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i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering (JSTE)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 4

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Volume 9 Issue 2 June - August 2020

Research Paper

Construction of Cool Pavement using Waste Material: Fiber Glass

Aungkar Bhagat* , Niharika shukla, Praveen Kumar Yadav*

*-*** Department of Civil Engineering, ITS Engineering College, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Bhagat, A., Shukla, N., and Yadav, P. K. (2020). Construction of Cool Pavement using Waste Material: Fiber Glass. i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 9(2), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.9.2.16846

Abstract

This paper deals with the construction of a rigid pavement road which uses concrete as a construction material. This paper deals with the partial replacement of fine aggregates in the concrete with fiber glass. The concrete with fiber glass and without fiber glass is analyzed in terms of compressive strength and rise in temperature due to sunlight. The concrete considered for this research work is M20 mix. The fine aggregate replacements for the concrete ratio are 5%, 10% and 20%. The characteristic compressive strength of conventional M20 concrete and developed M20 concrete is nearly equal with a visible difference in temperatures after sunlight exposure. The outcome of this research work is that fiber glass is effectively efficient to be used for cool pavement & cool Roofing and can be adopted easily as it consumes waste.

References

[1]. Akbari, H., & Matthews, H. D. (2012). Global cooling updates: Reflective roofs and pavements. Energy and Buildings, 55, 2-6.

[2]. Fitzer, E., Kleinholz, R., Tiesler, H., Stacey, M. H., De Bruyne, R., & Lefever, I., ... & Sitter, S. (2000). Fibers: Synthetic Inorganic. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Fibers. Weinheim: Wiley

[3]. Qin, Y., & Hiller, J. E. (2014). Understanding pavement surface energy balance and its implications on cool pavement development. Energy and Buildings, 85, 389- 399

[4]. Santamouris, M. (2013). Using cool pavements as a mitigation strategy to fight urban heat island - A review of the actual developments. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 26, 224-240.

[5]. Santamouris, M., & Kolokotsa, D. (2013). Passive cooling dissipation techniques for buildings and other structures: The state of the art. Energy and Buildings, 57, 74- 94.

[6]. Santamouris, M., Gaitani, N., Spanou, A., Saliari, M., Giannopoulou, K., Vasilakopoulou, K., & Kardomateas, T. (2012). Using cool paving materials to improve microclimate of urban areas–Design realization and results of the flisvos project. Building and Environment, 53, 128- 136.

[7]. Synnefa, A., Saliari, M., & Santamouris, M. (2012). Experimental and numerical assessment of the impact of increased roof reflectance on a school building in Athens. Energy and Buildings, 55, 7-15.

[8]. Volf, M. B. (1990). Technical approach to glass. New York: Elsevier

[9]. Wei, Z., & Liu, D. (2016). On design of low-operation cost ice arenas with energy saving approaches. Procedia Engineering, 169, 38-43.

[10]. Yadav, P. K., & Kushwaha, Y. (2017). Durability on a RCC Structure by using Piezoelectric Material. i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 6(1), 28-32.

[11]. Yang, L., Qian, F., Song, D. X., & Zheng, K. J. (2016). Research on urban heat-island effect. Procedia Engineering, 169, 11-18

[12]. Zhen, M., Sun, C., & Dong, Q. (2016). Investigation on energy consumption in rural residential buildings during heating season in severe cold areas in northeast of China. Procedia Engineering, 169, 19-25.

