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i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering (JSTE)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 4

Most Cited

Volume 2 Issue 4 December - February 2014

Research Paper

An Experimental Study on High Strength Concrete using Fly Ash and Alccofine

Mohammed Qureshi* , Yogendra Tandel, Bhavin Patel*

* Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology and Research, Bardoli, Gujarat, India.

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, C. G. Patel Institute of Technology, Bardoli, Gujarat, India.

* Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology and Research, Bardoli, Gujarat, India.

Qureshi, M., Tandel, Y., and Patel, B. (2014). An Experimental Study on High Strength Concrete using Fly Ash and Alccofine. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(4), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.4.2752

Abstract

This paper presents the effects of using Fly Ash (class F) and Alccofine materials on performance of high-strength concrete with M60 grade of IS cube specimen. Fly ash replacement varies from 26% to 18% and Alccofine replacement varies from 4% to 12%. We are using Poly Carboxylate Ether based superplasticizer for achieving workability of concrete. Dosage of superplasticizer is same for all mix proportions. Five types of mix proportions containing Fly Ash and Alccofine with different proportions in addition to ordinary Portland cement were investigated and tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and loss in weight and compressive strength for durability aspects. The result shows that all the concretes achieve compressive strength higher than 41 MPa that is required for high strength concrete as per ACI 363. It is also observed that the strength gain at 28 to 56 days was higher than 7 to 28 days. Durability characteristics of high strength concrete with admixtures containing class F Fly Ash and Alccofine were conducted by acid resistance and sulphate attack at 28 days. The result shows that fly ash and Alccofine added as a cement replacement in concrete offers good response for durability criteria.

References

[1]. Hassan, K., Cabrera, J., and Maliehe, R. (2000). “The effect of mineral admixtures on the properties of highperformance concrete” School of Civil Engineering, Civil Engineering Materials Unit (CEMU), University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.

[2]. Arunachalam K., Gopalkrishnan R. (2004). "Experimental Investigation on High Performance Fly ash Concrete in Normal and Aggressive Environment', th Proceedings on 29 Conference on “Our World in Concrete and Structures”, Aug, 2004, Singapore.

[3]. Kwan, and Henry, H. (2005). “Packing Density: A Key Concept for Mix Design of High Performance Concrete”, Dep't of Civil Engineering, University of Hong Kong, January 17,2013.

[4]. Alam, J., Hassan, A. (2006). “Possible use of fly ash generated from Barapukeria power plant for sustainability”.

[5]. Suryawanshi, S.C. (2007). “Structural significance of high performance concrete”, Indian Concrete Journal, 13-16.

[6]. Kanmalai, W., Partheeban, P., and Felix, K.T. (2008). "Mechanical Properties of High Performance Concrete incorporating Granite Powder as Fine Aggregate”, International Journal on Design and Manufacturing Technologies, Vol.2, 67-73.

[7]. Ghorpade V.G. (2010). "An Experimental Investigation on Glass Fiber Reinforced High Performance Concrete with th Silica Fumes as Admixtures”, Proceedings on 35 Conference on “Our World in Concrete and Structures”, Aug, 2010, Singapore.

[8]. Aggarwal, V., Dr.Gupta, S., and Dr.Sanchadeva, S. (2010). “Concrete durability through high volume fly ash concrete (HVFC)”.

[9]. Pazhani, K., and Jeyaraj (2010). “Study on Durability of High Performance Concrete with Industrial Wastes”, ATIApplied Technologies &Innovations, Vol.12, Issue 2, 19-28.

[10]. Malagavelli, V., and Rao, P. (2010). “High Performance Concrete with GGBS and Robo Sand”, International Journal of Engineering Science & Technology, Vol.2 (10), 5107-5113.

[11]. Muthupriya, P., Subramanium, K., and Vishwaraman, B. (2011). “Investigation on Behaviour of High Performance Reinforced Concrete Columns with Metakaolin & Fly ash as Admixtures”, International Journal of Advanced Engineering & Technology, Vol 11, Issue1, 190-202.

[12]. Shukla, A., Singh, K., and Sharma, A. (2011). “Study of the Properties of Concrete by Partial Replacement of OPC by Rice Husk Ash”, International Journal of Earth Sciences & Engineering, Vol 4, No.6, 965-968.

[13]. Verma, A., Chandak, R., and Yadav, R.K. (2012). “Effect of Micro Silica on the Strength of Concrete with OPC”, Research Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.1 (3), 1-4.

[14]. Vinayagam (2012). “Experimental Investigation on High Performance Concrete using Silica Fume and Super plasticizer ”, International Journal of Computer & Communication Engineering, Vol.1No.2, 168-171.

