i-manager Publications

i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems (JCS)

Current Issue Vol. 13 Issue 2

Design and Development of Patient Care Voice Actuated Bed in Hospital
A Low Profile Dual U Shaped Monopole Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX/C Band Applications
A Miniaturized Dual L Shaped with Truncated Ground Rectangular Monopole Antenna for 5G and Wireless Communications
A Centre C-Shaped Dual Band Rectangular Monopole Antenna for Wi-Fi and Wireless Communication
Impact of Subchannel Symbol Rates on WSS Filtering Penalty in Elastic Optical Networks: A Comparative Study

Most Cited

Volume 6 Issue 2 February - April 2017

Research Paper

Design an ACS-Fed Multi Band Antenna for WirelessApplications Using Defected Ground Structure

Shubhi Shukla* , G.S. Tripathi, Pooja Lohia*

* PG Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Uttar Pradesh, Gorakhpur, India.

Head, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Uttar Pradesh, Gorakhpur, India.

* Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Uttar Pradesh, Gorakhpur, India.

Shukla, S., Tripathi, G. S., and Lohia, P. (2017). Design an ACS-Fed Multi Band Antenna for Wireless Applications Using Defected Ground Structure. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems , 6(2), pp. 1-4. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.6.2.13454

Abstract

In this paper, an ACS-fed Multiband antenna is presented. The resulting antenna resonates at 2.4 GHz, 3.5 GHz, 5.5 GHz 2 covering the WLAN and WiMAX operation bands. The overall dimensions of antenna is 19×21 mm printed on FR4 substrate material of 4.4 dielectric constant and 1.6 mm thickness. The proposed antenna follows the uncomplicated design, compactness, and easy fabrication. The details of antenna and results are discussed in this work. The antenna is designed using HFSS v13.

References

[1]. Z.N. Chen, (2007). Antennas for Portable Devices. Wiley, England, pp. 1–52.

[2]. J.Y. Jan, and L.C. Tseng, (2004). “Small planar monopole antenna with a shorted parasitic inverted-L wire for wireless communications in the 2.4, 5.2, and 5.8 GHz bands”. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation, Vol.52, No.7, pp.1903–1905.

[3]. Y.J. Cho, Y.S. Shin, and S.O. Park, (2006). “Dual-band internal WLAN antenna for 2.4/5 GHz laptop PC applications”. Microwave Opt. Technology Lett., Vol.48, No.11, pp. 2349–2354.

[4]. C.M. Wu, (2007). “Dual-band CPW-fed cross-slot monopole antenna for WLAN operation”. IET Microwave Antennas Propagagation, Vol.1, No.2, pp.542-546.

[5]. Ansal K.A., and T. Shanmugantham, (2013). “A Novel asymmetric coplanar strip antenna for dual band applications”. 2013 Fourth International Conference on Computing, Communications and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), Tiruchengode, 2013, pp. 1-4.

[6]. Ansal K.A., and T. Shanmugantham, (2013). “Asymmetric coplanar strip fed antenna with defected ground for wireless application”. International Conference of Control Communication and Computing (ICCC), IEEE, pp. 249-252.

[7]. Chow-Yen-Desmond Sim, (2008). “Dual band CPW fed monopole antenna with asymmetrical ground plane for bandwidth enhancement”. Microwave and Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 50, No.11, pp.3001-3004.

[8]. V. Deepu, R.K. Raj, M. Joseph, M.N. Suma, and P. Mohanan, (2007). “Compact asymmetric coplanar strip fed monopole antenna for multiband application”. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation, Vol.55, No.8, pp.2351–2357.

[9]. Yue Song, and Yong Chang Jiao, (2008). “Compact slot antenna fed by asymmetric coplanar strip for 2.4/5 GHz WLAN operations”. Microwave and Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol.50, No.12, pp.3080-3083.