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Research Paper

Second Order Sensitivity Analysis and Fundamental Frequency Based Optimisation to Perform Topology Optimisation of Continuum Structures using Evolutionary Algorithm

K. N. V. Chandrasekhar* , D. V. Tanuja**

*-** Department of Civil Engineering, CVR College of Engineering, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Chandrasekhar, K. N. V., and Tanuja, D. V. (2020). Second Order Sensitivity Analysis and Fundamental Frequency Based Optimisation to Perform Topology Optimisation of Continuum Structures using Evolutionary Algorithm. i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 9(2), 7-17. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.9.2.16647

Abstract

Frequency based topology optimisation of continuum structures is a topic of keen interest. The main focus of this study is to propose a new method to optimise the frequency of continuum structures and perform topology optimization. A new second order approach for principal stress based sensitivity analysis using Taylor series is proposed in this study. The design objective is achieved using the Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization and Evolutionary algorithm which is used to assign the optimised relative density. The coding is done using C++ and the optimal distribution is analysed using Matlab for fundamental eigen frequency and mode shapes. The variation of normalised fundamental frequency with each iteration is studied. A few standard problems from the literature are solved and the results are compared and presented. The results show that the proposed principal stress based sensitivity analysis is quite efficient and effective compared to other methods.

References

[1]. Alavi, A., Rahgozar, R., Torkzadeh, P., & Hajabasi, M. A. (2017). Optimal design of high rise buildings with respect to fundamental eigen frequency. International Journal of Advanced Structural Engineering, 9(4), 365-374. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s40091-017-0172-y

[2]. Allaire, G., Jouve, F., & Toader, A. M. (2004). Structural optimization using sensitivity analysis and a level-set method. Journal of Computational Physics, 194(1), 363- 393.

[3]. Angulo, C., Vadillo, E. G., & Canales, J. (1994). Optimization of structures with frequency and mode shape constraints. Engineering Computations, 11(1), 81- 91.

[4]. Augusto, O. B., Bennis, F., & Caro, S. (2012). Multi objective engineering design optimization problems: A sensitivity analysis approach. Pesquisa Operacional, 32(3), 575-596.

[5]. Challis, V. J. (2010). A discrete level-set topology optimization code written in Matlab. Structural and Multi Disciplinary Optimization, 41(3), 453-464. https:/doi.org/ 10.1007/s00158-009-0430-0

[6]. Karadelis, J. N. (2010). Advanced computational methods and solutions in civil and structural engineering (Doctoral dissertation). Coventry University, England.

[7]. Kingman, J., Tsavdaridis, K. D., & Toropov, V. V. (2014). Applications of topology optimization in structural engineering. In Civil Engineering for Sustainability and Resilience International Conference (CESARE) (pp.24-27).

[8]. Krishnamoorthy, C. S. (1994). Finite Element Analysis: Theory and Programming. Tata McGraw Hill Education.

[9]. Kütük, M. A., & Göv, İ. (2013). A finite element removal method for 3D topology optimization. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 5, 413-463. https://doi.org/10. 1155/2013/413463

[10]. Lee, E. (2012). Stress constraint based structural topology Optimization with design dependent loads (Post graduate Thesis). University of Toronto, Canada.

[11]. Lee, S. J., & Bae, J. E. (2010). Topology Optimization of Plane Structures using Modal Strain Energy for Fundamental Frequency Maximization. Architectural Research, 12(1), 39-47.

[12]. Lewiński, T., Czarnecki, S., Dzierżanowski, G., & Sokół, T. (2013). Topology optimization in structural mechanics. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Technical Sciences, 61(1), 23-37. https://doi.org/10.2478 /bpasts-2013-0002

[13]. Lin, C. Y., & Hsu, F. M. (2008). An adaptive volume constraint algorithm for topology optimization with a displacement limit. Advances in Engineering Software, 39(12), 973-994. https://doi/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2008. 01.008

[14]. Luh, G. C., Lin, C. Y., & Lin, Y. S. (2011). A binary particle swarm optimization for continuum structural topology optimization. Applied Soft Computing, 11(2), 2833-2844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2010.11.013.

[15]. Malekinejad, M., Rahgozar, R., Malekinejad, A., & Rahgozar, P. (2016). A continuous discrete approach for evaluation of natural frequencies and mode shapes of high rise buildings. International Journal of Advanced Structural Engineering, 8(3), 269-280. https://doi.org/10. 1007/s40091-016-0129-6

[16]. Paris, J., Navarrina, F., Colominas, I., & Casteleiro, M. (2010). Stress constraints sensitivity analysis in structural topology optimization. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 199(33-36), 2110-2122.

