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i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering (JME)

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Mechanization and Import Substitution in Zimbabwean Farmers' Equipment: A Case Study of the Revitalization of an Abandoned Tractor Trailer
Drill String Vibrational Analysis and Parametric Optimization for a Portable Water Well Rig Development
An Efficient Deep Neural Network with Amplifying Sine Unit for Nonlinear Oscillatory Systems
The Occupational Directness of Nanorobots in Medical Surgeries
Recent Trends in Solar Thermal Cooling Technologies

Most Cited

Volume 11 Issue 3 May - July 2021

Research Paper

Friction Stir Welding of Similar AZ91 Mg Alloy Sheets: Studies on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

M. Yugandhar* , Rajay Vedaraj I. S.**

*-** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Yugandhar, M., and Vedaraj, I. S. R. (2021). Friction Stir Welding of Similar AZ91 Mg Alloy Sheets: Studies on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties. i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 11(3), 10-19. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.11.3.17983

Abstract

Welding of Magnesium (Mg) alloys by fusion techniques is complex due to the highly reactive nature. Mg quickly oxidizes in the presence of oxygen. Therefore, solid state fusion welding processes is the best suitable technique to weld Mg alloys. In this work presently, AZ91 Mg alloy sheets were joined by Friction Stir Welding process (FSW) and the joint quality has been assessed by micro structural studies and micro hardness measurements. From the results, it has been observed that the joint has been free from defects and the large inter metallic which appeared in base alloy has been decreased in size. These observations suggest the dissolution of Al in Mg matrix. Micro hardness measurements also confirm the increased hardness in the weld zone which can be attributed to the effect of grain refinement and the development of super saturated grains in the weld zone.

References

[1]. ASTM Standard. (2009). Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials (E8/E8M-11). West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM International. https://doi. org/10.1520/E0008_E0008M-11

[2]. Avedesian, M. M., & Baker, H. (1999). ASM Specialty Handbook: Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys. ASM International.

[3]. Czerwinski, F. (2011). Welding and joining of magnesium alloys. Magnesium Alloys-Design, Processing and Properties, 469-490.

[4]. Fridrich, H. E., & Mordike, B. L. (2006). Magnesium technology. Germany: Springer.

[5]. Lee, C. Y., Lee, W. B., Yeon, Y. M., & Jung, S. B. (2005). Friction stir welding of dissimilar formed Mg alloys (AZ31/AZ91). In Materials Science Forum (Vol. 486, pp. 249- 252). Trans Tech Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4028/ www.scientific.net/MSF.486-487.249

[6]. Mishra, R. S., & Ma, Z. Y. (2005). Friction stir welding and processing. Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, 50(1-2), 1-78.

[7]. Mishra, R. S., De, P. S., & Kumar, N. (2014). Friction stir welding and processing: Science and engineering. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. https://doi. org/10.1007/978-3-319-07043-8_2

[8]. Mordike, B. L., & Ebert, T. (2001). Magnesium: Properties-Applications - Potential. Material Science Engineering, 302, 37-45.

[9]. Parmar, R. S. (2010). Welding engineering and technology. New Delhi, India: Khanna Publishers.

[10]. Robert Jr, W. (2004). Messler: Principles of welding processes, Physics, Chemistry, and Metallurgy. New Delhi, India: Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.

[11]. Somasekharan, A. C., & Murr, L. E. (2004). Microstructures in friction-stir welded dissimilar magnesium alloys and magnesium alloys to 6061-T6 aluminum alloy. Materials Characterization, 52(1), 49-64. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.matchar.2004.03.005

[12]. Sunil, B. R., Reddy, G. P. K., Mounika, A. S. N., Sree, P. N., Pinneswari, P. R., Ambica, I., ... & Amarnadh, P. (2015). Joining of AZ31 and AZ91 Mg alloys by friction stir welding. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 3(4), 330-334. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2015.10.002

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Research Paper

A Study on Influence of Surface Texturing of Tool on Tool Wear and Surface Roughness in Turning Process under Conventional Cooling Condition

V. Chengal Reddy * , M. Gayathri, T. Nishkala*, G. Maruthi Prasad Yadav****

*-**** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chadalawada Ramanamma Engineering College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Reddy, V. C., Gayathri, M., Nishkala, T., and Yadav, G. M. P. (2021). A Study on Influence of Surface Texturing of Tool on Tool Wear and Surface Roughness in Turning Process under Conventional Cooling Condition. i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 11(3), 20-28. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.11.3.17937

Abstract

Machining of AISI 4140 steel with conventional tools under dry cutting conditions, results in reduced tool life and poor surface quality due to their superior mechanical properties. The present work is focused on the machinability improvement of AISI 4140 steel material by reducing the decremental effects by employing the texture tool under wet condition. In the current work, new textured tools were developed by having circular pit holes over the tool rake face and the turning performance characteristics have been compared with both textured and conventional tools under wet cutting condition respectively. Results of the present study indicates that compared to conventional tools, textured tools significantly diminished the cutting temperature, tool wear and surface roughness to a maximum of 18%, 9% and 15% under wet cooling condition. Further, it has been observed that circular dimple texture design act as coolant storage under wet condition leading to better cooling condition at the cutting zone.