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Research Paper

Design of Close Loop Dual-Band BPF Using CascadedOpen Loop Triangular Ring Resonator Loaded With Open Stubs

Yatindra Gaurav* , R. K. Chauhan**

* Research Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

** Associate Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Gaurav, Y., and Chauhan, R.K. (2017). Design of Close Loop Dual-Band BPF Using Cascaded Open Loop Triangular Ring Resonator Loaded With Open Stubs. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 6(2), 5-10. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.6.2.13459

Abstract

A new compact and planar design for dual band Band Pass Filter (BPF) is proposed. The proposed BPF is a cascaded design of open loop triangular resonator such that it forms a closed loop. Stubs are added to the resonator to improve sparameter performance of the design. Coupled resonator theory is introduced for cascade open loop triangular ring resonator with coupled stub at its open loop area to improve the rejection performance of the filter. Experimental results validate the simulated values extracted by Agilent ADS.

References

[1]. J.S. Hong, and M.J. Lancaster, (2001). Microstrip Filters for RF/Microwave Applications. New York: Wiley.

[2]. D.M. Pozar, (2005). Microwave Engineering, 3^rd ed. New York: Wiley.

[3]. Z.B. Wang, S.J. Gao, F. Nasri, and C.W. Park, (2011). “High power added efficiency power amplifier with harmonic controlled by UWB filter with notched band at 6.42 GHz”. In Proc. IEEE 12^th Annual Wireless and Microwave Technology Conf. (WAMICON), pp. 1-4.

[4]. Y.T. Lee, J. Lee, and S. Nam, (2005). “A new phase noise reduction method of oscillator by loaded Q improvement using dual feedback topology”. IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 39-41.

[5]. Y.J. Ren, M.F. Farooqui, and K. Chang, (2007). “A compact dual-frequency rectifying antenna with highorders harmonic-rejection”. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 55, No. 7, pp. 2110-2113.

[6]. S.B. Cohn, (1958). “Parallel-coupled transmission-lineresonator filters”. IRE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 223-231.

[7]. S. Sun, and L. Zhu, (2005). “Periodically nonuniform coupled microstrip-line filters with harmonic suppression using transmission zero reallocation”. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 53, No. 5, pp. 1817-1822.

[8]. J.T. Kuo, M. Jiang, and H.J. Chang, (2004). “Design of parallel-coupled microstrip filters with suppression of spurious resonances using substrate suspension”. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 83-89.

[9]. J.S. Hong, and M.J. Lancaster, (1998). “Cross-coupled microstrip hairpin-resonator filters”. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 118-122.

[10]. L.H. Hsieh, and K. Chang, (2002). “Slow-wave bandpass filters using ring or stepped-impedance hairpin resonators”. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 50, No. 7, pp. 1795-1800.

[11]. E.G. Cristal, and S. Frankel, (1972). “Hairpin-line and hybrid hairpin-line/halfwave parallel-coupled-line filters”. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 20, No. 11, pp. 719- 728.

[12]. L.H. Hsieh, and K. Chang, (2003). “Tunable microstrip bandpass filters with two transmission zeros”. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 520-525.

[13]. G.L. Dai, X.Y. Zhang, C.H. Chan, Q. Xue, and M.Y. Xia, (2009). “An investigation of open-and short-ended resonators and their applications to bandpass filters”. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 57, No. 9, pp. 2203-2210.

[14]. S.C. Lin, C.H. Wang, Y.S. Lin, and C.H. Chen, (2006). “Dual quarter wavelength hairpin bandpass filter with multiple transmission zeros”. In Proc. 2006 IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp., Dig., pp. 361-364.

[15]. Y.C. Li, X.Y. Zhang, and Q. Xue, (2010). “Bandpass filter using discriminating coupling for extended out-of-band suppression”. IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., Vol. 20, No. 7, pp. 369-371.

[16]. Q. Xue, K.M. Shum, and C.H. Chan, (2000). “Novel 1-D microstrip PBG cells”. IEEE Microw. Guided Wave Lett., Vol. 10, No. 10, pp. 403-405.

