i-manager Publications

i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems (JCS)

Current Issue Vol. 13 Issue 2

Design and Development of Patient Care Voice Actuated Bed in Hospital
A Low Profile Dual U Shaped Monopole Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX/C Band Applications
A Miniaturized Dual L Shaped with Truncated Ground Rectangular Monopole Antenna for 5G and Wireless Communications
A Centre C-Shaped Dual Band Rectangular Monopole Antenna for Wi-Fi and Wireless Communication
Impact of Subchannel Symbol Rates on WSS Filtering Penalty in Elastic Optical Networks: A Comparative Study

Most Cited

Volume 13 Issue 1 January - June 2024

Research Paper

Ultra-Wide Band Radar and its Applications

Abhishek Khowala*

Military College of Electronics and Mechanical Engineering, Telangana, India.

Khowala, A. (2024). Ultra-Wide Band Radar and its Applications. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 13(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.13.1.20384

Abstract

This paper uses MATLAB software to demonstrate the performance of UWBSAR and conducts a comparative study with data obtained from conventional radar. It compares various antennas that support UWB, such as Vivaldi, MIMO, and monopole antennas, analyzed using SIMULINK. The paper discusses the design of UWBSAR to provide a comprehensive analytical picture of the processed images. The focus is on frequency domain analysis in general and the Range Migration Algorithm (RMA) in particular. The data obtained after signal processing is recorded to estimate the crossrange resolution, which is then compared with conventional SAR. The cross-range resolution estimated using UWBSAR is found to be lower than that of conventional radar, proving that UWBSAR is a better alternative for obtaining sharper images in short-range applications. High-quality images are reconstructed using a combination of UWB radar, SAR processing, and proposed algorithms to improve image quality. The investigation includes positive image generation to enhance sharpness and near-field imaging procedures. This paper also describes Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and its application in operating at low frequencies to detect obscured targets beneath foliage. While it has obvious military applications, it also has civilian uses, such as in geophysical studies and weather forecasting. Several applications have been identified for both military and civilian environments.

References

[1]. Bamler, R. (2000). Principles of synthetic aperture radar. Surveys in Geophysics, 21(2), 147-157.

[2]. Castelletti, D., Farquharson, G., Stringham, C., & Eddy, D. (2020, September). Operational readiness of the capella space sar system. In IGARSS 2020-2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (pp. 3571-3573). IEEE.

[3]. Diri, M. F. (2019). Plastic Object Detection with an Infrared Hyperspectral Image (Master's thesis, Middle East Technical University).

[4]. Duan, Z., Zhao, Y., Liu, H., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., & Liang, J. (2019). Three dimensional SAR imaging algorithms via a UWB radar sensor. In Communications, Signal Processing, and Systems: Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Communications, Signal Processing, and Systems (pp. 1253-1260). Springer Singapore.

[5]. Elachi, C., Bicknell, T., Jordan, R. L., & Wu, C. (1982). Spaceborne synthetic-aperture imaging radars: Applications, techniques, and technology. Proceedings of the IEEE, 70(10), 1174-1209.

[6]. Farhadi, M., Feger, R., Fink, J., Wagner, T., & Stelzer, A. (2024). Combining MIMO DBF with automotive synthetic aperture radar imaging and phase error correction. IEEE Access, 12, 31944-31959.

[7]. Immoreev, I. I., & Fedotov, P. D. V. (2002, May). Ultra wideband radar systems : Advantages and disadvantages. In 2002 IEEE Conference on Ultra Wideband Systems and Technologies (IEEE Cat. No. 02EX580) (pp. 201-205). IEEE.

[8]. Mondini, A. C., Guzzetti, F., Chang, K. T., Monserrat, O., Martha, T. R., & Manconi, A. (2021). Landslide failures detection and mapping using synthetic aperture radar: Past, present and future. Earth-Science Reviews, 216, 103574.

[9]. Oliver, C., & Quegan, S. (2004). Understanding Synthetic Aperture Radar Images. SciTech Publishing.