[17]. Rozvany, G. I. (2009). A critical review of established methods of structural topology optimization. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 37(3), 217-237.

[18]. Sarkisian, M., Long, E., Doo, H. S., & Skidmore, D. S. (2009). Optimisation Tools for the Design of Structures. San Francisco, California: Owings Merrill LLP.

[19]. Siu, Y. W., Lai, B. S. L., Wang, F. W., Zhou, Z. H., & Chan, S. L. (2003). Optimisation of structures by the optimality criteria method. HKIE Transactions, 10(3), 48-53.

[20]. Sundar, S., & Bhagavan, B. K. (2000). Generalized eigenvalue problems: Lanczos algorithm with a recursive partitioning method. Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 39(7-8), 211-224.

[21]. Takezawa, A., & Kitamura, M. (2013). Sensitivity analysis and optimization of vibration modes in continuum systems. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 332(6), 1553-1566.

[22]. Tsai, T. D., & Cheng, C. C. (2013). Structural design for desired eigen frequencies and mode shapes using topology optimization. Structural and Multi disciplinary Optimization, 47(5), 673-686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00 158-012-0840-2

[23]. Van den Boom, S. J. (2014). Topology Optimisation Including Buckling Analysis. (Post graduate Thesis). DELFT University of Technology.

[24]. Yang, B., Zhang, Q., & Zhou, Z. (2015). Solving truss topological optimization via Swarm Intelligence. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 19(7), 1962-1972. https://doi. org/10.1007/s12205-015-0218-2

[25]. Yang, X. S. (2010). Engineering Optimization: An Introduction with Metaheuristic Applications. New Jersey, US: Wiley Publishing.

[26]. Yang, X. Y., Xie, Y. M., Steven, G. P., & Querin, O. M. (1999). Topology optimization for frequencies using an evolutionary method. Journal of Structural Engineering, 125(12), 1432-1438.

[27]. Zhang, Z., Chen, W., & Cheng, X. (2015). Sensitivity analysis and optimization of eigen mode localization in continuum systems. Structural and Multi disciplinary Optimization, 52(2), 305-317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00 158-015-1235-y

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Research Paper

A Study on the Strength Parameters of Concrete with Polypropelene Fibers as a Reinforcing Material

Gourishetty Ruthvik* , Challa Datta Karthik , G. Siva Vignan*

*-*** Department of Civil Engineering, St. Martin's Engineering College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Ruthvik, G., Karthik, C. D., and Vignan, G. S. (2020). A Study on the Strength Parameters of Concrete with Polypropelene Fibers as a Reinforcing Material. i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 9(2), 18-24. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.9.2.17007

Abstract

Concrete is basically a brittle material and possesses very low tensile strength. To overcome this weakness, we generally introduce reinforcement to the concrete. For this study, we are aiming to analyze the strength parameters of concrete under the influence of fibers as a reinforcing material. During the last 30 years, different types of fibers and fiber materials were introduced and are being continuously produced in the market as new applications. Usage of fibers in concrete helps to improve resistance to cracking and fragmentation. For this study, Polypropylene fiber is used as a reinforcing material. We have used M40 and M25 concrete and a comparative study on strength parameters is made with and without the presence of these fibers. The compressive, flexural strength tests were performed by using fiber weight content from 5%.

References

[1]. Arunakanthi, E., & Kumar, J. C. (2016). Experimental studies on fiber reinforced concrete (FRC). International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 7(5), 329-336.