[17]. J.S. Hong, and M.J. Lancaster, (1996). “Couplings of microstrip square openloop resonators for cross-coupled planar microwave filters”. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 44, No. 11, pp. 2099-2109.

[18]. J.S. Hong, and M.J. Lancaster, (1998). “Crosscoupled microstrip hairpin-resonator filters”. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 118-122.

[19]. D. Ni, Y. Zhu, and Y. Xie, (2006). “Design of hexagonal filter with source-load coupling”. Electron. Lett., Vol. 42, No. 23, pp. 1355-1357.

[20]. X.C. Zhang, Z.Y. Yu, and J. Xu, (2008). “Design of microstrip dual-mode filters based on source-load coupling”. IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., Vol. 18, No. 10, pp. 677-679.

[21]. S. Sun, and L. Zhu, (2005). “Compact dual-band microstrip bandpass filter without external feeds”. IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., Vol.15, No. 10, pp. 644- 646.

[22]. C.Y. Chen, C.Y. Hsu, and H.R. Chuang, (2006). “Design of miniature planar dual-band filter using dual-feeding structures and embedded resonators”. IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., Vol. 16, No. 12, pp. 669-671.

[23]. X.Y. Zhang, and Q. Xue, (2007). “Novel dual-mode dual-band filters using coplanar-waveguide-fed ring resonators”. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 55, No. 10, pp. 2183-2190.

[24]. Q.X. Chu, and F.C. Chen, (2008). “A compact dualband bandpass filter using meandering stepped impedance resonators”. IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 320-322.

[25]. S. Fu, B. Wu, J. Chen, S.J. Sun, and C.H. Liang, (2012). “Novel second-order dual-mode dual-band filters using capacitance loaded square loop resonator”. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 60, No. 3, pp. 477-483.

[26]. Yatindra Gaurav, and R.K. Chauhan, (2017). “Design of Triple Band Bandpass Filter using Two Coupled Open Loop Triangular Ring Resonators Loaded with Stub”. International Journal of Advances in Microwave Technology, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 85-88.

[27]. Yatindra Gaurav, and R.K. Chauhan, (2017). “Design of BPF using Pseudo-Interdigital Structure for Impedance Bandwidth enhancement of Monopole Antenna for UWB Application”. International Journal of Electronics Engineering Research, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 37-55.

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Research Paper

Single Feed Inverted U-Shaped Triple-Band Printed Circularly Polarized Antenna for X-Band Applications

Saurabh Singh Patel* , Sudhanshu Verma**

* PG Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India.

** Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Patel, S.S., and Verma, S. (2017). Single Feed Inverted U-Shaped Triple-Band Printed Circularly Polarized Antenna for X-Band Applications. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 6(2), 11-14. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.6.2.13461

Abstract

In this paper, a small-size inverted U-shaped structure is presented for designing a triple-band Circularly Polarized (CP) antenna which has a single metallic layer. A micro-strip Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) feed is given. The proposed antenna has a rectangular ground plane and a radiating patch that has an inverted U-shaped, and inverted L-shaped structure that creates three bands in X-band operating at 8.0 / 9.2 / 9.7 GHz frequency bands and has less than -10 dB returnloss bandwidths. The antenna also provides CP modes at 7.1 / 8.5 / 9.9 GHz. The 3 dB axial-ratio bandwidths are 486 MHz centered at 7.1 GHz, 178 MHz centered at 8.5 GHz, and 190 MHz centered at 9.9 GHz. The proposed antenna operates at frequencies 8.0 / 9.2 / 9.7 GHz with VSWR<2.

References

[1]. Pan Y.M., Leung K.W., and Lu, K., (2012). “Omnidirectional linearly and circularly polarized rectangular dielectric resonance antennas”. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 60, No. 2, pp. 751–759.

[2]. Cai Y.M., Gao S., Yin Y., Li W., and Luo Q. (2016). “Compact-Size Low-Profile Wideband Circularly Polarized Omnidirectional Patch Antenna with Reconfigurable Polarizations”. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 64, No. 5, pp. 2016-2021.