[10]. Oloumi, D., Ting, J. W., & Rambabu, K. (2016). Design of pulse characteristics for near-field UWB-SAR imaging. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 64(8), 2684-2693.

[11]. Singh, A., Nair, T., Roy, S., Srivastava, A., & Verma, V. (2023, May). Design and testing of vivaldi antenna for UWB applications. In 2023 2nd International Conference on Vision Towards Emerging Trends in Communication and Networking Technologies (ViTECoN) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.

[12]. Zetik, R., Sachs, J., & Thoma, R. S. (2007). UWB short-range radar sensing-The architecture of a baseband, pseudo-noise UWB radar sensor. IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine, 10(2), 39-45.

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Review Paper

Voice over Internet Protocol Codec Performance in Interactive Streaming Environment

Maheswari K.* , Balamurugan A.**

* Department of Computer Science, K. R. College of Arts and Science, Kovilpatti, Tamil Nadu, India.

** Department of Physics, Government Arts and Science College, Tirupur, Tamil Nadu, India.

Maheswari, K. and Balamurugan, A. (2024). Voice Over Internet Protocol Codec Performance in Interactive Streaming Environment. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 13(1), 16-21. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.13.1.20435

Abstract

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is an interactive telecommunication technology that suggests shared, cooperative, and quality transactions in the form of communications over the internet. VoIP normally differs from traditional and conventional circuit-based networks in the form of a low rate because all the communication takes place through the internet. The user has to pay only for an internet connection. Real-time voice data transmission is very difficult when compared with ordinary text data transmission. A main challenge in telecom engineering is maintaining quality. The VoIP transmission faces a lot of inconvenience. It suffers from packet loss, low quality, jitter, delay, and on-time delivery. These parameters influence and degrade performance. The codec plays a major role in VoIP transmission. This paper reports on the fundamental functionalities of VoIP, including coder and decoder operations for quality output, broadcast technology, VoIP connection setups, advantages, applications, and emerging trends in VoIP. The performance of various codecs was analyzed to identify the most suitable codec for voice transmission.

References

[1]. Bacioccola, A., Cicconetti, C., & Stea, G. (2010, May). User-level performance evaluation of voip using ns-2. In 1st International ICST Workshop on Network Simulation Tools.

[2]. Carle, G., & Biersack, E. W. (1997). Survey of error recovery techniques for IP-based audio-visual multicast applications. IEEE Network, 11(6), 24-36.

[3]. Clark, A. D. (2001). Modeling the effects of burst packet loss and recency on subjective voice quality. In Proceedings of IP Telephony Workshop 2001, April.

[4]. Cole, R. G., & Rosenbluth, J. H. (2001). Voice over IP performance monitoring. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 31(2), 9-24.

[5]. Dhar, S., & Chatterjee, S. (2017, March). A study of VOIP codecs performance over IEEE 802.11n. In 2017 Devices for Integrated Circuit (DevIC) (pp. 121-124). IEEE.

[6]. Figueiredo, D. R., & e Silva, E. D. S. (1999, December). Efficient mechanisms for recovering voice packets in the Internet. In Seamless Interconnection for Universal Services. Global Telecommunications Conference. GLOBECOM'99, 3, 1830-1837). IEEE.

[7]. Hoene, C., Marsh, I., Schäfer, G., & Wolisz, A. (2006). Error propagation after Concealing a lost speech frame. MULTICOMM Proceedings, (pp. 7-12).

[8]. Kondo, K., & Nakagawa, K. (2004). A packet loss concealment method using recursive linear prediction. In Eighth International Conference on Spoken Language Processing.

[9]. Levy, H., & Zlatokrilov, H. (2006). The effect of packet dispersion on voice applications in IP networks. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 14(2), 277-288.

[10] . Maheswari, K. (2014). Protecting VoIP Communications in a Multipath Environment using Modified Secret Sharing Algorithm. International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS), 3(1), 126–131.

[11]. Maheswari, K., & Punithavall, M. (2009b). Performance evaluation of packet loss replacement using repetititon technique in voip streams. International Journal of Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management Applications, 1, 8.