[2]. BIS. (2000). Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice [CED 2: Cement and Concrete] (Standard No. 456). Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi. Retrieved from https://www.iitk.ac.in/ce/test/ IS-codes/is.456.2000.pdf

[3]. BIS. (2009). Guidelines for Concrete Mix Design Proportioning [CED 2: Cement and Concrete] (Standard No. 10262). Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi. Retrieved from https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is. 10262.2009.pdf

[4]. BIS. (2013). Ordinary Portland Cement, 53 Grade Specification (First Revision) Code of Practice. (Standard No. 12269). Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi. Retrieved from https://www.iitk.ac.in/ce/test/IS-codes/is. 122 69.2013.pdf

[5]. BIS. (2016). Specification for Coarse and Fine Aggregates from Natural Sources for Concrete Code of practice. (Standard No. 383). Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi.

[6]. Ghaffar, A., Chavhan, A. S., & Tatwawadi, R. S. (2014). Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), 9(15), 791-797. https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V9P349

[7]. Gupta, G., Malhotra, S. (2018). A Case Study on Fiber Reinforced Concrete. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 6(VI), 3253-3255. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2018.4541

[8]. Kandasamy, R., & Murugesan, R. (2011). Fibre reinforced concrete using domestic waste plastics as fibres. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 6(3), 75-82.

9]. Krishna, K. V., & Rao, J. V. (2014). Experimental study on behavior of fibre reinforced concrete for rigid pavements. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 11(4).

[10]. Rai, A., & Joshi, Y. P. (2014). Applications and properties of fibre reinforced concrete. International Journal of Engineering Research & Application, 4(5), 123- 131.

[11]. Raju, N. K., & Pranesh, R. N. (2003). Reinforce Concrete Design: IS: 456-2000: Principles and Practice. New Delhi, India: New Age International.

[12]. Shende, A. M., Pande, A. M., & Pathan, M. G. (2012). Experimental study on steel fiber reinforced concrete for M- 40 grade. International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science, 1(1), 043-048.

[13]. Shetty, M. S. (2005). Concrete technology. New Delhi, India: S. Chand Publishing.

[14]. Syal, I. C., Goel, A. K. (2008). Reinforced Concrete Structures. New Delhi, India: S. Chand Publishing.

[15]. Wafa, F. F. (1990). Properties & applications of fiber reinforced concrete. Engineering Sciences, 2(1), 49-62 .

[16]. Zaidi, S. F. A., Khan, M. A., & Kumar, A. (2016). Fiber Reinforced concrete using waste material: A review. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 3(3), 534-536.

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Research Paper

Study on Mechanical Properties of Textile Reinforced Concrete

siva* , Gourishetty Ruthvik , Challa Datta Karthik *

*-*** Department of Civil Engineering, St. Martin's Engineering College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Vignan, G. S., Ruthvik, G., and Karthik, C. D. (2020). Study on Mechanical Properties of Textile Reinforced Concrete. i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 9(2), 25-36. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.9.2.17256

Abstract

This study deals with the experimental investigations on the effects in Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) as reinforcing material and conventional concrete. In this study, M25 grade concrete is used for nominal mix design. High strength high modulus polyester filament yarns are used to study its effects in reinforcing concrete mixes and to obtain basic strength. For the concrete to achieve its maximum strength and longevity, curing must be carried out for a suitable period of time. In this study, the curing is done by preventing excessive loss of moisture from the concrete either by leaving formwork in place, covering the concrete with impermeable membrane after the formwork has been removed by the application of suitable chemical curing agent (water based), or by combination of such methods. Curing by continuously wetting the exposed surface prevents the loss of moisture from it. The compressive, flexural strength tests were performed by placing the textile in the form of layers 1, 2 and 3. As a result, it had been found that the use of polyester textile material considerably increases the flexural strengths. It is also observed that there is a sudden decrease in flexural strength and compressive strength when textile is placed in 3 layers. The maximum flexural and compression strength is obtained by placing the textile in the form of 2 layers and found to be economical. Eventually it has been observed that, there have been an increase in flexural strength for about 48%.