[3]. Khan M., Yang Z., and Warnick K., (2014). “Dual- Circular-Polarized High-Efficiency Antenna for Ku-Band Satellite Communication”. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., Vol. 13, pp. 1624-1627.

[4]. Luo Q., Gao S., and Zhang L., (2015). “Wideband multilayer dual circularly-polarized antenna for array application”. Electron. Lett., Vol.51, No.25, pp.2087-2089.

[5]. Li, W.M., Liu, B., and Zhao, H.W., (2014). “The U-Shaped Structure in Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Slot Antenna Design”. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., Vol.13, pp.447- 450.

[6]. He M., Ye X., and Zhou P., (2015). “A Small-Size Dual- Feed Broadband Circularly Polarized U-Slot Patch Antenna”. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., Vol.14, pp.898-901.

[7]. Chang T.N., and Lin J.M., (2014). “Corner-fed dualband circularly polarised antenna”. IET Microw. Antennas Propag., Vol. 8, No. 15, pp. 1423–1431.

[8]. Sze, J.Y., Hsu, C.I.G., Chen, Z.W., and Chang, C.C., (2010). “Broadband CPW-fed circularly polarized square slot antenna with lighting-shaped feed–line and inverted-L grounded strips”. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol.58, pp.973-977.

[9]. J. Pourahmadazar., C. Ghobadi, J. Nourinia, N. Felegari, and H. Shirzad, (2011). “Broadband CPW- fed circularly polarized square slot antenna with inverted L strips for UWB applications”. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propoag. Lett., Vol.10, pp.369-372.

[10]. Baek J.G., and Hwang K.C., (2013). “Triple-Band Unidirectional Circularly Polarized Hexagonal Slot Antenna with Multiple L-Shaped Slits”. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol.61, No.9, pp.4831-4835.

[11]. Chen C., and Yung, E.K.N. (2009). “Dual-band dual sense circularly-polarized CPW-fed slot antenna with two spiral slots loaded”. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 57, No.6, pp1829-1833.

[12]. Liang W., Jiao Y.C., Luan Y., Tian C., (2015). “A dual band circularly polarized complementary antenna”. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., Vol.14, pp.1153–1156.

[13]. Jan J.Y., Pan C.Y., Chiu K.Y., and Chen H.M., (2013). “Broadband CPW- fed circularly polarized slot antenna with an open slot”. IEEE Transactions on Antennas Propagation, Vol.61, No.3, pp.1418-1422.

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Research Paper

Square Shape Ultrawideband Antenna for Triple BandNotch Characteristics by Using Notch at Ground Plane

Upasana Verma* , Sudhanshu Verma**

* PG Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

** Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Verma, U., and Verma, S. (2017). Square Shape Ultrawideband Antenna for Triple Band Notch Characteristics by Using Notch at Ground Plane. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 6(2), 15-19. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.6.2.13469

Abstract

This paper represents the compact Ultra Wide Band antenna with notch characteristics. The proposed antenna consists of stubs, slots, and strips to create the notch characteristics. To reduce the size of antenna and to get the better rejection characteristics, it uses notches at the ground structure and slot techniques. This antenna is used to eliminate the potential interference caused by narrow band services along with reduction in size of antenna. This antenna uses T-shaped stub, inverted U-shaped strips near the feedline, and T-shaped slot at the edge of patch. VSWR of antenna without notch band is nearly equal to 2. This antenna gives the rejection for WiMAX band (3.3-3.7 GHz), WLAN band (5.725-5.825 GHz), and Xband satellite communication (7.250-7.745 GHz).

References

[1]. Federal Communications Commission (FCC). “Revision of Part 15 of the Commission's Rules Regarding Ultra- Wideband Transmission Systems FCC”. FCC Technical Report, ET-Docket FCC02-48, February 2002, pp. 98-153.

