i-manager Publications

i-manager's Journal on Embedded Systems (JES)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 2

Most Cited

Volume 3 Issue 1 February - April 2014

Article

Transplantation and Analysis Of U-Boot Boot Loader On ARM (S3C2410) Processor

Sivaram* , Ramanarao, Manikanta*

*-*** Assistant Professor , Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, St.Martines Engineering College, Hyderabad.

Sivaram., Ramanarao., and Manikanta. (2014). Transplantation and Analysis Of U-Boot Boot Loader On Arm (S3c2410) Processor. i-manager’s Journal on Embedded Systems, 3(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.26634/jes.3.1.2947

Abstract

Linux is open source software which plays a major role in the Embedded OS landscape. It emerges as the platform of choice for many vendors of various sorts of equipment because of its scalability. Linux embedded development environment involves cross-compiling tool chains, Boot loader, Linux Kernel, C library, libraries and applications. The boot loader is responsible for loading the Kernel and initial RAM disk before initiating the process. This paper illustrates the step by step process of Transplantation of Boot loader (U-Boot) on S3C2410 is based on the ARM920T core of embedded general-purpose processors development board.

References

[1]. Q.Sun. (2006). “Developing Detailed Explanation of Embedded Linux Application”. Beijing, Posts & Telecom Press,

[2]. T.Z.Sun, &W.J.Yuan. (2009), “Embedded design and Linux driver development guide”, Beijing, Publishing House of Electronics Industry,

[3]. Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, & Greg Kroah- Hartman. (2005). “Linux Device Drivers”, 3rd Edition, O'Reilly Media.

[4]. D.Cao, &K.Wang. (2005). “Research of Network Device Driver based on Linux”, Computer Knowledge and Technology.

[5]. F.J.Li, & W.D.Jin. (2005). “Research and Implementation of Network Driver in Embedded Linux”, Modern Electronic Technique.

[6] M.Barr, &Anthony Massa, (2006). “Programming Embedded Systems”, Second edition, O'Reilly.

[7]. G. C. Buttazzo. (2005). “Hard Real-Time Computing Systems: Predictable Scheduling Algorithms and Applications”, Second Edition, Springer.

[8]. David E. Simon. (2006). “Embedded Software Primer”: Addison-Wesley.

[9]. Karim Yaghmour. (2003), “Building Embedded Linux Systems”: Reilly.

[10]. W. Wolf. (2000). “Computers as Components:. Principles of Embedded Computer Systems Design”: Morgan Kaufman.

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Article

Analysis of Different Sensors Used in Wireless Applications

Siva Sankar * , P. Kavipriya**

*-** Electronics and Communication, Sathyabama University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Sankar,S., and Kavipriya. (2014). Analysis Of Different Sensors Used In Wireless Applications. i-manager’s Journal on Embedded Systems, 3(1), 7-11. https://doi.org/10.26634/jes.3.1.2948

Abstract

This paper presents an up-to-date review on different types of sensors. Attention is focused on different types of sensors used in present days. The sensor technologies in use today are reviewed and classified according to their functions. This topic is extensive. In this paper, the sensors are detailed with respect to their features used in today’s technology.

References

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Research Paper

Monitoring Behaviour of Driver Through Sensors and Location of Accident Through Wireless Technology

Sowmya* , I. Suneetha, N. Pushpalatha*

*** Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Tirupati, India.

Sowmya., Suneetha., and Pushpalatha. (2014). Monitoring Behaviour Of Driver Through Sensors And Location Of Accident Through Wireless Technology. i-manager’s Journal on Embedded Systems, 3(1), 12-18. https://doi.org/10.26634/jes.3.1.2949

Abstract

A large number of serious or fatal accidents are occurred due to excessive or inappropriate speed of the vehicle. Distraction and drowsiness of the driver has been important factors for a large number of major accidents. They reduce the decision making capability and perception level of the driver which negatively affect the ability of the driver to control the vehicle. Monitoring the driver behavior is one of the ways to prevent the fatal accidents and it is necessary to alert the driver when they are drowsy or in a distracted state. With the new developed systems, there is a possibility of self controlling the vehicle when the driver was drunk or reckless or fatigue so that major accidents may be reduced. There is also a possibility of tracking the location of accident, if occurs, through Wireless Access Technology (GSM, GPS) so that proper measures are taken at correct time.