References

[1]. Abed, F., & Alhafiz, A. R. (2019). Effect of basalt fibers on the flexural behavior of concrete beams reinforced with BFRP bars. Composite Structures, 215, 23-34. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.02.050

[2]. Arunakanthi, E., & Kumar, J. C. (2016). Experimental studies on Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC). International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 7(5), 329-336.

[3]. ASTM International. (2005). Standard test method for tensile properties of geotextiles by the wide-width strip method (Standard No. ASTM D4595-05). Retrieved from http://www.astm.org/cgi-bin/resolver.cgi?D4595

[4]. BIS. (1959). Methods for test of strength of concrete (Standard No.IS516). Retrieved from http://www.iitk.ac.in/ce/test/IS-codes/is.516.1959.pdf

[5]. BIS. (1963). Methods of test for aggregates for concrete - Mechanical Properties (Standard No. IS 2386- IV). Retrieved from http://www.iitk.ac.in/ce/test/IScodes/ is.2386.4.1963.pdf

[6]. BIS. (1988). Methods of physical test for hydraullic cements (Standard No: IS 4031). Retrieved from https://www.iitk.ac.in/ce/test/IS-codes/is.4031.6.1988.pdf

[7]. BIS. (2000). Plain and reinforced concrete - Code of practice (Standard No. IS 456). Retrieved from http://www.iitk.ac.in/ce/test/IS-codes/is.456.2000.pdf

[8]. BIS. (2009). Concrete mix proportioning - Guidelines (Standard No:IS10262). Retrieved from https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is. 10262.2009.pdf

[9]. BIS. (2013). Ordinary portland cement, 53 grade specification - Code of practice (Standard No. IS 12269). Retrieved from http://www.iitk. ac.in/ce/test/IS - codes/is.12269.2013.pdf

[10]. BIS. (2016). Coarse and fine aggregates for concrete - Specifications (Standard No. IS 383). Retrieved from https://www.iitk.ac.in/ce/test/IS-codes/is.383.1970.pdf

[11]. Butler, M., Mechtcherine, V., & Hempel, S. (2010). Durability of textile reinforced concrete made with AR glass fibre: effect of the matrix composition. Materials and Structures, 43(10), 1351-1368.

[12]. Caldová, E., Blesák, L., Wald, F., Kloiber, M., Urushadze, S., Vymlátil, P., & Designtec, S. R. O. (2014). Behaviour of timber and steel fibre reinforced concrete composite constructions with screwed connections. Wood Research, 59(4), 639-660.

[13]. Colombo, I. G., Magri, A., Zani, G., Colombo, M., & Di Prisco, M. (2013). Textile reinforced concrete: Experimental investigation on design parameters. Materials and Structures, 46(11), 1953-1971.

[14]. Dheerendra Babu, M. R. (2016). Design and detailing of RC elements. Falcon Publications.

[15]. Gayathri, C. N., Singh, R. B., & Dhanalakshmi, G. (2018). Mechanical behaviour of textile reinforced concrete. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 5(5), 2227-2231.

[16]. Ghaffar, A., Chavhan, A. S., & Tatwawadi, R. S. (2014). Steel fiber reinforced concrete. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), 9(15).

[17]. Gopinath, S., Ramachandra Murthy, A., Iyer, N. R., & Dharinee, R. (2016). Investigations on textile-reinforced concrete as cover for RC beams. Magazine of Concrete Research, 68(20), 1040-1050. https:/doi.org/10.1680/jma cr.15.00161

[18]. Gowsika, D., Balamurugan, P., & Kamalambigai, R. (2017). Experimental study on curing methods of concrete. International Journal of Ecology and Development Research (IJEDR), 5(1).

[19]. Hegger, J., & Voss, S. (2008). Investigations on the bearing behaviour and application potential of textile reinforced concrete. Engineering Structures, 30(7), 2050-2056.

[20]. Henry, R., Brooke, N., & Ingham, J. (2007). An overview of reinforced and prestressed concrete research at the University of Auckland. In Proceedings of 2007 ANCER Annual Meeting.

