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i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering (JSTE)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 4

Most Cited

Volume 1 Issue 2 June - August 2012

Research Paper

Factors Important in Developing Regional Steel Corrosion Models

Meghan O'dea* , Frank C. Graham, Richard H. Mccuen*

* Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park.

Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park.

* The Ben Dyer Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park.

O'dea, M., Graham, F.C., and Mccuen, R.H. (2012). Factors Important in Developing Regional Steel Corrosion Models. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 1(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.1.2.1926

Abstract

Existing models for predicting long-term corrosion rates are generally power models with exposure time as the independent variable, with separate models for steel type and environment (i.e., urban, rural, marine). An international data base, with data from eight countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Japan, South Africa, Sweden, and the U.S.), was analyzed to examine the effects of exposure time, sample replication, sample size, steel type, the angle and direction of exposure, and the environment. Four steel types were included in the data: A588, A242, copper, and carbon. The results indicate that a global model would not provide accurate predictions, but it was possible to regionalize data for central Europe. Replication of samples was shown to be important for some types of steels in urban and marine environments, but not important for rural environments. The duration of exposure is very important, with some exposure durations being much more important than others. North-facing specimens were shown to corrode more than those facing south, and vertical specimens corroded more than those exposed at an angle of 30°. The amount of corrosion varied with steel type, but less with the country in which the data were collected. These results indicate that corrosion model accuracy can be improved by accounting for these other factors.

References

[1]. ASTM (1989). Standard Guide for Applying Statistics to Analysis of Corrosion Data. G16-88.

[2]. Baboian, R. (1990). “Corrosion-A Problem of International Importance.” Corrosion Testing and Evaluation: Silver Anniversary Volume, ASTM STP 1000, 7-13.

[3]. Cook, D.C., et al. (2000). “Atmospheric Corrosion in Marine Environments along the Gulf of Mexico.” Marine Corrosion in Tropical Environments, ASTM STP 1399, 75-97.

[4]. Dean, S.W. (1995). “Analysis of four years of Exposure Data from the USA Contribution to ISO CORRAG Program.” Atmospheric Corrosion. ASTM STP 1239. Philadelphia, PA.

[5]. Dean, S.W., and Reiser, D.B. (2002). “Analysis of Long-Term Atmospheric Corrosion Results from ISO CORRAG Program.” Outdoor Atmospheric Corrosion, ASTM STP 1421. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.

[6]. Klassen, R.D., Roberge, P.R., Lenard, D.R., and Blenkinsop, G.N. (2002). “Corrosivity Patterns Near Sources of Salt Aerosols.” Outdoor Atmospheric Corrosion, ASTM STP 1421, (H. Townsend, ed.), ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA. 19-33.

[7]. Knotkova, D., et al. (1995). “Results of ISO CORRAG Program: Processing of One-Year Data in Respect to Corrosivity Classification.” Atmospheric Corrosion, ASTM STP 1239, 43.

[8]. McCuen, R.H. (1993). Microcomputer Applications in Statistical Hydrology. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.

[9]. McCuen, R., and Albrecht, P. (1994). “Composite Modeling of Atmospheric Corrosion Penetration Data.” Application of Accelerated Corrosion Tests to Service Life Prediction of Materials, ASTM STP 1194, 71-74.

[10]. McNemar, Q. (1969). Psychological Statistics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.

[11]. Melchers, R. (1999). “Corrosion uncertainty modeling for steel structures.” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 52, 3-19.

[12]. Morcillo, M., Feliu, S., and Simancas, J. (1993). “Deviation from Bilogarithmic Law for Atmospheric Corrosion of Steel.” British Corrosion Journal, 28 (1), 50-52.

[13]. Punckt, C., and seven others. (2004). “Sudden Onset of Pitting Corrosion on Stainless Steel as a Critical Phenomena.” Science. Vol. 305: 1133-1135, August 20.

[14]. Tidblad, J., et al. (2002). “Field Exposure Results on Trends in Atmospheric Corrosion and Pollution.” Outdoor Atmospheric Corrosion, ASTM STP 1421, 34-47.

[15]. Townsend, H.E. (2001). “Effects of Alloying Elements on the Corrosion of Steel in Industrial Atmospheres.” Corrosion, 57, 497-501.

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Research Paper

Studies on Plastic Mixed Concrete with Conventional Concrete

S. Saravanan* , M.R. Akarsh, S. Elavenil*

* Assistant Professor, Sri Muthukumaran Institute of Technology, Chennai.