[15]. Suvarna Latha,K., Rao, M.,V., and Reddy, V. (2012). “Estimation of GGBS and HVFA Strength Efficiencies in Concrete with Age”, International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Vol. 2, Issue-2

[16]. Patil, B., and Kumbhar P. (2012). “Strength and Durability Properties of High Performance Concrete incorporating High Reactivity Metakaolin”, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, Vol. 2, Issue 3, 1099-1104.

[17]. Tamilarasan, V. (2012). “Workability studies on concrete with GGBS as a Replacement material for cement with and without superplasticizer”.

[18]. Swaroop, A., Venkateswararao, K., and Kodandaramarao, P. (2013). "Durability Studies On Concrete with Fly Ash & Ggbs”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA).

[19]. Kate, G., and Murnal, B. (2013). "Effect of Addition of Fly ash on Shrinkage Characteristics on High Strength Concrete”, International Journal of Advanced Technology in Civil Engineering, Vol.2, Issue 1, 11-16.

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Research Paper

Optimal Dynamic Allocation of Servers to Tasks using Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Algorithm

Shalabh Bhatnagar* , Shreya Thusoo**

* Professor, Department of Computer Science and Automation, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.

** Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India.

Bhatnagar, S., and Thusoo, S. (2014). Optimal Dynamic Allocation of Servers to Tasks using Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Algorithm. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(4), 10-16. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.4.2753

Abstract

In this paper, an algorithm for simulation based parameter optimisation over discrete sets using the basic Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Algorithm (SPSA) has been developed. The objective function to be minimised is itself the long run average of certain objective functions whose noise estimates are obtained via simulation. Arrivals follow a Markov Modulated Poisson Process (MMPP) while the service times are generated exponentially. Application of this algorithm for the Dynamic Allocation of Servers has been studied and its authenticity has been checked for varying parameter values. Certain modifications have been introduced for the specified case for speedy convergence of results and study of the sensitivity of the algorithm with respect to its parameters and step-size. The results have been presented and verified to fall along the expected line.

References

[1]. MichealC.Fu. (2002). “Optimisation for Simulation: Theory vs. Practice” INFORMS Journal on computing, Vol.14, No. 3, pp. 192-215

[2]. Gokbayrak, K. and cassandras, C.G. (2001). “Online surrogate problem methodology for stochastic discrete resource allocation problems”, J. Optim. Theo. Appl., 108(2):349-375.

[3]. Gerencser, L. Hill, S.D. and Vago, Z. (1999). “Optimisation over discrete sets via SPSA”, Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on decision and Control, 1791-1795.

[4]. Barnhart, C.M., Wieslthier, J.E. and Ephremides, A. (1995). “Admission-control policies for multihop wireless networks”, Wireless Networks, 1:373-387.

[5]. James C. Spall. (2012). “Stochastic Optimisation”, in Handbook of Computational Statistics: Concepts and Method (2nd Ed.)

[6]. Shalabh Bhatnagar, Vivek Kumar Mishra, NandyalaHemachandra. (2011). “Stochastic algorithms for Discrete Parameter Simulation Optimisation”, IEEE transactions on Automation Science and Engineering, Vol.8, No. 4.

[7]. Singiresu S. Rao. (2009). “Engineering Optimisation:Theory and Practice”, (4th ed.)

[8]. Sheldon M. Ross. (2012). “Simulation”, Elsevier (5th ed.)

[9]. Shalabh Bhatnagar, Hemant J. Kowshik, (2005). “A Discrete Parameter Stochastic Approximation Algorithm for Simulation Optimisation”

[10]. Shalabh Bhatnagar, (2009). “Simultaneous Perturbation and Finite Difference Methods”

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Research Paper

Comparative Study and Analysis of Multi-Storied Base Isolated Building

Shakir Gani* , 0**

* M.Tech Student, Civil Engineering Department, Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering & Management, Nagpur, India.

** Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering & Management, Nagpur, India.

Gani, S., and Gharad, A.M. (2014). Comparative Study and Analysis of Multi-Storied Base Isolated Building. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(4), 17-23. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.4.2754

Abstract

Base isolation technique is one of the most widely implemented seismic protection systems in earthquake prone areas. The term 'base' refers to the foundation of a structure and 'isolation' refers to reduced interaction between the ground and the structure resting over it. Base isolation is a very effective way to counteract the damaging component of seismic forces and is one of the most widely implemented and accepted seismic protection systems. The mechanism of the base isolator increases the natural period of the overall structure, and decreases its acceleration response to earthquake / seismic motion.A multi-storied R.C.C (Reinforced Cement Concrete) building with lead rubber bearing is introduced throughout this study.Validation of SAP2000 for base isolation technique using a mathematical model is carried out. Comparison between base shear values considering fixed base for the static and dynamic analysis is shown. Also the comparison between the base shear values of fixed and isolated base considering dynamic analysis (response spectrum and linear time history) is explored. For response spectrum analysis, the reduction in base shear value for base isolated building is upto 62%, whereas for the same base isolated building and for linear time history analysis, this reduction is upto 85% - 90%.

