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i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems (JCS)

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Volume 10 Issue 1 January - June 2021

Article

Network Technologies and Microcontrollers in Internet of Things (IoT) - A Review

Vani Dasu* , Swapna Raghunath **

*-** Department of Electronics and Communication, G. Narayanamma Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad, India.

Dasu, V., and Raghunath, S. (2021). Network Technologies and Microcontrollers in Internet of Things (IoT) - A Review. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 10(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.10.1.18160

World Health Organization : COVID-19 - Global literature on coronavirus disease

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/global-literature-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/resource/en/covidwho-1518911

ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-1518911

Abstract

Our physical world is transforming at an unprecedented rate into a complex and dynamic system of connected devices. Such dynamics are evident due to COVID-19 making the organisations rethink the way they work and operate. Working digitally and virtually across locations along with partner organisations is the need of the hour. Internet of Things makes such communication possible. The increasing importance of capturing real-time data and acting upon the insights is the driving focus of Internet of Things (IoT) – both in terms of its wider applicability and the path towards achieving scale. Defined as the interaction between the digital and physical worlds, IoT helps the digital world interact with the physical world using a plethora of sensors and actuators. The sensors take data from various devices, convert it into viable actions for human analysis. This paper brings forth Bluetooth, Zigbee, RFID, Z-Wave, Wi-Fi, ANT, 6LoRaWAN, NFC, GSM technology, and Cloud software technologies used by various IoT devices. They aid sensors which collect data from multiple devices. Comparison of these technologies is made on basis of frequency band, range, data rate and modulation type. This paper also discusses microcontrollers namely Arduino Uno, Adafruit Feather Huzzah32, SparkFun ESP8266 Thing, and Raspberry Pi which analyse, and process data based on various settings to perform tasks or provide the data required by industry. Wi-Fi technology embedded on Arduino controller is recommended, the deciding factors being security, availability, reliability, mobility, performance, scalability, interoperability, management and trust.

References

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[2]. Business Corporate, (2018). IoT Technology & Protocols –7 Important IoT Communication Protocols. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/iot-technology-proto cols-7-important-communication-business-corporate

[3]. Čolaković, A., & Hadžialić, M. (2018). Internet of Things (IoT): A review of enabling technologies, challenges, and open research issues. Computer Networks, 144, 17-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2018.07.017

[4]. Data Flair, (n.d.). Instructor Led Training with 24x7 Support. Retrieved from https://data-flair.training/

[5]. Garg, R., & Gupta, S. (2020). A Review on Internet of Thing for Home Automation. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 8(10), 80-83

[6]. Hiotron, (n.d.). In-Depth view of 4 IoT Architecture Layers. Retrieved from https://www.hiotron.com/iot-archit ecture-layers/

[7]. Internet of Things for Telecom Engineers (n.d.). A Report on Current State and Future Technologies. IEEE Xplore Digital Library. Retrieved from https://forms1.ieee. org/rs/682-UPB-550/images/IEEE-IOT-White-Paper.pdf

[8]. Irshad, M. E., & Feroz, M. M. (2016). Scope of IoT: Performance and Hardware Analysis Between Raspberry Pi- 3 And Arduino Uno. International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, 5(6), 580 – 588.

[9]. Patil, P. N. (2016). A comparative analysis of Raspberry pi Hardware with Ar-duino Phidgets Beaglebone black and Udoo. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 1595-1600.

[10]. Pothuganti, K., & Chitneni, A. (2014). A Comparative Study of Wireless Protocols: Bluetooth, UWB, ZigBee, and Wi- Fi. Advance in Electronic and Electric Engineering, 4(6), 655-662.

[11]. Raspberry Pi, (n.d.). Products. Retrieved from https:// www.raspberrypi.com/products/

[12]. Rich, D. (2020). Glossary of Environmental and Computing Terms. Geotech Computer Systems, Inc. Retrieved from https://geotech.com/documents/Glossary. pdf

[13]. Sethi, P., & Sarangi, S. R. (2017). Internet of things: architectures, protocols, and applications. Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering.

[14]. Singh, R., Gehlot, A., Gupta, L. R., Singh, B., & Swain, M. (2019). Internet of Things with Raspberry Pi and Arduino. CRC Press.

[15]. Stanford, (n.d.). Introduction to Internet of Things, Stanford School of Engineering. Retrieved from https:// online.stanford.edu/courses/xee100-introduction-internetthings

[16]. Zanella, A., Bui, N., Castellani, A., Vangelista, L., & Zorzi, M. (2014). Internet of things for smart cities. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 1(1), 22-32. https://doi.org/10. 1109/JIOT.2014.2306328

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Research Paper

Low Profile Multiband H Shaped Monopole Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for WiMAX and WLAN Applications

Viresh Kumar * , Shri Om Mishra , Chandan*, Parimal Tiwari ****

*-**** Department of Electronics and Communication, Institute of Engineering & Technology, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, India.