[21]. High, C., Seliem, H. M., El-Safty, A., & Rizkalla, S. H. (2015). Use of basalt fibers for concrete structures. Construction and Building Materials, 96, 37–46. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.138

[22]. Kandasamy, R., & Murugesan, R. (2011). Fibre reinforced concrete using domestic waste plastics as fibres. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 6(3), 75-82.

[23]. Rahman, A. F., Goh, W. I., Mohamad, N., Kamarudin, M. S., & Jhatial, A. A. (2019). Numerical analysis and experimental validation of reinforced foamed concrete beam containing partial cement replacement. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 11, e00297. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.cscm.2019.e00297.

[24]. Rai, A., & Joshi, Y. P. (2014). Applications and properties of fibre reinforced concrete. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 4(5), 123-131.

[25]. Raju, N. K., & Parnesh, R. N. (2018). Reinforced concrete design IS:456-2000 Principles and practice. New Age Publications.

[26]. Reddy, K. K. (2013). A comparative study on methods of curing concrete–influence of humidity. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), 3(3), 1161-1165.

[27]. Rhodes, C. C., & Evans, J. R. (1949). An appraisal of the membrane method of curing concrete pavements. Engineering Experiments Station Bulletin.

[28]. Shetty, M. S. (2006). Concrete technology, Theory and practice. S. Chand Publications.

[29]. Sutharsan, R., Ramprasanna, S. R., Gnanappa, S. B., & Ganesh, A. C. (2020). Experimental study on Bamboo as a reinforcing material in concrete. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2204, No. 1, p. 020024). https://doi.org/1 0.1063/1.5141561.

[30]. Syal, I. C., & Goel, A. K. (2008). Reinforced Concrete Structure. S. Chand Publications.

[31]. Volkova, A., Paykov, A., Semenov, S., Stolyarov, O., & Melnikov, B. (2016). Flexural Behavior of Textile-Reinforced Concrete. In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol. 53, p. 01016). https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf /20165301016

[32]. Williams Portal, N., Lundgren, K., Wallbaum, H., & Malaga, K. (2015). Sustainable Potential of Textile- Reinforced Concrete. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 27(7). https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943- 5533.0001160

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Research Paper

Effective Utilization of AI Techniques to Develop a Mathematical Model for Predicting Compressive Strength

K. Suseela*

Department of Civil Engineering, Moderator Gnanadhason Polytechnic College, Tamil Nadu, India.

Suseela, K. (2020). Effective Utilization of AI Techniques to Develop a Mathematical Model for Predicting Compressive Strength. i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 9(2), 37-42. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.9.2.17157

Abstract

Fiber-reinforced concrete is a composite material widely used in Civil Engineering, and the compressive strength is a significant parameter in designing reinforced and pre-stressed concrete structures. To evaluate high-performance concrete compressive strength in real-time is quite challenging because it consumes cost, time, and complex to compute. To overcome this obstacle, the proposed strategy is appropriate in the context of identifying compressive strength for high-performance concrete. This research intends to develop a mathematical model for determining the compressive strength of high-performance concrete. This research anticipates by incorporating Artificial Intelligence (AI) technique to develop a mathematical model. To develop a mathematical model via manual takes a long time and is complex to compute, this urge incorporating optimization techniques to resolve these issues. The optimization involved in this research are Genetic Algorithm (GA), Evolutionary Algorithm (EA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Social Spider Optimization (SSO), Monarch Butterfly Optimization (MBO), and Opposition based Monarch Butterfly Optimization (OMBO). The entire implementation is executed in the working platform MATLAB.

References

[1]. Alsalami, Z. A., Harith, I. K., & Dhahir, M. K. (2018). Utilization of dates palm kernel in high performance concrete. Journal of Building Engineering, 20, 166-172.

[2]. Dybeł, P., & Kucharska, M. (2019). Experimental assessment of the casting position factor of reinforcing bars in high performance concretes (HPC, HPSCC). Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 19, 127-136.