[12]. Maheswari, K., & Punithavalli, M. (2009). A survey of packet loss in VoI P. International Journal of Computational Intelligence Research, 5(1), 57-67.

[13]. Maheswari, K., & Punithavalli, M. (2009a). An Improved Packet Loss Recovery in VoIP using combined source and receiver based technique. International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, 2(3), 120-122.

[14]. Maheswari, K., & Punithavalli, M. (2011). An implementation of security in VoIP using modified Shamir” Ÿs secret sharing algorithm. Networking and Communication Engineering, 3(13), 864-868.

[15]. Maheswari, K., & Punithavalli, M. (2012). modified secret sharing over a single path in VoIP with reliable data delivery. International Journal of Computer Science Issues (IJCSI), 9(1), 221-226.

[16]. Mehaswari, K. P., & Punithavalli, K. (2011). Design and Implementation of multipath routing approach for secured and reliable data delivery over VoIP. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, IJAERD, 2(3), 482-494.

[17]. Merazka, F. (2009). Improved packet loss recovery using interleaving for CELP-type speech coders in packet networks. IAENG International Journal of Computer Science, 36(1).

[18]. Pertovt, E., Alic, K., Švigelj, A., & Mohorcic, M. (2021). Performance evaluation of VoIP codecs over network coding in wireless mesh networks. WSEAS Transactions on Communications, 20, 185-191.

[19]. Rec, I. T. U. T. (2003). G. 107-The E Model, a computational model for use in transmission planning. International Telecommunication Union, 8(20).

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Research Paper

Design and Simulation of Phased Array Antenna 5G Applications

Ujwal Bharadwaj* , Chethan B. R., Sharanya S. P., Suraj S., Sachita M.

*-***** P. E. S. Institute of Technology and Management, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India.

Bharadwaj, U., Chethan, B. R., Sharanya, S. P., Suraj, S. and Sachita, M. (2024). Design and Simulation of Phased Array Antenna 5G Applications. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 13(1), 22-29. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.13.1.20440

Abstract

Modern mobile communication faces challenges due to the limited frequency spectrum, driving the need for antennas that are simple, low-profile, and robust. Microstrip patch antennas and arrays are ideal choices due to their size, cost, and performance advantages. Polarization is crucial, especially in mobile and space communications, where antenna misalignment requires constant reorientation. Rectangular microstrip patch antennas can help mitigate signal loss and multipath effects in such scenarios. Phased array subsystems are becoming essential in next-generation mobile communication for their ability to electronically steer antenna beams without physical movement. Previous methods for rectangular microstrip patch radiation using orthogonal modes with a 90° time-phase difference resulted in poor axial ratio, gain, and return loss. These methods also used complex dual-feed excitation with an external 90° power divider and external phase shifters for beam steering. This paper proposes a simpler approach using a corner trimming technique for radiation and progressive phase excitations at source ports for phased arrays. The design and optimization for 26 GHz operation are achieved using simulation-based modeling software, ANSYS HFSS, on substrates like FR4 epoxy and Rogers RT or Duroid 5880. This paper includes the design and simulation of rectangular microstrip patches and 1x2 and 1x4 linear phased arrays to operate at 26 Ghz.

References

[1]. Federico, G., Song, Z., Theis, G., Caratelli, D., & Smolders, A. B. (2023). Multi-mode antennas for ultra-wide-angle scanning millimeter-wave arrays. IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation. 4, 912-923.

[2]. Gu, X., Liu, D., & Sadhu, B. (2021). Packaging and antenna integration for silicon-based millimeter-wave phased arrays: 5G and beyond. IEEE Journal of Microwaves, 1(1), 123-134.

[3]. Latha, T., Ram, G., Kumar, G. A., & Chakravarthy, M. (2021). Review on ultra-wideband phased array antenna. IEEE Access, 9.

[4]. Schmalenberg, P., Dede, E. M., Nomura, T., & Nishiwaki, S. (2022). Optimization of planar phased arrays for vehicles. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 21(10), 2140-2144.