[2]. J. Liu, S. Gong, Y. Xu, X. Zhang, C. Feng, and N. Qi, (2008). “Compact printed ultra-wideband monopole antenna with dual band-notched characteristics”. In Electronics Letters, Vol.44, No.12, pp.710-711.

[3]. Y. Deng, Y.Z. Yin, S.G. Zhou, and Q. Z. Liu, (2008). “Compact ultra-wideband antenna with tri-band notched characteristic”. In Electronics Letters, Vol.44, No.21, pp.1231-1233.

[4]. Y.S. Li, X.D. Yang, C.Y. Liu, and T. Jiang, (2010). “Compact CPW-fed ultra-wideband antenna with bandnotched characteristic”. In Electronics Letters, Vol.46, No.23, pp.1533-1534.

[5]. X.J. Liao, H.C. Yang, N. Han, and Y. Li, (2011). “Aperture UWB antenna with triple band-notched characteristics”. In Electronics Letters, Vol.47, No.2, pp.77-79.

[6]. C.Y. Huang, S.A. Huang, and C.F. Yang, (2008). “Bandnotched ultra-wideband circular slot antenna with inverted c-shaped parasitic strip”. In Electronics Letters, Vol.44, No.15, pp.891-892.

[7]. Natarajamani, S., Behera, S.K., and Patra, (2012). “A triple band-notched planar monopole antenna for ultrawideband applications”. In Microwave and Optical Technology Letter, Vol.54, No.2, pp.539-543.

[8]. N. Ojaroudi, and M. Ojaroudi, (2013). “Novel Design of Dual Band-Notched Monopole Antenna with Bandwidth Enhancement for UWB Applications”. In IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol.12, No.1, pp.698-701.

[9]. Chaabane Abdelhalim and Djahli Farid, (2014). “A Compact Planar UWB Antenna with Triple Controllable Band-Notched Characteristics”. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol.2014, Article Id 848062.

[10] . S.M. Abbas, Y. Ranga, A.K. Verma and K.P. Esselle, (2014). “A Simple Ultra Wideband Printed Monopole Antenna with High Band Rejection and Wide Radiation Patterns”. In IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol.62, No.9, pp.4816-4820.

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Research Paper

Miniaturised Dual–Band Bandstop Filter Using HookShaped Stepped Impedance Resonator for WLANApplications

Ankita Srivastava* , Sudhanshu Verma**

* PG Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

** Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Srivastava, A., and Verma, S. (2017). Miniaturised Dual–Band Bandstop Filter Using Hook Shaped Stepped Impedance Resonator for WLAN Applications. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 6(2), 20-25. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.6.2.13470

Abstract

This paper presents a dual-band bandstop filter by using two hook shaped stepped impedance resonator. The filter structure consists of main transmission line and two three-section stepped impedance resonators are connected to this line. Transmission line contains two open stubs to give improved passband return loss and rejection bandwidth. The resonant frequency and bandwidth of the filter can be flexibly controlled by changing the length and position of high-Z and low-Z segments. The design modeling and methodology are also delivered for the efficient design. Two center frequencies at 2.2 GHz and 5.2 GHz is present with rejection level upto 54 dB.The FR4 epoxy material has been used for the design having dielectric permittivity of 4.4 and a thickness of 0.8 mm, which is easily available in market with nominal cost.

References

[1] H. Uchida, H. Kamino, K. Totani, N. Yoneda, M. Miyazaki, Y. Konishi, S. Makino, J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando, (2004). “ Dual-band-rejection filter for distortion reduction in RF transmitters”. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol.52, No.11, pp.2550-2556.

[2]. C.H. Tseng, and T. Itoh, (2006). “Dual-band bandpass and bandstop filters using composite right/left-handed metamaterial transmission lines”. IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., pp.931-934.

[3]. R.J. Cameron, M. Yu, and Y. Wang, (2005). “Directcoupled microwave filters with single and dual stopbands”. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol.53, No.11, pp.3288- 3297.