References

[1]. Chopra, Anil K. (2008). “Dynamics of Structures”, Theory and Applications to Earthquake Engineering, Third edition pp.777-801.

[2]. Demin, F., Cliff, C., Wenguang, L. and Kiyoshi, T. (2004). “A Performance Test Study on Chinese G4 Lead Rubber Bearings”, 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Vancouver, B.C., Canada Paper No. 676.

[3]. Jain, S. K. (1995). “Explanatory Examples on Indian Seismic Code IS 1893 (Part I):” Document No. :: IITK-GSDMAEQ21- V2.0 Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.22, No.2, pp.73-90

[5]. Saiful Islam, A. B. M., Jameel M. Uddin, M. A. and Ahmad, Syed Ishtiaq (2011). “Simplified Design Guidelines for Seismic Base Isolation in Multi-storey Buildings for Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC)”, International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 6(23), pp. 5467-5486.

[6]. Torunbalci, N. and Ozpalanlar, G. (2008). “Earthquake response analysis of mid-story buildings Isolated with various seismic isolation techniques”, The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China.

[7]. Uniform building code (1997). chap. 16, div. I 1601 - 1605.2.1, Vol. 2.

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Research Paper

Effect of High Temperature and Cooling Regimes on Residual Properties and Spalling of HPFRCC

T. Sekar*

*Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering, Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, India.

Sekar, T. (2014). Effect of High Temperature and Cooling Regimes on Residual Properties and Spalling of HPFRCC. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(4), 24-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.4.2755

Abstract

The work reported in this paper was carried out to study the effect of high temperature and cooling regimes on residual properties and spalling of High Performance Fibre Reinforced Cement Composites (HPFRCC). The properties studied include residual compressive strength and residual density. A total of 168 numbers of High Performance Concrete (HPC) cubes of size 100 x 100 x 100 mm were cast with and without steel fibres. The cubes were heated to different levels of elevated temperatures using an electric furnace and cooled by two different cooling systems and then finally tested for residual properties at different ages. Test results indicate that, irrespective of cooling regimes, HPC and HPFRCC cubes heated at 250°C had a higher residual strength than unheated cubes at all ages of testing. But, when they were heated at 500 and 750°C, they had a lower residual strength than unheated cubes. Cubes cooled by furnace cooling had a higher residual strength than cubes cooled by water cooling. HPC and HPFRCC cubes exposed up to 750°C had a lower residual density than unheated cubes at all ages of testing. There is a recovery of strength with time when exposed to low elevated temperature than to high elevated temperature. At 750°C, the colour of HPC and HPFRCC cubes became white and cracks were observed in HPC cubes, where as no cracks were formed on HPFRCC cubes. Incorporation of steel fibres into HPC cubes improved its fire resistance.

References

[1]. Aitcin, P. C. (1998). “High performance concrete”. E & FN spon, An imprint of rout ledge, London.

[2]. Bentz, D.P. (2000). “Fibres, percolation and spalling of high performance concrete”. ACI Materials Journal, 97 (3), 351 - 359.

[3]. Breitenbucher. (1998). “Developments and applications of high performance concrete”. Materials and Structures, 31 (3), 209 - 215.

[4]. Chan, S.Y.N., Luo, X., & Sun, W. (2000). “Effect of high temperature and cooling regimes on the compressive strength and pore properties of high performance concrete”. Construction and Building Materials, 14 (5), 261 - 266.

[5]. Cheng, F-P., Kodur, V.K.R., & Wang, T-C. (2004). “Stressstrain curves for high strength concrete at elevated temperatures”. ASCE Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 16 (1), 84 - 90.

[6]. Edwards, D.L. (2000). “HPC on bridges - The florida experience”. Concrete International, 22 (2), 63 - 65.

[7]. Ganesan, N., & Sekar, T. (2003). “Mechanical properties of super-plasticized micro-silica modified high strength concrete”. Indian Concrete Institute Journal, 4 (3), 13 - 19.