References

[1]. N. Xu, (2002). “A survey of sensor network applications,” IEEE Commun. Mag., Vol. 40, No. 8, pp. 1–9.

[2]. Q. Ji, Z. Zhu, P. Lan, (2004). “Real-Time Nonintrusive Monitoring and Prediction of Driver Fatigue,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 53.

[3]. H. Singh, J. S. Bhatia, and J. Kaur, (2005), “Eye tracking based driver fatigue monitoring and warning system,” in Proc. IEEE IICPE, New Delhi, India, pp. 1-6.

[4]. P. Bouchner, R. Pieknik, S. Novontny, J. Pekny, M. Hajny, and C. Borzová, (2006). “Fatigue of car drivers - detection and classification based on experiments on car simulators,” in Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Simul., Model., Optim., Lisbon, Portugal,pp. 727–732.

[5]. J. C. McCall and M. M. Trivedi, (2007). “Driver behavior and situation aware brake assistance for intelligent vehicles,” in Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 95, No. 2.

[6]. M. S. Devi and P. R. Bajaj, (2008). “Driver fatigue detection based on eye tracking,” in Proc. IEEE ICETET, Nagpur, Maharashtra, pp. 649 –652.

[7]. E. Rogado, J. Garcia, R. Barea, L. Bergasa and E. Lopez, (2009). “Driver Fatigue Detection System,” Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics and Biomimetics, 2009.

[8]. Y. Liang, (2009). “Detecting driver distraction,” Ph. D thesis, University of Iowa.

[9]. B. Yin, X. Fan, Y. Sun, (2009). “Multiscale dynamic features based Driver fatigue detection,” Int. J. Pattern Recogn. Artif. Intell. Vol 23, No 575–589.

[10]. J. Dai, J. Teng, X. Bai, Z. Shen, and D. Xuan, (2010). “Mobile phone based drunk driving detection,” in Proc. IEEE Pervasive Health No Permissions, Munich, Germany, pp. 1-8.

[11]. M. Jabon, J. Bailenson, E. Pontikakis, L. Takayama, and C. Nass, (2011). “Facial-Expression Analysis for Predicting Unsafe Driving Behavior,” Per vasive Computing, 10(4), 84-95.

[12]. Boon-Giin Lee and Wan-Young Chung, (2012). “Driver Alertness Monitoring Using Fusion of Facial Features and Bio- Signals”, Member, IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 12, No. 7.

[13]. B. Hariri, S. Abtahi, S. Shirmohammadi, and L. Martel, (2012). “A Yawning Measurement method to Detect Driver Drowsiness,” Technical Papers, 2012.

[14]. A. Sahyadehas, K. Sundaraj and M. Murugappan, (2013). “Detecting Driver Drowsiness based on Sensors: A Review,” Sensors, 12(12), 16937-16953.

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Research Paper

2-Bit Ex-Or Link Based Reversible Multiplier for Low Power DSP Applications

M. Bharathi* , K. Neelima**

*-** Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College (Autonomous), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Bharathi., and Koppala,N. (2014). 2-Bit Ex-Or Link Based Reversible Multiplier For Low Power Dsp Applications. i-manager’s Journal on Embedded Systems, 3(1), 19-25. https://doi.org/10.26634/jes.3.1.2950

Abstract

The multiplier in any arithmetic unit dissipates a significant amount of energy as large number of computations are required if the number of bits in the design increase. Thus, if efficient reversible logic is used, then the power consumption can be reduced drastically as the information bits are not lost in case of reversible computation. This Paper focuses on the design of two-bit multiplier using a synthesis approach called Exorlink which reduces quantum cost compared to the technique Disjoint Sum of Products (DSOP). The design is coded in VHDL, simulated using ISIM and synthesized using Xilinx ISE 10.1i for the device Spartan3E FPGA.

References

[1]. M.Bharathi, Neelima Koppala, (2014). “Efficient Approach to Optimize Quantum Cost for Combinational Reversible Circuits”, International Journal of Research in computer Applications and Robotics, Vol.2, Issue.7, pp.: 1-9, ISSN – 2320-7345.

