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i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering (JSTE)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 4

Most Cited

Volume 2 Issue 2 June - August 2013

Research Paper

Pendulam Impact Test on RCC and SFRC Plates

S. Elavenil*

*Professor in Civil Engineering, School of Mechanical and Building Sciences, V.I.T.University (Chennai Campus),Vandalur, Chennai.

Elavenil, S. (2013). Pendulam Impact Test on RCC and SFRC Plates. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.2.2381

Abstract

Concrete structures are often subjected to various types of dynamic forces. Fibre reinforcement improves the dynamic behavior of reinforced concrete plates under impact loading. The paper reports an experimental investigation on the dynamic behavior of Steel Fibre Reinforced Cement Concrete (SFRC) plates under pendulum impact test. The variables considered were percentage volume fraction of steel fibres, aspect ratio, the angle of impact and the thickness of the plate. The peak amplitude versus frequency behavior of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete plates was studied. The magnitude of amplitude increases in the order of 30% for Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete plates fixed on two sides as compared to plates fixed on all four sides. The increase in aspect ratio of steel fibres shows a 30% higher frequency. It is observed that the drop in the peak amplitude is gradual for steel fibre reinforced plates fixed on four sides. Based on the peak amplitude versus frequency behaviour, the numerical expression for amplitude in terms of frequency is suggested.

References

[1]. Ayaho Miyamoto., Michael W. King, & Manabu Fujii. (1991). “Non Linear Dynamic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Slabs Under Impulsive Loads”, ACI Structural Journal, Vol.88, No.4, pp. 411 - 419.

[2]. Bhat, R.B., Laura, P.A.A., Gutierrez, R.G., & Cortinez V.H. (1990). “Numerical Experiments on the Determination of Natural Frequencies of Transverse Vibrations of Rectangular Plates of Non - Uniform Thickness”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol.138, No.2, pp. 205 - 219.

[3]. Craig, M., Newtson, & Marc O. Eberhard. (2000). “Nondestructive Evaluation Using Numerical Simulation of Impact Response”, ACI Material Journal, Vol.97, No.3, pp. 343 - 350.

[4]. Dawe, D.J & Wang S. (1994). “Buckling of Composite Plates and Plate Structures Using the Spline Finite Strip Method”, Composite Engineering, Vol.4, No.11, pp. 1099 - 1117.

[5]. Deolasi P.J., Datta., P.K & Prabhakara, D.L. (1995). “Buckling and Vibration of Rectangular Plates Subjected to Partial Edge Loading”, Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.22, No.3, pp.135 - 144.

[6]. Elavenil.S., Radhakrishnan.,Elangovan.a.,. R.,Arumugam. (2005). “ Dynamic behaviour of steel fibre reinforced concrete plates”, Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.18(3) July, pp:89-98.

[7]. Elavenil.S, Samuel Knight .G.M. (2006) “ Study on the Dynamic Behaviour of SFRC and RCC plates using Finite Element Method” Journal of American Science, Vol.2, No.4 pp 1 –8.

[8]. Ercoli, L., Laura, P.A.A., & Gil, R. (1990). “Fundamental Frequency of Vibration of Rectangular Plates of Discontinuously Varying Thickness with a Free Edge: Analytical and Experimental Results”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol.141, No.2, pp. 221 -229.

[9]. Glovanni Belingardi., & Roberto Vadori. (2003), “Influence of the Laminate Thickness in Low Velocity Impact Behaviour of Composite Plate”, Composite Structures, Vol.61 pp. 27 -38.

[10]. Gajbir Singh., Kanaka Raju, K., Venkateswara Rao G. (1990). “Non Linear Vibrations of Simply Supported Rectangular Cross - Ply Plates”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol.142, No.2, pp. 213 - 226.

[11]. Gorman, D.J & Wei Ding. (2003). “Accurate Free Vibration Analysis of Completely Free Symmetric Cross - Ply Rectangular Laminated Plates”, Composite Structures, Vol.60, pp. 359 - 365.

[12]. Humayun, R. H., Kabir. (2004). “Free Vibration Response and Mode Shapes of Arbitrarily Laminated Rectangular Plates”, Composite Structures, Vol.65 pp. 13 - 27.

[13]. Kobayashi, H. & Sonoda, K. (1991). “Vibration and Buckling of Tapered Rectangular Plates with Two Opposite Edges Simply Supported and the other Two Edges Elastically Restrained Against Rotation”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol.146, No.2, pp. 323 -337.

[14]. Li., Jian Bao Li., & Rou Qi Zhang. (2004). “Energy - Absorption Performance of Porous Materials in Sandwitch Composites Under Hypervelocity Impact ling”, Composite Structures, Vol .64, pp. 71 -78.