References

[1]. Amrita, M., Srikant, R. R., & Venkataramana, V. S. N. (2020). Optimisation of cutting parameters for cutting temperature and tool wear in turning AISI4140 under different cooling conditions. Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1080/237406 8X.2020.1795794

[2]. Arulkirubakaran, D., Senthilkumar, V., & Kumawat, V. (2016). Effect of micro-textured tools on machining of Ti–6Al–4V alloy: An experimental and numerical approach. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 54, 165-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm. 2015.07.027

[3]. Dinesh, S., Senthilkumar, V., & Asokan, P. (2017). Experimental studies on the cryogenic machining of biodegradable ZK60 Mg alloy using micro-textured tools. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 32(9), 979-987. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2016.1221096

[4]. Feng, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, L., Zhang, W., Tian, Y., & Kong, X., (2017). Fabrication techniques and cutting performance of micro-textured self-lubricating ceramic cutting tools by in-situ forming of Al2O3-TiC. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 68, 121- 129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2017.07.007

[5]. Gajrani, K. K., Pavan Kumar Reddy, R., & Ravi Sankar, M. (2019). Tribo-mechanical and surface morphological comparison of untextured, mechanical micro-textured (MμT), and coated-MμT cutting tools during machining. In Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 233(1), 95–111. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350650118764975

[6]. Hao, X., Chen, X., Xiao, S., Li, L., & He, N. (2018). Cutting performance of carbide tools with hybrid texture. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 97(9), 3547-3556. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00 170-018-2188-2

[7]. Karaaslan, F., & Şahinoğlu, A. (2020). Determination of ideal cutting conditions for maximum surface quality and minimum power consumption during hard turning of AISI 4140 steel using TOPSIS method based on fuzzy distance. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 45(11), 9145–9157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-04635-y

[8]. Kawasegi, N., Ozaki, K., Morita, N., Nishimura, K., & Yamaguchi, M. (2017). Development and machining performance of a textured diamond cutting tool fabricated with a focused ion beam and heat treatment. Precision Engineering, 47, 311-320. https://doi.org/10.1 016/j.precisioneng.2016.09.005

[9]. Khan, A.M., Hussain, G., Alkahtani, M., Alzabidi, A., Abidi, M.H., & He, N. (2021). Holistic sustainability assessment of hybrid Al–GnP-enriched nanofluids and textured tool in machining of Ti–6Al–4V alloy. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 112(3), 731-743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001 70-020-06371-x

[10]. Kumar, C. S., & Patel, S. K. (2018). Effect of WEDM surface texturing on Al₂O₃/ TiCN composite ceramic tools in dry cutting of hardened steel. Ceramics International, 44(2), 2510–2523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint. 2017.10.236

[11]. Liu, Y., Deng, J., Wu, F., Duan, R., Zhang, X., & Hou, Y. (2017). Wear resistance of carbide tools with textured flankface in dry cutting of green alumina ceramics. Wear, 372, 91-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2016.12.001

[12]. Orra, K., & Choudhury, S. K. (2018). Tribological aspects of various geometrically shaped micro-textures on cutting insert to improve tool life in hard turning process. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 31, 502-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2017.12.005

[13]. Palanisamy, D., Balasubramanian, K., Manikandan, N., Arulkirubakaran, D., & Ramesh, R. (2019). Machinability analysis of high strength materials with Cryo-Treated textured tungsten carbide inserts. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 34(5), 502-510. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/10426914.2019.1566612

[14]. Pang, M., Nie, Y., & Ma, L. (2018). Effect of symmetrical conical micro-grooved texture on tool–chip friction property of WC-TiC/Co cemented carbide tools. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 99(1), 737-746. https://doi.org/10.1007/s0017 0-018-2498-4

[15]. Sayuti, M., Sarhan, A. D., & Salem, F. (2014). Novel uses of SiO₂ nano-lubrication system in hard turning process of hardened steel AISI 4140 for less tool wear, surface roughness and oil consumption. Journal of Cleaner Production, 67, 265–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepr o.2013.12.052