[4]. H. Zhang, and K.J. Chen, (2006). “Miniaturized coplanar waveguide bandpass filter using multisection stepped-impedance resonators”. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol.54, No.3, pp.1090-1095.

[5]. K.S. Chin, and J.H. Yeh, (2009). “Dual-wideband bandpass filter using short-circuited stepped-impedance resonator”. IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., Vol.19, No.3, pp.155-157.

[6]. K.S. Chin, J.H. Yeh, and S.H. Chao, (2007). “Compact dual-band bandstop filters using stepped-impedance resonators”. IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., Vol.17, No.12, pp.849-851.

[7]. F.C. Chen, J.M. Qiu, and Q.X. Chu, (2013). “Dual-Band Bandstop Filter using stub-loaded resonator with sharp rejection characteristic”. Electronics Letter, Vol.49, No.5, pp.351-353.

[8]. K.S. Chin, and C.K. Lung, (2009). “Miniaturized microstrip dual-band bandstop filters using tri-section stepped impedance resonators ”. Progress in Electromagnetics Research C, Vol.10, pp.37-48.

[9]. C.M. Tsai, H.M. Lee, and C.C. Tsai, (2005). “Planar filter design with fully controllable second passband”. IEEE Trans. on Micro. Theory and Tech., Vol.53, No.11, pp.3429-3439.

[10]. Z. Ma., K. Kikuchi, Y. Kobayashi, T. Anada, and G. Hagiwara, (2007). “Novel microstrip dual-band bandstop filter with controllable dual-stopband-response”. In Proc. Asia-Pacific Microw. Conf., pp.1177-1180.

rd [11]. D.M. Pozar, (2005). Microwave Engineering, 3 ed. New York: Wiley.

[12]. G.L. Mattaei, L. Young, and E.M.T. Johns, (1980). Microwave Filters, Impedance Matching Network, and Coupling Structures. Artech House, Norwood MA, 1980.

[13]. D. Kumar, and A. De, (2013). “Effective Size Reduction Technique for Microstrip Filters”. Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications, Vol.5, pp.166-174.

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Research Paper

Design of Miniaturized Metamaterial Circular PatchAntennas Using A 4x4 Array Split Ring ResonatorFor Bio-Medical Applications

C. Keerthi* , G. Guru Prasad, R. Nagendra*, S. Mehtaj Begum****

* PG Scholar, Department of Electronics Communication Engineering, Sri Vidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupati, India.

-** Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics Communication Engineering, Sri Vidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupati, India.

Keerthi, C., Prasad, G.G., Nagendra, R., and Begum, S.M. (2017). Design of Miniaturized Metamaterial Circular Patch Antennas Using A 4x4 Array Split Ring Resonator for Bio-Medical Applications. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 6(2), 26-32. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.6.2.13471

Abstract

Metamaterials are artificial structures and their electromagnetic properties are not present in nature. Employing metamaterials in microstrip antenna substrate will result in the improvement of the antenna parameters like bandwidth, gain, efficiency, etc. A novel design of metamaterial is considered in order to miniaturize a circular microstrip patch antenna. Metamaterial is composed of two nested split hexagons and it is located on a 10 x 10 mm Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate with 0.7874 mm thickness and dielectric constant value of 2.2. Here 4 x 4 array of such nested split hexagons is placed on the patch antenna substrate. By using the metamaterial in the antenna structure, the dimension of this proposed antenna is reduced to both half and quadrature compared to a microstrip patch antenna. Here the circular patch antennas loaded by an homogeneous substrate partially filled with negative metamaterials. Metamaterial is preferred because it supports a resounding radiating mode, even if the total size of the radiator is significantly smaller than the wavelength of operation. Here HFSS Software is used for simulation.

References

[1]. Arul Kumar, Nithin Kumar, and S.C. Guptha, (2014). “Review on Microstrip Patch Antenna using Metamaterial”. International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science, Vol.2, No.4, pp. 678-682.