[2]. M. Bharathi , K. Neelima, (2012). “Scope Of Reversible Engineering At Gate-Level: Fault-Tolerant Combinational Adders”,International Journal of VLSI design & Communication Systems (VLSICS), Vol. 3, No. 2, Page No.: 85-98, ISSN – 0976 -1357(Online), 0976-1537(Print).

[3]. A. DeVos , (2010 ). “Reversible Computing : Fundamentals, Quantum Computing, and Applications”, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.

[4]. P. Kemtopf, (2002). “Synthesis of multipurpose reversible logic gates” Euromicro Symposium on Digital System Design (DSD'02), pp.259-267.

[5]. C.H.Bennett, (1998). "Notes on the History of Reversible Computation", IBM Journal of Research and Development, Vol. 32, pp. 16-23.

[6]. Lokesh Shivakumaraiah and Mitchell A. Thornton (2002). "Computation of Disjoint Cube Representations Using a Maximal Binat Variable Heuristic”, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mississippi State University.

[8]. Ning Song and Marek A. Perkowski, (1996) “Minimization of Exclusive Sum-of-ProductsExpressions for Multiple-Valued Input, Incompletely Specified Functions”, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, Vol. 15, No.4, April.

[9]. V.K.Puri, (2006). “Digital Electronics Circuits and Systems”, Tata McGraw-Hill.

[10]. R. Landauer, (1961). ''Irreversibility and heat generation in the computational process'', IBM J. Res. Develop., Vol. 5, pp. 261-268.

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Research Paper

A Generic Solution for Embedding Data in Mobile Application Based Steganographic Technique

Chandrakant Badgaiyan*

Assistant Professor, Department of Mechatronics Engg., C.S.I.T. Durg (C.G.), & Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai, Chattisgarh, India.

Badgaiyan,C. (2014). A Generic Solution For Embedding Data In Mobile Application Based Steganographic Technique. i-manager’s Journal on Embedded Systems, 3(1), 26-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jes.3.1.2951

Abstract

Nowadays data is transferred using internet from one place to other in whole world in its digital form. But data transfer using internet is a very risky affair and any third party can listen the information into network. These challenges encourage data hiding techniques like Encryption and Steganography. One advantage of steganography over cryptography is the cryptography protects the contents of a message only, whereas steganography can protect both messages and communicating parties. Mobile Apps Based Steganography Technique is comparatively new technique to hide secret information and has advantages of mobility, portability and high payload capacity. In this paper we are going to propose a generic solution for embedding data in a Mobile Apps Based Steganography Technique so that even a common user can use this technique for hiding his information inside a mobile application. This technique is implemented on J2ME platform; Mobile Application is a Maze game and it is tested on Nokia Supernova 7610 series phones.

References

[1]. Samir K Bandyopadhyay, Debnath Bhattacharyya, Debashis Ganguly, Swarnendu Mukherjee, Poulami Das, (2008). “A Tutorial Review on Steganography ”, International conference at JIIT.

[2]. Ahsan, K., & Kundur, D. (2002). “Practical Data hiding in TCP/IP”, Proceedings of the Workshop on Multimedia Security at ACM Multimedia.

[3]. F.A.P. Petitcolas, R.J. Anderson, and M.G. Kuhn, (1999). "Information hiding-a survey," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 87, Issue 7, pp. 1062-1078.

[4]. J.C. Judge, (2001). "Steganography: Past, Present, Future," SANS white paper.

[5]. N.J. Hopper, (2004). Toward a theor y of Steganography, Ph.D. Dissertation, School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,

[6]. M. Shirali-Shahreza, (2005). "An Improved Method for Steganography on Mobile Phone," WSEAS Transactions on Systems, Vol. 4, Issue 7, pp. 955-957.

[7]. F. Hartung and B. Girod, (1997). "Copyright Protection in Video Delivery Networks by Watermarking of Pre-Compressed Video," Proceedings of Multimedia Applications, Services and Techniques ECMAST '97' Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1242, Milan, Italy, pp. 423-436.

[8]. Abbas Cheddad, Joan Condell, Kevin Curran, Paul Mc Kevitt, (2010). "Digital image steganography: Survey and analysis of current methods" Elsevier, Signal Processing, pp. 727-752.

