Chen, H., Ning, T., Li, J., Pei, L., Zhang, C., & Yuan, J. (2015). Study on filterless frequency-tupling millimeter-wave generator with tunable optical carrier to sideband ratio. Optics Communications, 350, 128-134.

[3]. Gliese, U., Norskov, S., & Nielsen, T. N. (1996). Chromatic dispersion in fiber-optic microwave and millimeter-wave links. IEEE Transactions on microwave theory and techniques, 44(10), 1716-1724.

[4]. Goldberg, L., Taylor, H. F., Weller, J. F., & Bloom, D. M. (1983). Microwave signal generation with injection-locked laser diodes. Electronics Letters, 19(13), 491-493.

[5]. Járó, G., & Berceli, T. (2003). A new high-efficiency optical-microwave mixing approach. Journal of lightwave technology, 21(12), 3078.

[6]. Kondo, J., Aoki, K., Iwata, Y., Hamajima, A., Ejiri, T., Mitomi, O., & Minakata, M. (2005, October). 76-GHz Millimeter-Wave Generation Using MZ LiNbO 3 Modulator with Drive Voltage of 7 V pp and 19 GHz Signal Input. In Microwave Photonics, 2005. MWP 2005. International Topical Meeting on (pp. 1-4). IEEE.

[7]. Li, W., & Yao, J. (2010). Microwave generation based on optical domain microwave frequency octupling. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 22(1), 24-26.

[8]. Lin, C. T., Shih, P. T., Jiang, W. J., Chen, J. J., Peng, P. C., & Chi, S. (2009). A continuously tunable and filterless optical millimeter-wave generation via frequency octupling. Optics express, 17(22), 19749-19756.

[9]. Mohamed, M., Zhang, X., Hraimel, B., & Wu, K. (2008). Analysis of frequency quadrupling using a single Mach-Zehnder modulator for millimeter-wave generation and distribution over fiber systems. Optics express, 16(14), 10786-10802.

[10]. Qi, X., Liu, J., Zhang, X., & Xie, L. (2010). Fiber dispersion and nonlinearity influences on transmissions of AM and FM data modulation signals in radio-over-fiber system. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 46(8), 1170-1177.

[11]. Yu, J., Gu, J., Liu, X., Jia, Z., & Chang, G. K. (2005). Seamless integration of an 8/spl times/2.5 Gb/s WDM-PON and radio-over-fiber using all-optical up-conversion based on Raman-assisted FWM. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 17(9), 1986-1988.

[12]. Yu, J., Jia, Z., Wang, T., & Chang, G. K. (2007). Centralized lightwave radio-over-fiber system with photonic frequency quadrupling for high-frequency millimeter-wave generation. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 19(19), 1499-1501.

[13]. Yu, J., Huang, M. F., Jia, Z., Wang, T., & Chang, G. K. (2008). A novel scheme to generate single-sideband millimeter-wave signals by using low-frequency local oscillator signal. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 20(7), 478-480.

[14]. Zhu, Z., Zhao, S., Yao, Z., Tan, Q., Li, Y., Chu, X., & Zhang, X. (2012). Optical millimeter-wave signal generation by frequency quadrupling using one dual-drive Mach–Zehnder modulator to overcome chromatic dispersion. Optics Communications, 285(13), 3021-3026.

[15]. Zhu, Z., Zhao, S., Li, Y., Chu, X., Wang, X., & Zhao, G. (2013). A radio-over-fiber system with frequency 12-tupling optical millimeter-wave generation to overcome chromatic dispersion. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 49(11), 919-922.

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Research Paper

Simulation of Cantilever Force Sensor based on Ring Resonator structure

Anjali S. Sanghvi* , Vikas Sahu, Sharad Mohan Shrivastava*

* PG Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai, CG, India.

-* Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Bhilai, CG, India.

Sanghvi, A. S., Sahu, V., Shrivastava, S. M., (2017). Simulation of Cantilever Force Sensor Based on Ring Resonator Structure. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 6(3), 25-30. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.6.3.13615

Abstract

Optical sensors are being considered for lab-on-a-chip applications due to its small size, compatibility, and passive behaviour. Microcantilever based sensors have been demonstrated to be extremely versatile sensors and having its potential applications in chemical, biological, and physical sciences. This paper presents a platform in optical sensors mainly for hexagonal photonic crystals, which engenders high Quality Factor and Sensitivity. In this work, optical ring resonator has been integrated on cantilever beams for force sensing applications. Plane Wave Expansion, Finite Difference Time Domain method, and Finite Element Method have been used for simulations.

References

[1]. Fan, S., & Joannopoulos, J. D. (2002). Analysis of guided resonances in photonic crystal slabs. Physical Review B, 65(23), 235112.

[2]. Griffith, A., Cardenas, J., Poitras, C. B., & Lipson, M. (2012). High quality factor and high confinement silicon resonators using etchless process. Optics express, 20(19), 21341-21345.

[3]. Guryev, I. V., Sukhoivanov, I. A. (2009). Photonic Crystals (First Edition). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 15(2).