PG student, SRM University, Chennai.

* Professor, SRM University, Chennai.

Saravanan, S., Akarsh, M.R., and Elavenil, S. (2012). Studies on Plastic Mixed Concrete with Conventional Concrete. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 1(2), 11-17. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.1.2.1927

Abstract

Large quantity of waste plastic could be disposed in an environmental friendly manner. Currently, most researches are focused on determining a good way to eliminate waste by using it as alternative material in the applications of civil and industrial engineering. The waste plastic materials could be powdered and mixed with the concrete and used for fabrication of structural elements. Advanced composites such as fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) are promising and competitive materials that have great potential for use in high value added applications due to their superior characteristics in terms of high stiffness, low density and water absorption, high tensile strength, corrosion resistance and being used in a number of applications. The main aim of this study is to find out an environmental friendly way of disposing waste plastic by reusing principle and to study the behavior of plastic mixed concrete. In this study, the effective ways to reutilize the plastic waste particles as filler is analyzed. The strength characteristics of concrete containing recycled waste plastic material are determined.

References

[1]. J.G. Cabrera. Deterioration of concrete due to reinforcement steel corrosion. J Cement and Concrete Composites 18 (1): 47-52. (1996).

[2]. Philip A. Ritchie, David A. Thomas, Le-Wu Lu, and Guy M. Conelly. External Reinforcement of Concrete Beams Using Fiber Reinforced Plastics. ACI Journal; 88 (4): 490-500. (1991).

[3]. Jiangyuan Hou, D.D.L. Chung. Effect of admixtures in concrete on the corrosion resistance of steel reinforced concrete. J Corrosion Science; 42 (9): 1489–1507 (2001).

[4]. P. Balaguru and Andrew Foden. Properties of Fiber Reinforced Structural Lightweight Concrete. ACI Journal; 93 (1): 62-78(1996).

[5]. S.J. Pickering. Recycling technologies for thermoset composite materials – current status. The 2nd International Conference Advanced Polymer Composites for Structural Applications in Construction. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing; 37 (8): 1206–15(2006).

[6]. Konstantinos A. Komnitsas. Potential of geopolymer technology towards green buildings and sustainable cities. J Procedia Engineering; 21: 1023-32 (2011).

[7]. Ankit Agarwal, Ashish Singhmar, Mukul Kulshrestha, Atul K. Mittal. Municipal Solid waste recycling and associated markets in Delhi, India. J Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2005; 44(1): 73-90.

[8]. G. de la Puente, C. Klocker, U. Sedran. Conversion of waste plastics in to fuels: Recycling polyethylene in FCC. J Applied Catalysis B: Environmental; 36 (4): 279-85 (2002).

[9]. Klaus Bellmann, Anshuman Khare. Economic issues in recycling end – of-life vehicles. JTechnovation; 20(12): 677-90 (2000).

[10]. Tadao Kasakura, Reiji Noda. Trends in waste plastics and Recycling. J Material Cycles and waste Management (2000).

[11]. Virendra Misra, S.D. Pandey. Hazardous waste, impact on health and environment for development of better waste management strategies in future in India. J Environmental International; 31(30): 417-31 (2005).

[12]. Moustafa A Chaaban. Hazardous waste source reduction in materials and processing technologies. J Materials Processing Technology; 119 (1-3):336-43 (2001).

[13]. IS 12269:1987 Specifications for 53 Grade Ordinary Portland cement, Indian Standards Institution, New Delhi, India.

[14]. IS 383-1970 Indian Standard Specification for Coarse and Fine aggregates from natural sources for Concrete (second revision), Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.

[15]. IS 10262-1982 & SP 23:1982. Recommended Guidelines for concrete Mix. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.

[16]. IS 516-1959. Indian Standard Methods of Test for Strength of concrete. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.

[17]. IS 456:2000. Plain and Reinforced Concrete – code of practice (fourth revision), Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.

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Research Paper

Reinforced Beam Column Corner Joints: Analytical and Experimental Study

Manpreet Kaur* , Roshan Lal**

* Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, PAU, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.

** Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India.

Kaur, M., and Lal, R. (2012). Reinforced Beam Column Corner Joints: Analytical and Experimental Study . i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 1(2), 18-25. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.1.2.1929

Abstract

Beams and columns are the back bone of every structure. The principles of detailing and structural behavior are well established for simple structural members such as beams and columns. On the other hand, the detailing, strength and behavior of corner joints, especially those subjected to opening bending moments have not been conclusively investigated. The present work has, therefore, been planned to investigate the behavior of reinforced concrete corner joints with three detailing arrangements subjected to opening bending moment. The objective of this study is to investigate and identify the detailing system promising best structural performance and also to analytically analyze the selected detailing system by using finite element software ANSYS. Concrete is represented by eight nodded element and the reinforcement is represented by two nodded bar element embedded in the concrete elements. Newton-Raphson’s method is employed for the non-linear solution algorithm and a displacement criterion is adopted for checking the convergence of the solution. There is a good agreement between analytical and experimental results.

References

[1]. Uma S.R., and Meher Prasad A. (2006). “Seismic Behaviour of beam column joints in Reinforced Concrete Moment Resisting Frame”, Indian Concrete Journal, January.

[2]. Dhar, V.N., and Dr. Singh, R.P. (2004). “Chamfering and Reinforcement Detailing in Reinforced Concrete Corner Subjected to Opening Moment”, IE (I) Journal-CV Volume 84, Feb., 244-251.

[3]. Singh, Bhupinder and Kaushik, S.K. (2003). “Investigation on Fibre Reinforced Concrete Opening Corners”, Indian Concrete Journal, V.84, Nov., pp 201-209.

[4]. Subramanian, N., and D.S. Prakash Rao. (2003). “Seismic design of Joints in RC Structures- A Review”, Indian Concrete Journal, February.

[5]. Shing, P.B, and Tanabe, T.A., Ed (2001). “Modeling of Inelastic Behaviour of RC Structures under seismic loads”, American Society of Civil Engineers.

[6]. Johansson, M. (2001). “Reinforcement Detailing in Concrete Frame Corners”, ACI Structural Journal, V.98, No.1, Jan.-Feb., pp.105-115.

[7]. BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS (BIS) (2000). “Plain and reinforced concrete—Code of practice.” IS 456 (4th rev.), New Delhi, India.

[8]. Abdul-Wahab, H.M.S., and Salman, S.A.R. (1999). “Effect of Corner Angle on Efficiency of Reinforced Concrete Joints under Opening Bending Moment”, ACI Structural Journal, Vol.96, No.1, Jan.-Feb., pp.115-121.

[9]. Abdul-Wahab, H.M.S., and Al-Roubai, A.A.M. (1998). “Strength and Behaviour of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Corners under Opening Bending Moment”, Magazine of Concrete Research, V.50, No.4, December, pp.305-318.

[10]. ANSYS Analysis Guide.

[11]. BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS (BIS) (1997). “Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing”. SP 34:1987, New Delhi, India.

[12]. BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS (BIS) (1997). “Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected to Seismic Forces“. IS 13920-1993, New Delhi, India.

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Research Paper

Non-Linear Transient Vibration Analysis of plates using Modified Linearization Technique

Rajesh Kumar*

*Structural Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India.

Kumar, R. (2012). Non-Linear Transient Vibration Analysis of plates using Modified Linearization Technique. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 1(2), 26-35. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.1.2.1928

Abstract

A new numerical technique known as the multi-step transversal linearization (MTL), which is developed within a finite element framework is presented for non-linear transient behavior of isotropic and stiffened plates. In the MTL approach, the non-linear parts of the vector fields are converted to a set of equivalent and conditional forcing terms. These forcing terms are so constructed that the linearized vector field remains identical with the original one at a chosen set of discretization points distributed spatially across the domain of the problem. In the present work, Lagrangian interpolation functions are used to semi-discretize the non-linear part of the operator over the spatial domain. The conditionally linearized vector field thus constructed is transversal to the original vector field at all points of discretization. These operations finally result in a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations for the solution vector, which are solved using Newmark integration technique.

References

[1]. Damil, N., Potier-Ferry, M., Najah, A., Chari, R., and Lahmam, H. (1999). “An Iterative Method Based upon Padé Approximants”, Int. J. for Num. Meth. Engng., Vol.45, pp.701-708.

[2]. Pollandt, R. (1997). "Solving Nonlinear Differential Equations of Mechanics with the Boundary Element Method and Radial Basis Functions", Int. J. Num. Meth. Engng., Vol. 40, pp. 61-73.

[3]. Bauer, H.F. (1968). “Non-linear response of elastic plates to pulse excitations”, Trans. ASME, J. Applied Mechanics. pp. 47-52.