Kumar, V., Mishra, S. O., Chandan, and Tiwari, P. (2021). Low Profile Multiband H Shaped Monopole Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for WiMAX and WLAN Applications. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 10(1), 8-14. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.10.1.18415

Abstract

A low profile H slit monopole antenna with defected ground plane for WiMAX/WLAN applications has been presented in this paper. A single slit is cut initially followed by the anticlockwise rotated T slit, and finally a H-shaped slit cut in the patch provides the multiband resonance with enhanced impedance bandwidth. After the implementation of Defected Ground Structure in this low profile antenna, gain and radiation pattern is much better. The size of low profile antenna is 26× 32 × 0.8 mm³. The frequency range covered is (2.6-3.0 GHz)/2.8GHz, (3.6-4.7 GHz)/3.7 GHz and (5.4-5.9 GHz)/5.6GHz for WiMAX/WLAN applications. The impedance bandwidth of 14.28%, 29.72% and 8.92% have been achieved.

References

[1]. Chandan, T. S., & Rai, B. S. (2016a). Dual-Band Monopole Patch Antenna Using Microstrip Fed for WiMAX and WLAN Applications. Proceedings of Third International Conference INDIA 2016; Information Systems Design and Intelligent Applications, Vol. 2, pp. 533–539, Springer.

[2]. Chandan, T. S., & Rai, B. S. (2016b). Multiband monopole U-slot patch antenna with truncated ground plane. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 58(8), 1949-1952.

[3]. Chandan. (2020). Truncated ground plane multiband monopole antenna for WLAN and WiMAX applications. IETE Journal of Research, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/0377206 3.2019.1709568

[4]. Chen, H., Yang, X., Yin, Y. Z., Wu, J. J., & Cai, Y. M. (2013). Tri-band rectangle-loaded monopole antenna with inverted-L slot for WLAN/WiMAX applications. Electronics Letters, 49(20), 1261-1262.

[5]. Pushkar, P., & Gupta, V. R. (2016). A metamaterial based tri‐band antenna for W i MAX/WLAN application. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 58(3), 558- 561. https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.29616

[6]. Ratnesh, R. K., & Kumar, A. (2021). A Compact Dual Rectangular Slot Monopole Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX Applications. In Innovations in Cyber Physical Systems (Vol. 788, pp. 699-705). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10. 1007/978-981-16-4149-7_63

[7]. Srivastava, T., & Rai, B. S. (2017). L-Slotted Microstrip Fed Monopole Antenna for Triple Band WLAN and WiMAX Applications. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Frontiers in Intelligent Computing: Theory and Applications (pp. 351-359). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3156-4_36

[8]. Verma, S., & Kumar, P. (2014). Compact triple-band antenna for WiMAX and WLAN applications. Electronics Letters, 50(7), 484-486. https://doi.org/10.1049/el.2013.4313

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Research Paper

ASER of Rectangular QAM for L–Branch EGC Receiver with Phase Estimation Error Over Nakagami-M Fading Channels

Rajkishur Mudoi*

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India.

Mudoi, R. (2021). ASER of Rectangular QAM for L–Branch EGC Receiver with Phase Estimation Error Over Nakagami-M Fading Channels. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 10(1), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.10.1.18407

Abstract

In this paper, the expressions for Average Symbol Error Rate (ASER) of Rectangular Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (RQAM) scheme have been investigated for an Arbitrary Equal Gain Combining (EGC) receiver with phase estimation error, over Nakagami-m fading channels. The response of the ASER for various levels of fading parameters m, the diversity order L of the receiver, and decision distance ratio have been observed. The phase estimation error of fading channels is considered for evaluation.

References

[1]. Agrawal, D. P. & Zeng, Q. A. (2011). Introduction to rd Wireless and Mobile Systems (3^rd Ed.). Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley.

[2]. Aruna, G. (2015, December). PDF methodology of analysis of L branch equal gain combiner with carrier phase error and CCI over Nakagami-m fading. In 2015, International Conference on Computing and Network Communications (CoCoNet) (pp. 505-510). IEEE. https:// doi.org/10.1109/CoCoNet.2015.7411233

[3]. Beaulieu, N. C. (2006). A useful integral for wireless communication theory and its application to rectangular signaling constellation error rates. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 54(5), 802-805. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2006.874003

[4]. Bilim, M., & Kapucu, N. (2019). Average symbol error rate analysis of QAM schemes over millimeter wave fluctuating two-ray fading channels. IEEE Access, 7, 105746-105754. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019. 2932147

[5]. Chiani, M., Dardari, D., & Simon, M. K. (2003). New exponential bounds and approximations for the computation of error probability in fading channels. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2(4), 840-845. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2003.814350

[6]. Dixit, D., & Sahu, P. R. (2012). Symbol error rate of rectangular QAM with best-relay selection in cooperative systems over Rayleigh fading channels. IEEE Communications Letters, 16(4), 466-469. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/LCOMM.2012.030512.112284

[7]. Dixit, D., & Sahu, P. R. (2014). Performance analysis of rectangular QAM with SC receiver over Nakagami-$ m $ fading channels. IEEE Communications Letters, 18(7), 1262-1265. https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2014.2315616

[8]. Goldsmith, A. (2005). Wireless Communication. Cambridge University Press.