[4]. Ho, C. P., Li, B., Danner, A. J., & Lee, C. (2013). Design and modeling of 2-D photonic crystals based hexagonal triple-nano-ring resonators as biosensors. Microsystem technologies, 19(1), 53-60.

[5]. Hsiao, F. L., & Lee, C. (2009). Novel biosensor based on photonic crystal nano-ring resonator. Procedia Chemistry, 1(1), 417-420.

[6]. Hsiao, F. L., & Lee, C. (2010). Computational study of photonic crystals nano-ring resonator for biochemical sensing. IEEE Sensors Journal, 10(7), 1185-1191.

[7]. Hsiao, F. L., & Lee, C. (2011). Nanophotonic biosensors using hexagonal nanoring resonators: computational study. Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS, 10(1), 013001-013001.

[8]. Joannopoulos, J. D., Johnson, S. G., Winn, J. N., & Meade, R. D. (2011). Photonic crystals: molding the flow of light. Princeton university press.

[9]. Lee, C., & Thillaigovindan, J. (2009). Optical nanomechanical sensor using a silicon photonic crystal cantilever embedded with a nanocavity resonator. Applied optics, 48(10), 1797-1803.

[10]. Li, B., Hsiao, F. L., & Lee, C. (2010, August). Configuration analysis of sensing element for micro-cantilever sensor using dual nano-ring resonator. In Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics (OPT MEMS), 2010 International Conference on (pp. 181-182). IEEE.

[11]. Li, B., Hsiao, F. L., & Lee, C. (2011). Configuration analysis of sensing element for photonic crystal based NEMS cantilever using dual nano-ring resonator. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 169(2), 352-361.

[12]. Mai, T. T., Hsiao, F. L., Lee, C., Xiang, W., Chen, C. C., & Choi, W. K. (2011). Optimization and comparison of photonic crystal resonators for silicon microcantilever sensors. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 165(1), 16-25.

[13]. Robinson, S. (2014, October). Photonic crystal ring resonator based optical filters for photonic integrated circuits. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 1620, No. 1, pp. 131-138). AIP.

[14]. Sanghvi, A. S., Sahu, V., Shrivastava, S. M., & Bhadra, A. (2016). Cantilever Force Sensor based on Photonic Crystals Ring Resonator: A Review. i-Manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 5(4), 36.

[15]. Sharma, P., Gudagunti, F. D., & Sharan, P. (2014). An analysis of quality factor for different bio-analytes by using photonic crystal based sensor. In Advanced Communication Control and Computing Technologies (ICACCCT), 2014 International Conference on (pp. 924-928). IEEE.

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Research Paper

High Spatial Multiplicity Enhancement for Dense SDM Using Multi-Core Few-Mode or Multi-Mode Fiber

Nirmala Tirkey* , Vikas Sahu, Sharad Mohan Shrivastava*

* PG Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shri Shankracharya Technical Campus, Bhilai, CG, India.

-* Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Shri Shankracharya Technical Campus, Bhilai, CG, India.

Tirkey, N., Sahu, V., Shrivastava, S. M., (2017). High Spatial Multiplicity Enhancement for Dense SDM Using Multi-Core Few-Mode Or Multi-Mode Fiber. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 6(3), 31-38. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.6.3.13616

Abstract

The authors review the recent progress of Dense Space Division Multiplexing (DSDM) technologies using few-mode or multi-mode and multi-core fibers in this paper. It is shown that DSDM with high spatial density and large spatial multiplicity is effective for greatly expanding transmission capacity. In order to expand the capacity of the optical system, it has accelerated the development of high capacity DSDM transmission. The main objective of this project is to deploy a24 multi core fiber with 6 multi mode, thus achieving the high spatial channel count up to (N×M=144). An analysis has been carried out for low crosstalk (XT) and low differential mode delay. Also it has been observed for confinement electric field, effective mode index (n ), bending radius (R), core pitch (Δ), coupling coefficient (k).

References

[1]. Abedin, K. S., Taunay, T. F., Fishteyn, M., Yan, M. F., Zhu, B., Fini, J. M., ... & Wisk, P. W. (2011). Amplification and noise properties of an erbium-doped multicore fiber amplifier. Optics express, 19(17), 16715-16721.

[2]. Essiambre, R. J., Kramer, G., Winzer, P. J., Foschini, G. J., & Goebel, B. (2010). Capacity limits of optical fiber networks. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 28(4), 662-701.

[3]. Matsuo, S., Takenaga, K., Sasaki, Y., Amma, Y., Saito, S., Saitoh, K., ... & Miyamoto, Y. (2016). High-spatial-multiplicity multicore fibers for future dense space-division-multiplexing systems. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 34(6), 1464-1475.

[4]. Miyamoto, Y., Takenouchi, H. (2016). Dense Space division multiplexing Optical Communications Technology for Petabits/0000s Class Transmission. NTT Technical Review

[5]. Mizuno, T., Kobayashi, T., Takara, H., Sano, A., Kawakami, H., Nakagawa, T., ... & Sakamoto, T. (2014, March). 12-core x 3-mode dense space division multiplexed transmission over 40 km employing multi-carrier signals with parallel MIMO equalization. In Optical Fiber Communication Conference (pp. Th5B-2). Optical Society of America.