[15]. Mili F., &d Necib B. (2001). “Impact Behaviour of Cross Ply Laminated Composite Plates Under Low Velocities”, Composite Structures, Vol.51, pp. 237 - 244.

[16]. Ong, K.C.G., Basheerkhan, M., & Paramasivam P. (1999),.“Resistance of Fibre Concrete Slabs to Low Velocity Projectile Impact”, Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol.21, pp. 391 – 401.

[17]. Schrader., Ernest., K. (1981). 'Impact resistance and test procedure for concrete', ACI Journal Proceedings, Vol.78,No.2,Mar – apr. pp.141 – 146.

[18]. Serge Abrate. (2001). “Modeling of impacts on composite structures”,Composite Structures, Vol. 51,pp.129-138.

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Research Paper

Detection and Adjustment of NonstationaryCorrosion Measurements

Richard H. Mccuen* , Dawn E. Klinesmith**

* Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park.

** Research Assistant, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park .

McCuen, R.H., and Klinesmith, D.E. (2013). Detection and Adjustment of Nonstationary Corrosion Measurements. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(2), 9-16. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.2.2382

Abstract

Traditionally, power models that are calibrated to compute corrosion loss of steel and other metals are based on time series of measured thickness losses. The models are based on the assumption that the environmental conditions remain constant over the period of data collection. Given changes in climate and air quality laws, an assumption of statistical stationarity for thickness loss measurements is almost certainly not rational. The goal of this study was to provide a framework for detecting nonstationarity in thickness loss data and then for adjusting the measured data found to be temporally nonhomogeneous. The adjusted values would then represent a specific environmental condition over the duration of the data collection. Specific statistical tests are recommended for the detection of nonstationarity. After nonstationarity is confirmed, a procedure to adjust the measured data to a stationary record is presented. The modeling framework is illustrated using two types of data: one-year corrosion loss data of zinc due to variation in atmospheric SO 2 concentrations and steel corrosion loss rates collected over a period of time when SO concentrations varied. The results 2 show that modeling atmospheric corrosion using nonstationary loss data can lead to inaccurate estimates of thickness loss. The adjustment of measured data to a constant environmental state will be beneficial in economic analyses, risk studies, and planning for changes in air pollution laws.

References

[1]. Gilbert, R.O. (1987). Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York.

[2]. Klinesmith, D.E., McCuen, R.H., & Albrecht, P. (2004). “The Effect of Environmental Conditions on Corrosion Rates.” (under Journal review)

[3]. Larrabee, C.P. (1959). “Corrosion Resistance of High-Strength Low Alloy Steels as Influenced by Composition and Environment.” Corrosion. 9(8): 259-271.

[4]. McCuen, R.H. (2003). Modeling Hydrologic Change. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

[5]. Morcillo, M., Almeida, E., Chico, B., & de la Fuente, D. (2002) “Analysis of ISO Standard 9223 (Classification of Corrosivity of Atmospheres) in Light of Information Obtained in the Ibero-American Micat Project, “Outdoor Atmospheric Corrosion, ASTM STP 1421, H.E. Townsend (ed.), Amer. Soc. Testing and Materials Intern., West Conshohocken, PA.

[6]. Shumway, R.H. (1988). Applied Statistical Time Series Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.

[7]. Tidblad, J., Kucera, V., Mikhailov, A.A., Henriksen, J., Kreislova, K., Yates, T., & Singer, B. (2002a). “Field Exposure Results on Trends in Atmospheric Corrosion and Pollution.” Outdoor Atmospheric Corrosion, ASTM STP 1421, H.E. Townsend (ed.), Amer. Soc. Testing and Materials Intern., West Conshohocken, PA.

[8]. Tidblad, J., Kucera, V., Mikhailov, A.A., & Knotkova, D. (2002b). “Improvement of the ISO Classification System Based on Dose-Response Functions Describing the Corrosivity of Outdoor Atmosphere.” Outdoor Atmospheric Corrosion, ASTM STP 1421, H.E. Townsend (ed.), Amer. Soc. Testing and Materials Intern., West Conshohocken, PA.

[9]. Townsend, H.E. (2001). “Effects of Alloying Elements on the Corrosion of Steel in Industrial Atmospheres,” Corrosion. 57(6): 497-501.

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Research Paper

Behaviour of Bolted Cold-Formed Steel Angle Tension Members

Abida Justus* , R. Padmapriya**

* Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Sathyabama University, Chennai, India.

** Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sathyabama University, Chennai, India.

Justus, A., and Padmapriya, R. (2013). Behaviour of Bolted Cold-Formed Steel Angle Tension Members. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(2), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.2.2383

Abstract

Tension members are frequently encountered as principal structural members in trusses and lateral bracing system in general construction and its connections are of significant importance in any steel design. The use of cold-formed steel tension members in variety of structures has increased these days. The main objective of the study is to investigate the behavior of cold formed steel single and double angle specimens. Forty eight experiments were conducted on single and double angles of different cross sections with single and double line connection. The cold formed steel angle specimens used in this investigation were fabricated from cold formed steel sheets of thickness 2mm by bending and press breaking operations. Eight single plain angle specimens, eight single lipped angle specimens and thirty two numbers of double angle specimens connected to the same side and opposite side of the gusset plate were tested in an Universal Testing Machine using ordinary black bolts of 10mm diameter. All the specimens were tested to failure. Various types of connection failure, Load vs deflection behavior were studied. Comparison of ultimate load calculated using BS 5950(Part V)-1998, AS/NZS 4600:2005 and experimental loads were also studied.

References

[1]. AISI commentary (2007). 'Design of Cold-formed Steel Structural Members “, North American Specification.

[2]. AS/NZS: 4600 (2005). 'Cold-formed Steel Structures', Australia / New Zealand Standard.

[3]. BS:5950-Part 5 (1998),.'Structural Use of Steelwork in Building-Code of practice for design of cold-formed thin gauge sections', British Standards Institution.

[4]. Chesson EFjr. & Munse W.H (1963). “Riveted and bolted joints truss type tensile connections”, J.Struct Div., ASCE, Vol. 89(1), pp 67 – 106.

[5]. Chi – Ling pan. (2004). “Prediction of the strength of bolted cold – formed channel sections in tension”, Thin walled structures , Vol. 42 , pp 1177 – 1198.

[6]. Epstein, H.I., & Chamarajanagar, R.,(1996). “Finite element studies for correlation with block shear tests, “Computers and Structures”, Vol.61, No.5, pp 967-974.

[7]. Eric Yue Wu & Geoffrey L.Kulak (1997), “Shear lag in bolted angle tension members”, Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.123, No.9 pp 1144-1152.

[8]. Gupta, L.M., & Mohan Gupta (2004). “Evaluation of stress distribution in bolted steel angles under tension”, Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering.

[9]. Gupta L.M., & Mohan Gupta., (2005). “Limit state design of bolted steel angles under tension”, Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.31, No.4, pp265-274.

[10]. LaBoube R.A., & Yu W.W. (1995). 'Tensile and bearing capacities of bolted connections', Final summary Report, Civil Engineering study 95-6, University of Missouri-Rolla.

[11]. Prabha.P., ArulJayachandran.S., Saravanan.M., & Marimuthu.V (2011). 'Prediction of the tensile capacity of cold formed angles experiencing shear lag', Thin-walled structures, Vol. 49, pp.1348-1358.

[12]. Valdier Francisco de Paula., Luciano Mendes Bezerra., & William Taylor Matias (2008). 'Efficiency reduction due to shear lag on bolted cold-formed steel angles', Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol.64, pp.571-583.

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Research Paper

Use of Green Shade Net in Silt Soil in Highway Construction

Parveen Berwal* , Isha Verma**

* Faculty, Civil Engineering Deportment, BRCM College of Engineering and Technology, Bahal, Bhiwani, India.

** Faculty, Civil Engineering Deportment, University Institute of Technology, Maharishi Dayanad University, Rohtak, India.

Berwal, P., and Verma, I. (2013). Use of Green Shade Net in Silt Soil in Highway Construction. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(2), 26-29. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.2.2384

Abstract

As we all know construction industry is increasing day by day and there is a great need of aggregate in road construction and in building construction. This paper discusses the feasibility of using green shade fabric for application in road construction based on the laboratory investigation and field trial. Green shade fabric is made up of synthetic fiber such as polypropylene and polyethylene. These fibers are either as flat tape or threads woven or knitted in various way. The specific weight of the material is 0.97 and the melting point is 125-135°C. The fabric is holding good strength in soil and provides good resistance against the load. In this paper, test are done of different sample like sample 1, 2, 3 and sample 4 which are at ½, ¼, depth, at top and without fabric material. The results indicate that green shade net fabric can be used in road construction in case of silt soil, and holds a good promise for better improvement in road construction.

References

[1]. Consistency limit of soil ( IS: 2720-PART 5)

[2]. Grain size analysis (IS:2720-PART 4)

[3]. Compaction test (IS:2720-PART 7, 8)

[4]. California bearing ratio test (IS: 2720- PART 16)

[5]. Text book of Highway Engineering by Khanna & Justo

[6]. Text book of Soil Mechanics by K.R.Arora

[7]. ASTM Standards D1883-05 and D4429

[8]. AASHTO T193

[9]. ISO 14688

[10]. Moss,AJ., Green,P. (1975). “Sand and silt grain: predetermination of their formation and properties by microstructure in quartz”. Australian Journal of Earth Science.