[9]. Gradshteyn, I. S., & Ryzhik, I. M. (2000). Table of Integrals, Series and Products (6^th Ed.). San Diego, CA: Academic.

[10]. Hanzo, L., Webb, W. T., & Keller, T. (2000). Single-and Multi-carrier Quadrature Amplitude Modulation: Principles and Applications for Personal Communications, WATM and Broadcasting: (2^nd Ed.), IEEE Press-John Wiley.

[11]. Karagiannidis, G. K. (2006). On the symbol error probability of general order rectangular QAM in Nakagamim fading. IEEE Communications Letters, 10(11), 745-747. https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2006.060798

[12]. Kumar, N., & Bhatia, V. (2016). Exact ASER analysis of rectangular QAM in two-way relaying networks over Nakagami-$ m $ fading channels. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 5(5), 548-551. https://doi.org/10. 1109/LWC.2016.2600647

[13]. Kumar, N., Singya, P. K., & Bhatia, V. (2017). ASER analysis of hexagonal and rectangular QAM schemes in multiple-relay networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 67(2), 1815-1819. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT. 2017.2758028

[14]. Lei, X., Fan, P., & Hao, L. (2007). Exact symbol error probability of general order rectangular QAM with MRC diversity reception over Nakagami-m fading channels. IEEE Communications Letters, 11(12), 958-960. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/LCOMM.2007.070831

[15]. Najib, M. A., & Prabhu, V. K. (2000). Analysis of equalgain diversity with partially coherent fading signals. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 49(3), 783-791. https://doi.org/10.1109/25.845098

[16]. Proakis, J. G. (2001). Digital Communications (4^th Ed.). New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill.

[17]. Rappaport, T. S. (2011). Wireless Communication (2^nd Ed.). Pearson.

[18]. Simon, M. K., & Alouini, M. S. (2005). Digital Communication over Fading Channels (Vol. 95). John Wiley & Sons.

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[20]. Wozencraft, J. M., & Jacobs, I. M. (1965). Principles of Communication Engineering. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley.

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Research Paper

Design and Implementation of Digital Signage System Using IoT

V. Heera* , R. Balasubramaniyan **

*-** V. R. S. College of Engineering and Technology, Arasur, Villupuram District, Tamilnadu, India.

Heera, V., and Balasubramaniyan, R. (2021). Design and Implementation of Digital Signage System Using IoT. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 10(1), 22-29. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.10.1.18202

Abstract

Digital signage is an emerging new communication technology. Digital signage system reduces the environmental costs associated with traditional printed signage. It is used to display the dynamic content (e.g., audio, video, announcements, webpages) using Internet of Things (IoT). It uses Raspberry pi a small credit card sized computer to store locally and process the information and also reduce the production cost. In order to update the information the content management software is developed using free open source software. The used programming technologies are WAMP server, Html Abstraction Markup Language (HAML), My structured Query Language (MySQL) database and Python. This proposed system is used to display the required information to the students in college campus and where the real time information is needed (e.g., Universities, Hospitals, Railway Station, Corporate buildings, malls, subways). Moreover the digital signage system is flexible and dynamic compared with printable signage system.

References

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[3]. Arsan, T., Parkan, A., & Konu, H. (2014). Design and implementation of remotely managed embedded digital signage system. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications, 4(3), 1-15. https:// doi.org/10.5121/ijcsea.2014.4301

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[7]. Liu, Y., Yang, J., & Liu, M. (2008, July). Recognition of QR Code with mobile phones. In 2008, Chinese Control and Decision Conference (pp. 203-206). IEEE. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/CCDC.2008.4597299

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[10]. Richardson, M., & Wallace, S. (2012). Getting started with Raspberry Pi. O'Reilly Media, Inc.