[5]. Serup, D. E., Pedersen, G. F., & Zhang, S. (2022). Combined single-layer K-band transmitarray and beamforming S-band antenna array for satcom. IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 3, 1134-1140.

[6]. Wang, K., Geng, J., Zhou, H., Yang, S., Zhao, R., Chen, J., & Jin, R. (2022). A novel low-profile phased antenna with dual-port and its application in 1-D linear array to 2-D scanning. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 70(8), 6718-6731.

[7]. Yang, G., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, S. (2021). Wide-band and wide-angle scanning phased array antenna for mobile communication system. IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2, 203-212.

[8]. Zhang, Y. X., Gao, T. Y., Zhang, L., Jiao, Y. C., & Ni, T. (2023). Efficient optimization design of large circular phased arrays with low sidelobes for beam scanning. IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation. 4, 890-899.

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Research Paper

A Study on Energy Consumption and Impact on Network Lifetime using ANODR and DYMO Routing Protocol in MANETs using QualNet Simulator

Uppe Nanaji*

Avanthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Nanaji, U. (2024). A Study on Energy Consumption and Impact on Network Lifetime using ANODR and DYMO Routing Protocol in MANETs using QualNet Simulator. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 13(1), 30-37. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.13.1.20854

Abstract

This study examines energy consumption and the impact on network lifetime using ANODR and DYMO routing protocols in MANETs with the QualNet simulator. Both ANODR and DYMO are designed for MANETs but employ different approaches for establishing and maintaining routes among mobile nodes. ANODR adapts routing decisions based on neighborhood information, while DYMO operates on-demand, establishing routes only when necessary. To investigate energy consumption and network lifetime, simulations or experiments should be conducted to compare the performance of these protocols under various scenarios. Analyzing these QoS metrics provides insights into the energy efficiency and impact on network lifetime of ANODR and DYMO in MANETs.

References

[1]. Zheng, C., Chen, L., & Sicker, D. (2014, April). Hybrid cellular-MANETs: An energy-aware routing design. In 2014 11th Annual Conference on Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services (WONS) (pp. 9-16). IEEE.

[2]. Rafiq, M., Kumar, M., & Ahmad, S. (2013). Comparative analysis of energy efficient routing protocols in MANET. International Journal of Computer Applications, 82(5), 1-6.

[3]. Gupta, A. K., Sadawarti, H., & Verma, A. K. (2013). Performance analysis of MANET routing protocols in different mobility models. International Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science (IJITCS), 5(6), 73-82.

[4]. Patel, N., Pawar, A., & Shekokar, N. (2015). A Survey on Routing Protocols for MANET. International Journal of Computer Applications, 110(11), 5-7.

[5]. Al-khatib, A. A., & Hassan, R. (2018). Performance evaluation of AODV, DSDV, and DSR routing protocols in MANET using NS-2 simulator. In Recent Trends in Information and Communication Technology: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of Reliable Information and Communication Technology (IRICT 2017) (pp. 276-284). Springer International Publishing.

[6]. Yu, C., Lee, B., & Yong Youn, H. (2003). Energy efficient routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 3(8), 959-973.

[7]. Jha, R. K., & Kharga, P. (2015). A comparative performance analysis of routing protocols in MANET using NS3 simulator. International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security, 7(4), 62-68.

[8]. Walunjkar, G. M., & Anne, K. R. (2020). Performance analysis of routing protocols in MANET. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 17(2), 1047-1052.

[9]. Rahul, S., MAURYA, S. K., Rajvanshi, Y., & Vijay, S. (2013, April). Performance analysis of AODV, DYMO and bellman routing protocols in mobile ad-hoc network. In Conference on Advances in Communication and Control Systems (CAC2S 2013) (pp. 346-349). Atlantis Press.

[10]. Wane, K., Chopade, N., & Rahate, G. (2021, July). A comprehensive survey of routing techniques in MANETs. In Proceedings of the International Conference on IoT Based Control Networks & Intelligent Systems-ICICNIS (pp. 1-9).

[11]. Keysight. (2000). QualNet Network Simulator.