[9]. W. Bender, D. Gruhl, N. Morimoto and A. Lu, (1996). “Techniques for data hiding”, IBM Systems Journal, Vol. 35, Issue 3&4, 1996, pp. 313-336.

[10]. Zenon Hrytskiv, Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy, Yuriy Rytsav. “Cryptography and Steganography of Video information in modern communication”, Electronics and Energetics, Vol 11, No. 1, 115-225.

[11]. Chandrakant Badgaiyan, Ashish Kumar Dewangan, Bhupesh Kumar Pandey, Keerti Yeulkar, Kaushal Kumar Sinha, (2012). “A New Steganographic Technique: Image Hiding in Mobile Application”, International Journal of Advanced Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Vol 3, issue 4, pp 556-562.

[12]. Chandrakant Badgaiyan, Mr. Ashish Kumar Dewangan, (2013). “Implementation of Mobile Based Steganography Technique on Non Touch Mobile Phones Using Password Protection”, International Journal of Information and Computation Technology, Vol. 3, No. 2, Special issue.

[13]. Chandrakant Badgaiyan (2013). Payload Capacity Enhancement in the Field of Steganography by Using Mobile Application Based Stego Technique. i-manager’s Journal on Software Engineering. 7(4), April-June, 2013 Print ISSN 0973-5151, E-ISSN 2230-7168, pp. 30-35.

[14]. Chandrakant Badgaiyan, (2014). “Performance Assessment of Mobile Application Based Steganographic Technique in Comparison with Other Existing Steganography Techniques on Mobile Platform”,Inventi Impact – Information Security, Issue No. 2.

i-manager's Journal on Embedded Systems (JES)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 2

Most Read

Most Cited

Volume 3 Issue 1 February - April 2014

Transplantation and Analysis Of U-Boot Boot Loader On ARM (S3C2410) Processor

Sivaram* , Ramanarao**, Manikanta***

*-*** Assistant Professor , Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, St.Martines Engineering College, Hyderabad.

Sivaram., Ramanarao., and Manikanta. (2014). Transplantation and Analysis Of U-Boot Boot Loader On Arm (S3c2410) Processor. i-manager’s Journal on Embedded Systems, 3(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.26634/jes.3.1.2947

Abstract

References

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Analysis of Different Sensors Used in Wireless Applications

Siva Sankar * , P. Kavipriya**

*-** Electronics and Communication, Sathyabama University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Sankar,S., and Kavipriya. (2014). Analysis Of Different Sensors Used In Wireless Applications. i-manager’s Journal on Embedded Systems, 3(1), 7-11. https://doi.org/10.26634/jes.3.1.2948

Abstract

References

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Monitoring Behaviour of Driver Through Sensors and Location of Accident Through Wireless Technology

Sowmya* , I. Suneetha**, N. Pushpalatha***

*** Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Tirupati, India.

Sowmya., Suneetha., and Pushpalatha. (2014). Monitoring Behaviour Of Driver Through Sensors And Location Of Accident Through Wireless Technology. i-manager’s Journal on Embedded Systems, 3(1), 12-18. https://doi.org/10.26634/jes.3.1.2949

Abstract

References

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2-Bit Ex-Or Link Based Reversible Multiplier for Low Power DSP Applications

M. Bharathi* , K. Neelima**

*-** Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College (Autonomous), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Bharathi., and Koppala,N. (2014). 2-Bit Ex-Or Link Based Reversible Multiplier For Low Power Dsp Applications. i-manager’s Journal on Embedded Systems, 3(1), 19-25. https://doi.org/10.26634/jes.3.1.2950

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

A Generic Solution for Embedding Data in Mobile Application Based Steganographic Technique

Chandrakant Badgaiyan*

Assistant Professor, Department of Mechatronics Engg., C.S.I.T. Durg (C.G.), & Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai, Chattisgarh, India.

Badgaiyan,C. (2014). A Generic Solution For Embedding Data In Mobile Application Based Steganographic Technique. i-manager’s Journal on Embedded Systems, 3(1), 26-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jes.3.1.2951

Abstract

References

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Sivaram* , Ramanarao, Manikanta*

Sowmya* , I. Suneetha, N. Pushpalatha*