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Research Paper

A Review on FPGA Based Design of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Cryptography Secure Algorithm

K. Janshi Lakshmi * , G. Sreenivasulu **

*-** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Venkateswara University College of Engineering, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Lakshmi, K. J., and Sreenivasulu, G. (2021). A Review on FPGA Based Design of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Cryptography Secure Algorithm. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 10(1), 30-40. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.10.1.18378

Abstract

Now-a-days, secured information transfer to others require security because the data might be stolen from hackers. To avoid these type of problems, are use Cryptography Secure Algorithms. Cryptography Algorithms play important role in network security. It is an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Algorithm. The AES is a Symmetric encryption using private key. This encryption process consists of blocks such as Key Expansion, Pre Round Operation, Add Round Key, Sub Bytes, Shift Rows and Mix Column. The Advanced encryption standard algorithm is using cryptographic secret keys-128 bits, 192 bits, and 256 bits to encryption, and decryption input data is 128 bits. This paper represents the survey of Cryptography Secure AES algorithm.

References

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[3]. Balupala, H. K., Rahul, K., & Yachareni, S. (2021, April). Galois Field Arithmetic Operations using Xilinx FPGAs in Cryptography. In 2021, IEEE International IoT, Electronics and Mechatronics Conference (IEMTRONICS) (pp. 1-6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMTRONICS52119.2021.942 2551

[4]. Chauhan, Y. S., & Sasamal, T. N. (2019, July). Enhancing Security of AES Using Key Dependent Dynamic Sbox. In 2019, International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES) (pp. 468-473). IEEE. https:// doi.org/10.1109/ICCES45898.2019.9002543

[5]. Chawla, S. S., & Goel, N. (2015). FPGA implementation of an 8-bit AES architecture: A rolled and masked S-Box approach. Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/INDICON.2015.7443814

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[8]. Equihua, C., Anides, E., García, J. L., Vázquez, E., Sánchez, G., Avalos, J. G., & Sánchez, G. (2021). A lowcost and highly compact FPGA-based encryption/ decryption architecture for AES algorithm. IEEE Latin America Transactions, 19(9), 1443-1450. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/TLA.2021.9468436

[9]. Equihua, C., Anides, E., García, J. L., Vázquez, E., Sánchez, G., Avalos, J. G., & Sánchez, G. (2021). A lowcost and highly compact FPGA-based encryption/ decryption architecture for AES algorithm. IEEE Latin America Transactions, 19(9), 1443-1450. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/TLA.2021.9468436

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[12]. Good, T., & Benaissa, M. (2006). Very small FPGA application-specific instruction processor for AES. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 53(7), 1477-1486. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2006.8751 79

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[14]. Huddar, S. R., Rupanagudi, S. R., Ravi, R., Yadav, S., & Jain, S. (2013, August). Novel architecture for inverse mix columns for AES using ancient Vedic Mathematics on FPGA. In 2013, International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI) (pp. 1924-1929). IEEE. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/ dwnldReferences?arnumber=6637476

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i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems (JCS)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 2

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Most Cited

Volume 10 Issue 1 January - June 2021

Network Technologies and Microcontrollers in Internet of Things (IoT) - A Review

Vani Dasu* , Swapna Raghunath **

*-** Department of Electronics and Communication, G. Narayanamma Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad, India.

Dasu, V., and Raghunath, S. (2021). Network Technologies and Microcontrollers in Internet of Things (IoT) - A Review. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 10(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.10.1.18160

World Health Organization : COVID-19 - Global literature on coronavirus disease

ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-1518911

Abstract

References

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Low Profile Multiband H Shaped Monopole Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for WiMAX and WLAN Applications

Viresh Kumar * , Shri Om Mishra **, Chandan***, Parimal Tiwari ****

*-**** Department of Electronics and Communication, Institute of Engineering & Technology, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, India.

Kumar, V., Mishra, S. O., Chandan, and Tiwari, P. (2021). Low Profile Multiband H Shaped Monopole Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for WiMAX and WLAN Applications. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 10(1), 8-14. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.10.1.18415

Abstract

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ASER of Rectangular QAM for L–Branch EGC Receiver with Phase Estimation Error Over Nakagami-M Fading Channels

Rajkishur Mudoi*

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India.

Mudoi, R. (2021). ASER of Rectangular QAM for L–Branch EGC Receiver with Phase Estimation Error Over Nakagami-M Fading Channels. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 10(1), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.10.1.18407

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Design and Implementation of Digital Signage System Using IoT

V. Heera* , R. Balasubramaniyan **

*-** V. R. S. College of Engineering and Technology, Arasur, Villupuram District, Tamilnadu, India.

Heera, V., and Balasubramaniyan, R. (2021). Design and Implementation of Digital Signage System Using IoT. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 10(1), 22-29. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.10.1.18202

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A Review on FPGA Based Design of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Cryptography Secure Algorithm

K. Janshi Lakshmi * , G. Sreenivasulu **

*-** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Venkateswara University College of Engineering, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Lakshmi, K. J., and Sreenivasulu, G. (2021). A Review on FPGA Based Design of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Cryptography Secure Algorithm. i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 10(1), 30-40. https://doi.org/10.26634/jcs.10.1.18378

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Viresh Kumar * , Shri Om Mishra , Chandan*, Parimal Tiwari ****