[4]. Kobajashi, K., and Leissa, A.W. (1995). “Large amplitude free vibration of thick shallow shells supported by shear diaphragms”, Int. J. Non-linear Mech. Vol.30. pp. 57-66.

[5]. Prathap, G., and Pandalai, K.A.V. (1979). “Non-linear vibrations of transversely isotropic rectangular plates” Int. J. Non-linear Mech. Vol.13. pp. 285-294.

[6]. Wang. C.T. (1948). “Bending of rectangular plates with large deflection”, NACA TN-1462.

[7]. Ribeiro, P., and Petyt, M. (2000). “Non-linear free vibration of isotropic plates with internal resonance”, Int. J. Non-linear Mech. Vol.35. pp. 263-278.

[8]. Ganapathi, M., Patel, B.P., Boisse, P., and Touratier, M., (2000). “Non-linear dynamic stability characteristics of elastic plates subjected to periodic in-plane load”, Int. J. Non-linear Mech. Vol. 35. pp. 467-480.

[9]. Vannucci, P., Cochelin, B., Damil, N., and Potier-Ferry, M. (1998). “An Asymptotic-Numerical Method to Compute Bifurcating Branches”, Int. J. for Num. Meth. Engng. Vol. 41. pp.1365-1389.

[10]. Chu, H.N., and Herrmann, G. (1956). “Influence of large amplitude on free flexural vibrations of rectangular elastic plates”, J. Appl. Mech. Vol. 23. pp. 532-540.

[11]. Murthy, S.D.N., and Sherbourne, A.N. (1974). “Nonlinear Bending of Elastic Plates of Variable Profile”, Proc. ASCE, J. Engg. Mech. Div. Vol.100. No. EM2, pp. 251-265.

[12]. Turvey, G.J. (1978). “Large Deflection of Tapered Annular Plates by Dynamic Relaxation”, Proc. ASCE, J. Engg. Mech. Div. Vol.104. No.EM2, pp.351-366.

[13]. Little, G.H. (1987). “Efficient Large Deflection Analysis of Rectangular Orthotropic Plates by Direct Energy Minimisation”, Computer and Structures, Vol. 26, pp.871-884.

[14]. Koko, T.S., and Olson, M.D. (1991). “Non-Linear Analysis of Stiffened Plates using Super Elements”, Int. J. Num. Meth. Engng., Vol. 31, pp.319-349.

[15]. Soper, W.G. (1958). “Large deflection of stiffened plates”, Trans. ASME, Journal of Applied Mechanics, Dec., pp.444-448.

[16]. Prathap, G., and Varadan, T.K. (1978). “Large Amplitude Flexural Vibration of Stiffened Plates”, Jl. Of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 57(4), pp.583-593.

[17]. Coleby, J.R., and Mazumdar, J. (1982). “Non-Linear Vibrations of Elastic Plates Subjected to Transient Pressure Loading”, Jl. Of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 80(2), pp.193-201.

[18]. Jiang, J., and Olson, M.D. (1991). “Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Blast Loading Cylindrical Shell Structures”, Computer and Structures, Vol. 41(1), pp. 41-52.

[19]. Huffington, N.J., and Hoppmann, W.H. (1957). “On the Transverse Vibrations of Rectangular Orthotropic Plates”, ASME Applied Mechanics, Paper No.57-A-85, pp.389-395.

[20]. D. Roy and L.S. Ramachandra, (2001a). A Generalized Local Linearization Principle for Non-linear Dynamical Systems. Jl. Sound and Vibration. Vol.241. pp. 653-679.

[21]. D. Roy and LS. Ramachand.ra (2001b). A Semi-analytical Locally Transversal Linearization Method for Non-linear Dynamical Systems. Int. J. Num. Meth. Engng. Vol.51. pp. 203-224.

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Research Paper

Rehabilitation of Damaged Reinforced Concrete Structure –a Case Study

H.S. Jadhav* , S. N. Patil**

* Associate Professor & Head, Civil Engineering Department, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Maharashtra, India.

** Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Maharashtra, India.

Jadhav, H.S., and Patil, S.N. (2012). Rehabilitation of Damaged Reinforced Concrete Structure –a Case Study. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 1(2), 36-41. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.1.2.1925

Abstract

This paper presents an assessment of damages caused due to deterioration of concreteand corrosion of reinforcementon account of leakage, ageing and environmental factors throughnon destructive tests1.The pre and post evaluation of rehabilitation was carried out through load tests.In this study, a60year old rectangularReinforcedConcrete(RC) water tank builtover the terrace of the office buildingwas investigated2. It exhibited some cracks and spalling of concrete at certain locations. Two beams and one column were subjected to corrosion of reinforcement and deterioration of concrete. During its service life, the maintenance and repair work of the tank was carried out periodically. Damaged beams and column were repaired by providing new reinforcementwithcement grouting and polymer mortar. The deflections in the beam were measured at each stage of loading and unloading at regular intervals. These deflections were found within permissible limits and structural members were restored for their functional requirements3.

References

[1]. C.R. Raikar, (1995). “NDT in Repair and Rehabilitation of Civil Engineering Structures". Civil Engineering and Construction Review, Vol.8, No.5, May, pp 41-43.

[2]. H.G. Sreenath, S. Annamalai, A. Chellappan, P. Srinivasan, and K. Mani, (1993). “An Approach for Assessment of Fire Affected Concrete Structures from in-situ Test Results”, Journal of Structural Engg., Vol. 20, No.2, pp 91-102.

[3]. J. Prabhakar, K. Ramanjaneyulu, A. Chellappan, P. Srinivasan, M.Z. Md. Firdows and S. Annamalai (2003). “Investigation of Pilling Tower- A Case study”, The Indian Concrete Journal, Vol.77, No.10, pp 1354-1360.

[4]. P. Srinivasan, A. Chellappan, and S. Annamalai (2007). “Pre-evaluation of fire–affected RC Framed structure and its post-evaluation by load test after repair–A case study” Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.33, No. 5, pp 419-427.

[5]. S.K. Hirde and Dr. S.S. Kulkarni (1999). “Precautions, Repairs & Maintenance of Elevated Service Reservoirs”, Civil Engineering and Construction Review, Vol 12, No.5, pp.21-23.

i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering (JSTE)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 4

Most Read

Most Cited

Volume 1 Issue 2 June - August 2012

Factors Important in Developing Regional Steel Corrosion Models

Meghan O'dea* , Frank C. Graham**, Richard H. Mccuen***

* Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park. ** Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park. *** The Ben Dyer Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park.

O'dea, M., Graham, F.C., and Mccuen, R.H. (2012). Factors Important in Developing Regional Steel Corrosion Models. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 1(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.1.2.1926

Abstract

References

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Studies on Plastic Mixed Concrete with Conventional Concrete

S. Saravanan* , M.R. Akarsh**, S. Elavenil***

* Assistant Professor, Sri Muthukumaran Institute of Technology, Chennai. ** PG student, SRM University, Chennai. *** Professor, SRM University, Chennai.

Saravanan, S., Akarsh, M.R., and Elavenil, S. (2012). Studies on Plastic Mixed Concrete with Conventional Concrete. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 1(2), 11-17. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.1.2.1927

Abstract

References

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Reinforced Beam Column Corner Joints: Analytical and Experimental Study

Manpreet Kaur* , Roshan Lal**

* Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, PAU, Ludhiana, Punjab, India. ** Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India.

Kaur, M., and Lal, R. (2012). Reinforced Beam Column Corner Joints: Analytical and Experimental Study . i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 1(2), 18-25. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.1.2.1929

Abstract

References

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Pdf

Non-Linear Transient Vibration Analysis of plates using Modified Linearization Technique

Rajesh Kumar*

*Structural Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India.

Kumar, R. (2012). Non-Linear Transient Vibration Analysis of plates using Modified Linearization Technique. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 1(2), 26-35. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.1.2.1928

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Rehabilitation of Damaged Reinforced Concrete Structure –a Case Study

H.S. Jadhav* , S. N. Patil**

* Associate Professor & Head, Civil Engineering Department, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Maharashtra, India. ** Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Maharashtra, India.

Jadhav, H.S., and Patil, S.N. (2012). Rehabilitation of Damaged Reinforced Concrete Structure –a Case Study. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering, 1(2), 36-41. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.1.2.1925

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Meghan O'dea* , Frank C. Graham, Richard H. Mccuen*

* Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park.

Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park.

* The Ben Dyer Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park.

S. Saravanan* , M.R. Akarsh, S. Elavenil*

* Assistant Professor, Sri Muthukumaran Institute of Technology, Chennai.

PG student, SRM University, Chennai.

* Professor, SRM University, Chennai.

* Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, PAU, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.

** Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India.

* Associate Professor & Head, Civil Engineering Department, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Maharashtra, India.

** Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Maharashtra, India.