[8]. Ganesan, N., & Sekar, T. (2005). “Permeability of steel fibre reinforced high performance concrete composites”. Journal of the Institution of Engineers, 86 (1), 8 - 11.

[9]. Husem, M. (2006). “The effects of high temperature on compressive and flexural strengths of ordinary and high performance concretes”. Fire Safety Journal, 41 (2), 155 - 163.

[10]. IS: 1489 (Part-I). (1991). “Specification for fly ash based Portland pozzolana cement”. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

[11]. IS: 383. (1970). “Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete”. Bureau of Indian Standards. New Delhi.

[12]. Kalifa, P., Chene, G., & Galle, C. (2001). High temperature behaviour of high performance concrete with polypropylene fibres – from spalling to microstructure. Cement and Concrete Research, 31 (10), 1487 - 1499.

[13]. Kodur, V.K.R., & McGrath, R. (2006). “Effect of silica fume and lateral confinement on fire endurance of high strength concrete columns”. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 33 (1), 93 - 102.

[14]. Kodur, V.K.R., & Sultan, M.A. (2003). “Effect of temperature on thermal properties of high strength concrete”. ASCE Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 15 (2), 101 - 107.

[15]. Kodur, V.K.R., Cheng, F-P., Wang, T-C., & Sultan, M.A. (2003). “Effect of strength and fibre reinforcement on fire resistance of high strength concrete columns”. ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, 129 (2), 253 - 259.

[16]. Krishnaraju, N. (1983). “Design of concrete mixes”, CBS Publishers and Distributors, Delhi.

[17]. Luo, X., Sun, W., & Chan, S.Y.N. (2000). “Effect of heating and cooling regimes on residual strength and microstructure of normal strength and high performance concretes”. Cement and Concrete Research, 30 (3), 379 - 383.

[18]. Luo, X., Sun, W., & Chan, Y.N. (2000). “Residual compressive strength and microstructure of high per formance concrete after exposure to high temperature”. Materials and Structures, 33, 294 - 298.

[19]. Mittal, A. (1998). “Development of high performance concrete for containment dome of kaiga atomic power project”. The Indian Concrete Journal, 72 (4), 193 - 202.

[20]. Oh, B. H., Cha, S.W., Jang, B.S., & Jang, S.Y. (2002). “Development of high performance concrete having high resistance to chloride penetration”. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 212 (1-3), 221 - 231.

[21]. Phan, L.T., & Carino, N.J. (2002). “Effects of test conditions and mixture proportions on behaviour of high strength concrete exposed to high temperatures”. ACI Materials Journal, 99 (1), 54 - 56.

[22]. Phan, L.T., Lawson, J.R., & Davis, F.L. (2001). “Effects of elevated temperature on heating characteristics, spalling and residual properties of high performance concrete”. Materials and Structures, 34, 83 - 91.

[23]. Russell, H.G. (1999). “ACI defines high performance concrete”. Concrete International, 21 (2), 56 - 57.

[24]. Saini, S., Dhuri, S.S., Kanhere, D.K., & Momin, S.S. (2001). “High performance concrete for an urban viaduct in Mumbai”. The Indian Concrete Journal, 75 (10), 634 - 640.

[25]. Wu, B., Su, X-P., Li, H., & Yuan, J. (2002). “Effect of high temperature on residual mechanical properties of confined and unconfined high strength concrete”. ACI Materials Journal, 99 (4), 399 - 407.

[26]. Zhang, B., Bicanic, N., Pearce, C.J., & Balabanic, G. (2001). “Residual fracture properties of normal- and highstrength concretes subjected to elevated temperatures”.

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Research Paper

Steel Fibre Reinforced High Performance Concrete Beam under Half Cyclic Loading

K. Gomathi* , S. Elavenil**

* Research Student, SRM University, Chennai.

** Professor, School of Mechanical and Building Sciences, V.I.T. University, Vandalur, Chennai.

Gomathi, K., and Elavenil, S. (2014). Steel Fibre Reinforced High Performance Concrete Beam under Half Cyclic Loading . i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(4), 32-37. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.4.2756

Abstract

Concrete structures are often subjected to various types of static and dynamic forces. Fibre reinforcement improves the behaviour of reinforced concrete beams. Experimental investigations were made to study the response of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams under half cyclic loading. Fourteen beams, of which two were control beams, all having size of 150x225x1800 mm length are prepared using cement concrete grade M 30 and designed as under reinforced beam. Twelve beams are strengthened with the addition of straight steel fibres in different volume fraction of 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% for the aspect ratios of 65 and 80. The observations of ductility, rotational capacity and residual strength are compared with steel fibre reinforced concrete beams through hysteric load-deflection and moment-rotation curves. It was found that the provision of 1 % volume fraction of fibres with aspect ratio 80 has better performance in terms of 18% increase in ductility index, 5.4% increase in rotational capacity and 44% increase in residual strength. Steel fibre reinforced concrete beams have exhibited smaller crack width compared with control beams.