[16]. Singh, R., Dureja, J. S., Dogra, M., Gupta, M. K., & Mia, M. (2019). Influence of graphene-enriched nanofluids and textured tool on machining behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 105(1), 1685-1697. https://doi.org/10.1007/s0 0170-019-04377-8

[17]. Sivaiah, P. (2019). Evaluation of hybrid textured tool performance under minimum quantity lubrication while turning of AISI 304 steel. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 41(12), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-019-2069-0

[18]. Sivaiah, P., & Uma, B. (2020). Effect of surface texture tools and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) on tool wear and surface roughness in CNC turning of AISI 52100 steel. Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C, 101(1), 85-95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40032-019-00512-2

[19]. Sivaiah, P., Ajay Kumar G, V., Singh M, M., & Kumar, H. (2020a). Effect of novel hybrid texture tool on turning process performance in MQL machining of Inconel 718 superalloy. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 35(1), 61-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2019.1697444

[20]. Sivaiah, P., Guru Prasad, M., Singh M, M., & Uma, B. (2020b). Machinability evaluation during machining of AISI 52100 steel with textured tools under Minimum Quantity Lubrication–A comparative study. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 35(15), 1761-1768. https://doi. org/10.1080/10426914.2020.1802034

[21]. Sivaiah, P., Revantha Kumar, M., Bala Subramanyam, S., & Prasad, K. L. V. (2020c). A comparative study on different textured and untextured tools performance in turning process. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2020.1866201

[22]. Sivaiah, P., Singh, M. M., Venkatesu, S., & Yoganjaneyulu, G. (2020d). Investigation on turning process performance using hybrid-textured tools under dry and conventional cooling environment. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/10 426914.2020.1813893

[23]. Sugihara, T., & Enomoto, T. (2017). Performance of cutting tools with dimple textured surfaces: A comparative study of different texture patterns. Precision Engineering, 49, 52–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2017.01.009

[24]. Thomas, S. J., & Kalaichelvan, K. (2018). Comparative study of the effect of surface texturing on cutting tool in dry cutting. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 33(6), 683-694. https://doi.org/10.1080/104269 14.2017. 1376070

[25]. Xing, Y., Deng, J., Zhao, J., Zhang, G., & Zhang, K. (2014). Cutting performance and wear mechanism of nanoscale and microscale textured Al₂O₃ /TiC ceramic tools in dry cutting of hardened steel. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 43, 46-58. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2013.10.019

[26]. Zhang, J., Yang, H., Chen, S., & Tang, H. (2020). Study on the influence of micro-textures on wear mechanism of cemented carbide tools. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 108, 1701-1712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05530-4

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Research Paper

Finite Element Analysis of Some Piston Materials of IC Engine

Gurmeet Singh Gahir* , Sacip**

*-** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Shakaracharya Group of Institutions, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India.

Gahir, G. S., and Kumar, S. (2021). Finite Element Analysis of Some Piston Materials of IC Engine. i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 11(3), 29-38. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.11.3.17955

Abstract

The analysis of IC engine piston is carried out using the finite element method to determine stress and displacement distribution due to the flue gas pressure and temperature. Simulation of an IC engine piston provides the necessary details which may be further used in the design process. The piston is subjected to mechanical and thermal loads under service conditions which need to be controlled. Temperature, type of fuel, engine speed, piston material etc. affects the performance of an IC engine. Deformation behavior of the piston material is analyzed through the CAE software and the response data is generated. A comparative study has been also carried out between an alloy and metal matrix composite which were used as a piston material. Response surface optimization is conducted using Taguchi design of experiments to determine design points. Under structural loading conditions, the metal matrix composite (MMC) performs better than the eutectic alloy. The piston crown area has been subjected to maximum deformation under structural and thermal loading conditions.

References

[1]. Barriga, J., Ruiz-de-Gopegui, U., Goikoetxea, J., Coto, B., & Cachafeiro, H. (2014). Selective coatings for new concepts of parabolic trough collectors. Energy Procedia, 49, 30-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.03.004

[2]. Buyukkaya, E., & Cerit, M. (2007). Thermal analysis of a ceramic coating diesel engine piston using 3-D finite element method. Surface and Coatings Technology, 202(2), 398-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007. 06.006

[3]. Cerit, M. (2011). Thermo mechanical analysis of a partially ceramic coated piston used in an SI engine. Surface and Coatings Technology, 205(11), 3499-3505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.12.019

[4]. Cioată, V. G., Kiss, I., Alexa, V., & Raţiu, S. A. (2017). Mechanical and thermal analysis of the internal combustion engine piston using Ansys. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 163, No. 1, p. 012043). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757- 899X/163/1/012043

[5]. Freiburg, D., Biermann, D., Peuker, A., Kersting, P., Maier, H. J., Möhwald, K., ... Otten, M. (2014). Development and analysis of microstructures for the transplantation of thermally sprayed coatings. Procedia CIRP, 14, 245-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2014. 03.054

[7]. Jaber, I. J., & Rai, A. K. (2014). Design and analysis of IC engine piston and piston-ring using CATIA and ANSYS software. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering & Technology (IJMET), 5(2), 64-73.