[2]. L.J. Xu, Y.X. Guo, and Wu, (2015). “Miniaturized Circularly Polarized Loop Antenna for Biomedical applications”. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, Vol.63, No.3, pp.922-930.

[3]. N. Ripin, W.M.A.W. Saidy, A.A. Sulaiman, N.E.A. Rashid, and M.F Hussin, (2013). “Miniaturization of microstrip patch antenna through metamaterial approach”. IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD), pp.365-369.

[4]. Y. Dong, H. Toyao, and T. Itoh, (2012). “Design and Characterization of Miniaturized Patch Antennas Loaded with Complementatory Split-Ring Resonators”. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 60, No. 2, pp.772-785.

[5]. Vikas Gupta, and B.S. Dhaliwal, (2012). “Performance Enhancement of Rectangular Microstrip patch antenna loading complementatory Split-Ring Resonator in the patch”. International Journal of Electronics Engineering, Noida, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 141-143.

[6]. H. Nornnikman, and B.H. Ahmad, (2012). “Effect of Single on Microstrip Patch Antenna Design”. IEEE Symposium on Wireless Technology and Applications (ISWTA), Bandung, Indonesia, pp. 239-244.

[7]. Ankit Samadhiya, and Rahul Dev Varma, (2012). “Design of SSRR based Metamaterial in Patch Antenna Parameters with Negative µ and Î”. International Conference on Electronic Communication & Instrumentation, Jhansi UP, pp.6-7.

[8]. A. Dhouibi, S.N. Burokur, and A. Lautrec, (2012). “Compact Meta material-Based Substrate-Integrated Luneburg Lens Antenna”. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol.11, pp.1504-1507.

[9]. Akhoondzadeh-Asl, P.S. Hall, and Y. Nechayev, (2010). “Novel conformal surface Wave loop Antenna for On-Body Communication Channel”. Presented at the IEEE AP-S Int. Symp., Toronto, ON, Canada, pp. 1-4.

[10] R. Garg, P. Bhartia, Bahl, and A. Ittipiboon, (2001). Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook. Artech House: New York.

[11]. C.A. Balanis, (1997). Antenna Theory (Analysis and nd Design), 2 edition. New York: Jhon Wiley 7 and sons, Inc.

[12]. Lo, Y.T., Solomon D., and Richards, W.F., (1979). “Theory and Experiment on Microstrip Antennas”. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.137-145.

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Research Paper

Performance Evaluation of DSR, AODV, ZRP, and OLSRRouting Protocols For Unreliable and DynamicallyChanging Wireless Sensor Networks

Kuldeep Singh* , Amandeep Kaur**

* Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev University Regional Campus, Punjab, India.

** Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev University Regional Campus, Punjab, India.

Singh, K., and Kaur, A. (2017). Performance Evaluation of DSR, AODV, ZRP, and OLSR Routing Protocols For Unreliable and Dynamically Changing Wireless Sensor Networks. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 6(2), 33-40. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.6.2.13472

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks are constrained by limited energy sources, limited processing capabilities, densely deployed nodes, unreliable and asymmetric wireless links, and limited bandwidth. Under all these constraints, performance of Wireless Sensor Networks essentially depends upon proper selection of routing protocols among variety of existing protocols. In this paper, performance of Dynamic Source Routing protocol (DSR), Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector Routing protocol (AODV), Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP), and Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) have been evaluated for a wireless ad hoc sensor network on the basis of performance metrics, such as energy consumption of sensor nodes, total number of packet collisions, total number of error packets, total overhead transmissions, and throughput of Wireless Sensor Networks. The simulation results show that OLSR protocol being pro-active in nature least performs, while on the other hand, DSR protocol performances quite well in terms of energy consumption of sensor nodes, total number of packet collisions, total number of error packets, and total overhead transmissions. But in terms of network throughput, ZRP protocol performs very well followed by OLSR, DSR, and AODV. Finally, after taking into consideration of all major constraints of Wireless Sensor Networks, it is recommended that DSR protocol is a highly energy efficient, spectrally efficient, and reliable protocol for ensuring error free and congestion free delivery of sensed data packets.