[6]. Mizuno, T., Takara, H., Sano, A., & Miyamoto, Y. (2015, March). Dense space division multiplexed transmission over multi-core and multi-mode fiber. In Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC), 2015 (pp. 1-3). IEEE.

[7]. Mizuno, T., Takara, H., Sano, A., & Miyamoto, Y. (2015, October). High capacity dense SDM transmission using multi-core few-mode fiber. In Photonics Conference (IPC), 2015 (pp. 259-260). IEEE.

[8]. Mizuno, T., Takara, H., Sano, A., & Miyamoto, Y. (2016). Dense space-division multiplexed transmission systems using multi-core and multi-mode fiber. Journal of lightwave technology, 34(2), 582-592

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i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems (JCS)

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Volume 6 Issue 3 May - July 2017

SMIER: An SVM and MCDA Based, Intelligent Approach for Enhanced Reliability in Wireless Sensor Networks

Mohammad Samadi Gharajeh* , Maryam Askari Zivayeki**, Sareh Askari***

* Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. ** Department of Computer Engineering, Bostanabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bostanabad, Iran. *** Department of Computer Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

Gharajeh, M. S., Zivayeki, M. A., Askari, S. (2017). SMIER: An SVM and MCDA Based, Intelligent Approach For Enhanced Reliability In Wireless Sensor Networks. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 6(3), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.6.3.13611

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Anti-jamming performance of adaptive chaos based CDMA system in flat fading environment with imperfect channel estimation

Meher Krishna Patel* , Stevan M. Berber**, Kevin W. Sowerby***

* Research Scholar, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Auckland, New Zealand. ** Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at The University of Auckland, New Zealand. *** Region 10 Representative, IEEE Admission and Advancement Committee.

Patel, M. K., Berber, S. M., Sowerby, K. W. (2017). Anti-Jamming Performance of Adaptive Chaos Based CDMA System in Flat Fading Environment With Imperfect Channel Estimation i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 6(3), 9-14. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.6.3.13612

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Design of circular ring-? shape Dual band Micro strip patch Antenna

Sumit Gupta* , Toolika Srivastava**

* PG Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, India. ** Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kanpur Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India.

Gupta, S., and Srivastava, T. (2017). Design of Circular Ring-? Shape Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 6(3), 15-19. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.6.3.13613

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Performance Analysis Of Millimeter Wave Generation Through Frequency 12-Tupling Using Mach-Zehnder Modulator in Radio Over Fiber System

Kuldeep Singh* , Ajay Kumar**, Abhimanyu Nain***

* PG Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India. **-*** Assistant Professor in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India.

Singh, K., Kumar, A., Nain, A. (2017). Performance Analysis of Millimeter Wave Generation Through Frequency 12-Tupling Using Mach-Zehnder Modulator In Radio Over Fiber System. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 6(3), 20-24. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.6.3.13614

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Simulation of Cantilever Force Sensor based on Ring Resonator structure

Anjali S. Sanghvi* , Vikas Sahu**, Sharad Mohan Shrivastava***

Sanghvi, A. S., Sahu, V., Shrivastava, S. M., (2017). Simulation of Cantilever Force Sensor Based on Ring Resonator Structure. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 6(3), 25-30. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.6.3.13615

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High Spatial Multiplicity Enhancement for Dense SDM Using Multi-Core Few-Mode or Multi-Mode Fiber

Nirmala Tirkey* , Vikas Sahu**, Sharad Mohan Shrivastava***

* PG Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shri Shankracharya Technical Campus, Bhilai, CG, India. **-*** Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Shri Shankracharya Technical Campus, Bhilai, CG, India.

Tirkey, N., Sahu, V., Shrivastava, S. M., (2017). High Spatial Multiplicity Enhancement for Dense SDM Using Multi-Core Few-Mode Or Multi-Mode Fiber. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 6(3), 31-38. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.6.3.13616

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Mohammad Samadi Gharajeh* , Maryam Askari Zivayeki, Sareh Askari*

* Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

Department of Computer Engineering, Bostanabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bostanabad, Iran.

* Department of Computer Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

Meher Krishna Patel* , Stevan M. Berber, Kevin W. Sowerby*

* Research Scholar, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Auckland, New Zealand.

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at The University of Auckland, New Zealand.

* Region 10 Representative, IEEE Admission and Advancement Committee.

* PG Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, India.

** Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kanpur Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India.

Kuldeep Singh* , Ajay Kumar, Abhimanyu Nain*

* PG Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India.

-* Assistant Professor in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India.

Anjali S. Sanghvi* , Vikas Sahu, Sharad Mohan Shrivastava*

Nirmala Tirkey* , Vikas Sahu, Sharad Mohan Shrivastava*

* PG Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shri Shankracharya Technical Campus, Bhilai, CG, India.

-* Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Shri Shankracharya Technical Campus, Bhilai, CG, India.