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Review Paper

A Review on Evolution, Expectations and Key Enabling Techniques of 5G

Damninder Singh* , Jatinder Pal Singh**

*-** IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Punjab, India.

Singh, D., and Singh, J. P. (2024). A Review on Evolution, Expectations and Key Enabling Techniques of 5G. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 13(1), 38-48. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.13.1.20859

Abstract

For the transmission of data at high speed, the requirement of using a larger bandwidth increases due to the rise in wireless communication technologies like smart devices, mobiles, etc. An abrupt increase in the requirement for internet data due to an increase in internet users demanded time-to-time upgrades in available techniques. A significant modernization has been done by technology in mobile and wireless communication and networking fields. Therefore, the development of mobile communication began with the First Generation (1G) and has progressed continuously to the Fifth Generation (5G). To address the weaknesses of previous generations, each successive generation has been developed with improvements. Fifth Generation (5G) is the latest technology in wireless communication cellular systems, providing the highest internet speeds to everyone, anywhere, anytime. 5G has attracted many global researchers, universities, and research institutes to invent new techniques for enhancement in channel capacity and spectrum utilization of communication systems. This paper describes the evolution of cellular networks, expectations from 5G, the challenges and advantages of 5G, and the techniques on which 5G relies.

References

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[2]. Agiwal, M., Roy, A., & Saxena, N. (2016). Next generation 5G wireless networks: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 18(3), 1617-1655.

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[17]. Ge, X., Tu, S., Mao, G., Wang, C. X., & Han, T. (2016). 5G ultra-dense cellular networks. IEEE Wireless Communications, 23(1), 72-79.

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i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems (JCS)

Current Issue Vol. 13 Issue 2

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Volume 13 Issue 1 January - June 2024

Ultra-Wide Band Radar and its Applications

Abhishek Khowala*

Military College of Electronics and Mechanical Engineering, Telangana, India.

Khowala, A. (2024). Ultra-Wide Band Radar and its Applications. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 13(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.13.1.20384

Abstract

References

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Voice over Internet Protocol Codec Performance in Interactive Streaming Environment

Maheswari K.* , Balamurugan A.**

* Department of Computer Science, K. R. College of Arts and Science, Kovilpatti, Tamil Nadu, India. ** Department of Physics, Government Arts and Science College, Tirupur, Tamil Nadu, India.

Maheswari, K. and Balamurugan, A. (2024). Voice Over Internet Protocol Codec Performance in Interactive Streaming Environment. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 13(1), 16-21. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.13.1.20435

Abstract

References

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Design and Simulation of Phased Array Antenna 5G Applications

Ujwal Bharadwaj* , Chethan B. R.**, Sharanya S. P.***, Suraj S.****, Sachita M.*****

*-***** P. E. S. Institute of Technology and Management, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India.

Bharadwaj, U., Chethan, B. R., Sharanya, S. P., Suraj, S. and Sachita, M. (2024). Design and Simulation of Phased Array Antenna 5G Applications. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 13(1), 22-29. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.13.1.20440

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A Study on Energy Consumption and Impact on Network Lifetime using ANODR and DYMO Routing Protocol in MANETs using QualNet Simulator

Uppe Nanaji*

Avanthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Nanaji, U. (2024). A Study on Energy Consumption and Impact on Network Lifetime using ANODR and DYMO Routing Protocol in MANETs using QualNet Simulator. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 13(1), 30-37. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.13.1.20854

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A Review on Evolution, Expectations and Key Enabling Techniques of 5G

Damninder Singh* , Jatinder Pal Singh**

*-** IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Punjab, India.

Singh, D., and Singh, J. P. (2024). A Review on Evolution, Expectations and Key Enabling Techniques of 5G. i-manager’s Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 13(1), 38-48. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.13.1.20859

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* Department of Computer Science, K. R. College of Arts and Science, Kovilpatti, Tamil Nadu, India.

** Department of Physics, Government Arts and Science College, Tirupur, Tamil Nadu, India.

Ujwal Bharadwaj* , Chethan B. R., Sharanya S. P., Suraj S., Sachita M.