References

[1]. Elizabeth M. Royer, (1999). “A review of current routing protocols for Ad-hoc mobile wireless networks”. IEEE Personal Communications, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 46-55.

[2]. Rajashree V. Biradar, V.C. Patil, S.R. Sawant, and R.R. Mudholkar, (2010). “Classification and comparison of Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks”. Special Issue on Ubiquitous Computing Security Systems, Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Journal, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 704-711.

[3]. L. Alazzawi, and A. Elkateeb, (2008). “Performance Evaluation of the WSN Routing Protocols Scalability”. Journal of Computer Systems, Networks, and Communications, Article ID 481046.

[4]. Priyanka P., and Ayyappan B., (2015). “Wireless Sensor Networks - Technologies, Protocols, Applications, and Simulators: A Survey”. International Conference on Science, Technology, Engineering & Management (ICONSTEM' 15), pp. 146-150.

[5]. David B. Johnson, David A. Maltz, and Josh Broch (2001). “DSR: The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Multi-Hop Wireless Ad Hoc Networks”. Ad hoc Networking, Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc. Boston, MA, USA, pp.139-172.

[6]. David B. Johnson, and David A. Maltz, (1996). “Dynamic Source routing in wireless Ad hoc Networks”. Mobile Computing Conference, Vol. 353, pp. 153-181.

[7]. Perkins Charles E., and Royer Elizabeth M., (1999). “Adhoc on-demand distance vector routing”. In: Proceedings of the 2^nd IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, pp. 90-100.

[8]. Nicklas Beijar, (1999). “Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP)”. Networking Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology P.O. Box 3000, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland.

[9]. P. Jacquet, P. Muhlethaler, T. Clausen, A. Laouiti, A. Qayyum, and L. Viennot, (2001). “Optimized Link State Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks”. In the Proceedings of IEEE International Multi Topic Conference Technology for the 21^st Century, IEEE INMIC.

[10]. Alexander Klein, (2008). “Performance comparison and evaluation of AODV, OLSR, and SBR in mobile adhoc networks”. 3^rd International Symposium on Wireless Pervasive Computing, IEEE, pp. 571–575.

[11]. NETSIM Simulator – http://www.netsim.com

i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems (JCS)

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* PG Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India. ** Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Patel, S.S., and Verma, S. (2017). Single Feed Inverted U-Shaped Triple-Band Printed Circularly Polarized Antenna for X-Band Applications. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 6(2), 11-14. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.6.2.13461

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Design of Miniaturized Metamaterial Circular PatchAntennas Using A 4x4 Array Split Ring ResonatorFor Bio-Medical Applications

C. Keerthi* , G. Guru Prasad**, R. Nagendra***, S. Mehtaj Begum****

* PG Scholar, Department of Electronics Communication Engineering, Sri Vidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupati, India. **-**** Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics Communication Engineering, Sri Vidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupati, India.

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Performance Evaluation of DSR, AODV, ZRP, and OLSRRouting Protocols For Unreliable and DynamicallyChanging Wireless Sensor Networks

Kuldeep Singh* , Amandeep Kaur**

* Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev University Regional Campus, Punjab, India. ** Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev University Regional Campus, Punjab, India.

Singh, K., and Kaur, A. (2017). Performance Evaluation of DSR, AODV, ZRP, and OLSR Routing Protocols For Unreliable and Dynamically Changing Wireless Sensor Networks. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 6(2), 33-40. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.6.2.13472

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Shubhi Shukla* , G.S. Tripathi, Pooja Lohia*

* PG Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India.

** Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

C. Keerthi* , G. Guru Prasad, R. Nagendra*, S. Mehtaj Begum****

* PG Scholar, Department of Electronics Communication Engineering, Sri Vidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupati, India.

-** Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics Communication Engineering, Sri Vidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupati, India.

* Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev University Regional Campus, Punjab, India.

** Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev University Regional Campus, Punjab, India.