[3]. Lämmlein, T. D., Messina, F., Wyrzykowski, M., Terrasi, G. P., & Lura, P. (2019). Low clinker high performance concretes and their potential in CFRP-prestressed structural elements. Cement and Concrete Composites, 100, 130-138.

[4]. Magudeaswaran, P., & Eswaramoorthi, P. (2016). High performance concrete using M-sand. Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 6(6), 372-386.

[5]. Mary, C. V., & Kishore, C. H. (2015). Experimental Investigation on strength and durability characteristics of high performance concrete using GGBS and M sand. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(11), 4852-4856.

[6]. Pedro, D., de Brito, J., & Evangelista, L. (2017). Mechanical characterization of high performance concrete prepared with recycled aggregates and silica fume from precast industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 164, 939-949.

[7]. Pilegis, M., Gardner, D., & Lark, R. (2016). An investigation into the use of manufactured sand as a 100% replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Materials, 9(440), 1-19.

[8]. Prashanth, P. N., & Reddy, N. S. (2017). Performance of high strength concrete – partially replacing fine aggregate with manufactured sand. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 4(11), 2076-2087.

[9]. Shanmugapriya, T., & Uma, R. N. (2012). Optimization of partial replacement of M-sand by natural sand in high performance concrete with silica fume. International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Emerging Technologies, 2(2), 73-80.

[10]. Shanmugapriya, T., Raja, K. S., & Balaji, C. (2016). Strength and durability properties of high performance concrete with manufactured sand. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11(9), 6036-6045.

[11]. Suresh, E., & Bargathulla, I. (2018). Experimental investigation on high strength concrete as partial replacement of natural sand by manufactured sand and quarry dust. International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 119(10), 191-202.

[12]. Suresh, S., & Revathi, J. (2016). An experimental investigation of high strength concrete using manufacturing sand. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology, 7(2), 1112-1114.

[13]. Suseela, K., & Baskaran, T. (2017). Strength analysis on concrete with m-sand as a partial replacement of fine aggregate. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), 8(12), 583-592.

[14]. Umamaheswaran, V., Sudha, C., Ravichandran, P. T., & Rajkumar, P. K. (2015). Use of M-sand in high strength and high performance concrete. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 8(28), 1-8.

[15]. Visnu, V., Karthikeyan, R. M., & Arulraj, G. P. (2015). Experimental investigation on high performance concrete with partial replacements of fine aggregate by m-sand and cement by fly ash. International Journal on Engineering Technology and Science, 2(2), 12-15.

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Review Paper

Mechancial Properties of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Rebar Concrete

Shankar H. Sanni* , Shashikanth A. Kambali**

*-** Department of Civil Engineering, Basaveshwar Enginering College, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.

Sanni, S. H., and Kambali, S. A. (2020). Mechancial Properties of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Rebar Concrete. i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 9(2), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.9.2.17127

Abstract

Concrete with fly ash as replacement for cement represents a promising solution for the construction industry to deal with the issues related to the global emissions of greenhouse gases. Although numerous studies were dedicated on the material properties of concrete with fly ash. There is a need to evaluate flexural behaviour of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) over conventional reinforced concrete using fly ash as partial replacement for cement in order to promote further field applications. To accomplish the above objective in the present study, mix design for M20, M40 and M60 is carried out. Cubes, cylinders and beam specimens are casted for assessing the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural behaviour of concrete respectively. The use of 30% of fly ash as replacement for cement in concrete improves the workability but slightly reduce the compressive strength, split tensile strength due to slow pozzolanic reaction. The use of GFRP as reinforcement in the beam specimens with 30% of fly ash as replacement for cement improves the flexural load carrying capacity. Based on the results it can be concluded that GFRP reinforced fly ash concrete is more ductile and it has more ductility index than steel reinforced fly ash concrete and also reduces the cracks and crack width.

References

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