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Research Paper

Bond Characteristics of Waste Plastic Fibre Reinforced Concrete - an Experimental Investigation

Prahallada M.C.* , Prakash K.B.**

* Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Christ University Faculty of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

** Principal, Government College of Engineering, Haveri, Karnataka, India.

Prahallada, M.C., and Prakash, K.B. (2013). Bond Characteristics of Waste Plastic Fibre Reinforced Concrete - an Experimental Investigation. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(2), 30-33. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.2.2385

Abstract

The presence of fibres restricts the growth of creep and shrinkage strains and hence, the skin around the rebar in concrete has better resistance against pullout. Therefore, the bond strength increases by the fibre addition. The contribution of waste plastic fibres towards the bond strength characteristics of FRC is investigated in the present study. A total of 27 specimens were cast to study the variation in bond resistance due to variation in percentage of plastic fibres for the pre-fixed aspect ratio with centrally placed medium tensile steel bar as reinforcement. A definite increase in the interfacial force at the surface of reinforcing bar is observed, due to use of fibre reinforced concrete replacing ordinary concrete. The contribution of fibres in increasing the interfacial forces is evaluated in terms of increase over plain concrete.

References

[1]. Abdeldjelil Belarbi., Huanzi Wang. “Bond-slip response of FRP reinforcing bars in fiber reinforced concrete under direct pull out”.

[2]. Balamukund.K.V., et al”. “Bond strength of fibre reinforced concrete”, Proceedings of the National Conference on Civil Engineering Materials and Structures, Jan 19-21, Osmania University, India.

[3]. Dhirendra singhal., et al”. “Effect of fibre shape on bond strength of SFRC”, IE (I) Journal-CV

[4]. Job Thomas, Syam Prakash,V. (1999). “Strength and behavior of plastic fibre reinforced concrete”, Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol 26, No.3, pp. 187-191.

[5]. Samen Ezeldin. A., Balaguru. P. N. (1989)., “Bond behavior of normal and high strength fiber reinforced concrete”, ACI Material Journal, pp.515-524.

[6]. Singh. A. P. Singhal. D. [1998]. “Effect shapes on compressive and bond strengths of steel fibre reinforced concrete”, IE (I) Journal-CV, Vol 79.

i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering (JSTE)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 4

Most Read

Most Cited

Volume 2 Issue 2 June - August 2013

Pendulam Impact Test on RCC and SFRC Plates

S. Elavenil*

*Professor in Civil Engineering, School of Mechanical and Building Sciences, V.I.T.University (Chennai Campus),Vandalur, Chennai.

Elavenil, S. (2013). Pendulam Impact Test on RCC and SFRC Plates. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.2.2381

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Detection and Adjustment of NonstationaryCorrosion Measurements

Richard H. Mccuen* , Dawn E. Klinesmith**

* Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park. ** Research Assistant, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park .

McCuen, R.H., and Klinesmith, D.E. (2013). Detection and Adjustment of Nonstationary Corrosion Measurements. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(2), 9-16. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.2.2382

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Behaviour of Bolted Cold-Formed Steel Angle Tension Members

Abida Justus* , R. Padmapriya**

* Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Sathyabama University, Chennai, India. ** Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sathyabama University, Chennai, India.

Justus, A., and Padmapriya, R. (2013). Behaviour of Bolted Cold-Formed Steel Angle Tension Members. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(2), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.2.2383

Abstract

References

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Pdf

Use of Green Shade Net in Silt Soil in Highway Construction

Parveen Berwal* , Isha Verma**

* Faculty, Civil Engineering Deportment, BRCM College of Engineering and Technology, Bahal, Bhiwani, India. ** Faculty, Civil Engineering Deportment, University Institute of Technology, Maharishi Dayanad University, Rohtak, India.

Berwal, P., and Verma, I. (2013). Use of Green Shade Net in Silt Soil in Highway Construction. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(2), 26-29. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.2.2384

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Bond Characteristics of Waste Plastic Fibre Reinforced Concrete - an Experimental Investigation

Prahallada M.C.* , Prakash K.B.**

* Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Christ University Faculty of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. ** Principal, Government College of Engineering, Haveri, Karnataka, India.

Prahallada, M.C., and Prakash, K.B. (2013). Bond Characteristics of Waste Plastic Fibre Reinforced Concrete - an Experimental Investigation. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 2(2), 30-33. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.2.2.2385

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

* Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park.

** Research Assistant, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park .

* Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Sathyabama University, Chennai, India.

** Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sathyabama University, Chennai, India.

* Faculty, Civil Engineering Deportment, BRCM College of Engineering and Technology, Bahal, Bhiwani, India.

** Faculty, Civil Engineering Deportment, University Institute of Technology, Maharishi Dayanad University, Rohtak, India.

* Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Christ University Faculty of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

** Principal, Government College of Engineering, Haveri, Karnataka, India.