References

[1]. Abhijit Mukherjee, Mangesh Joshi, (2005). “FRPC reinforced concrete beam - column joints under cyclic excitation” - Composite structures 70- 185 – 199.

[2]. Elavenil.S., Radhakrishnan., Elangovan.a.R., Arumugam. (2005). “Dynamic Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Plates”, Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.18(3) July, pp:89-98.

[3]. Elavenil.S, Samuel Knight .G.M. (2006) “ Study on the Dynamic Behaviour of SFRC and RCC plates using Finite Element Method” Journal of American Science, Vol.2,No.4 pp 1 –8.

[4]. N.Ganesan, P.V.Indira and Ruby Abraham, (2007). “Steel fibre reinforced high performance concrete beam colunmn joints subjected to cyclic loading” ISTE Journal of Earthquake Technology, Vol. 44 .

[5]. Jachong Kim, James M.LaFave (2007). “Key influence parameters for the joint shear behaviour of reinforced concrete RC beam column connections”, Engineering structures, 29, 2523-2539.

[6]. Jung-Yoon Lee, Jin-Young Kim, Gi-Jong Oh (2009). “Strength deterioration of reinforced concrete beamcolumn joints subjected to cyclic loading” Engineering Structures 31 2070-2085.

[7]. Luoman Li, John B.Mander and Rajesh P.Dhakal, (2008). “Bidirectional cyclic loading experiment on a 3 D beam column joint designed for damage avoidance”, Journal of Structural Engineering.

[8]. Laura N.Lowes and ArashAltoontash, (2003). “Modeling RC beam column joints subjected to cyclic loading”, Journal of Structural Engineering.

[9]. Yung-Chih Wang, Ming-Gin Lee, (2007). ”Ultra high strength steel fiber reinforced concrete for strengthening of RCframes”, Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol.15.

i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering (JSTE)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 4

Most Read

Most Cited

Volume 2 Issue 4 December - February 2014

An Experimental Study on High Strength Concrete using Fly Ash and Alccofine

Mohammed Qureshi* , Yogendra Tandel**, Bhavin Patel***

Qureshi, M., Tandel, Y., and Patel, B. (2014). An Experimental Study on High Strength Concrete using Fly Ash and Alccofine. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(4), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.4.2752

Abstract

References

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Optimal Dynamic Allocation of Servers to Tasks using Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Algorithm

Shalabh Bhatnagar* , Shreya Thusoo**

* Professor, Department of Computer Science and Automation, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. ** Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India.

Bhatnagar, S., and Thusoo, S. (2014). Optimal Dynamic Allocation of Servers to Tasks using Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Algorithm. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(4), 10-16. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.4.2753

Abstract

References

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Comparative Study and Analysis of Multi-Storied Base Isolated Building

Shakir Gani* , 0**

* M.Tech Student, Civil Engineering Department, Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering & Management, Nagpur, India. ** Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering & Management, Nagpur, India.

Gani, S., and Gharad, A.M. (2014). Comparative Study and Analysis of Multi-Storied Base Isolated Building. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(4), 17-23. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.4.2754

Abstract

References

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Effect of High Temperature and Cooling Regimes on Residual Properties and Spalling of HPFRCC

T. Sekar*

*Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering, Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, India.

Sekar, T. (2014). Effect of High Temperature and Cooling Regimes on Residual Properties and Spalling of HPFRCC. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(4), 24-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.4.2755

Abstract

References

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Steel Fibre Reinforced High Performance Concrete Beam under Half Cyclic Loading

K. Gomathi* , S. Elavenil**

* Research Student, SRM University, Chennai. ** Professor, School of Mechanical and Building Sciences, V.I.T. University, Vandalur, Chennai.

Gomathi, K., and Elavenil, S. (2014). Steel Fibre Reinforced High Performance Concrete Beam under Half Cyclic Loading . i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(4), 32-37. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.4.2756

Abstract

References

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Mohammed Qureshi* , Yogendra Tandel, Bhavin Patel*

* Professor, Department of Computer Science and Automation, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.

** Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India.

* M.Tech Student, Civil Engineering Department, Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering & Management, Nagpur, India.

** Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering & Management, Nagpur, India.

* Research Student, SRM University, Chennai.

** Professor, School of Mechanical and Building Sciences, V.I.T. University, Vandalur, Chennai.