[8]. Jalaludin, H. A., Abdullah, S., Ghazali, M. J., Abdullah, B., & Abdullah, N. R. (2013). Experimental study of ceramic coated piston crown for compressed natural gas direct injection engines. Procedia Engineering, 68, 505-511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.12.213

[9]. Junker, H. K. (2011). Pistons and engine testing (Vol. 2). Wiesbaden: ATZ/MTZFachbuch (pp. 1-4).

[10]. Kumar, D. V., Kumar, P. R., & Kumari, M. S. (2013). Prediction of performance and emissions of a biodiesel fueled lanthanum zirconate coated direct injection diesel engine using artificial neural networks. Procedia Engineering, 64, 993-1002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pro eng.2013.09.176

[11]. Lima, L. G., Nunes, L. C., Souza, R. M., Fukumasu, N. K., & Ferrarese, A. (2013). Numerical analysis of the influence of film thickness and properties on the stress state of thin film-coated piston rings under contact loads. Surface and Coatings Technology, 215, 327-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.04.102

[12]. Lu, X., Li, Q., Zhang, W., Guo, Y., He, T., & Zou, D. (2013). Thermal analysis on piston of marine diesel engine. Applied Thermal Engineering, 50(1), 168-176. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.06.021

[13]. Mishra, P. C. (2014). A Review of Piston Compression Ring Tribology. Tribology in Industry, 36(3), 269-280.

[14]. Mittal, N., Athony, R. L., Bansal, R., & Kumar, C. R. (2013). Study of performance and emission characteristics of a partially coated LHR SI engine blended with n-butanol and gasoline. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 52(3), 285- 293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2013.06.005

[15]. Pandey, P. A. K., & Bajpai, D. D. L. (2016). Analysis and optimization of four stroke SI engine piston using finite element analysis in ANSYS software. International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development, 3(9), 16-27.

[16]. Rajam, C. V., Murthy, P. V. K., Krishna, M. M., & Rao, G. P. (2013). Design analysis and optimization of piston using CATIA and ANSYS. International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering & Science, 1(2), 41-51.

[17]. Roberts, A., Brooks, R., & Shipway, P. (2014). Internal combustion engine cold-start efficiency: A review of the problem, causes and potential solutions. Energy Conversion and Management, 82, 327-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. enconman.2014.03.002

[18]. Sagade, M. A. A., Shinde, N. N., & Patil, P. S. (2014). Effect of receiver temperature on performance evaluation of silver coated selective surface compound parabolic reflector with top glass cover. Energy Procedia, 48, 212- 222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.02.026

[19]. Sharma, T. K. (2015). Performance and emission characteristics of the thermal barrier coated SI engine by adding argon inert gas to intake mixture. Journal of Advanced Research, 6(6), 819-826. https://doi.org/10.101 6/j.jare.2014.06.005

[20]. Srinadh, M., & Rajasekhara, K. B. (2015). Static and thermal analysis of piston and piston rings. International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences, 3(8), 51-58.

[21]. Srivastav, N. K., Sahani, R. P., Kumar, A., Yadav, G., Sahani, R., Mishra, P. K., & Pandey, A. K. (2015). Finite element analysis of piston head by ABAQUS. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 6(5), 24-28.

[22]. Vaishali, R. N., & Khamankar, S. D. (2015). Stress analysis of piston using pressure load and thermal load. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 3(8), 1-8.

[23]. Wang, L., Zhong, X. H., Zhao, Y. X., Tao, S. Y., Zhang, W., Wang, Y., & Sun, X. G. (2014). Design and optimization of coating structure for the thermal barrier coatings fabricated by atmospheric plasma spraying via finite element method. Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 2(2), 102-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jascer.2014.01.006

[24]. Zhuravlev, V. D., Bamburov, V. G., Beketov, A. R., Perelyaeva, L. A., Baklanova, I. V., Sivtsova, O. V., ... Grigorov, I. G. (2013). Solution combustion synthesis of α- Al₂O₃ using urea. Ceramics International, 39(2), 1379- 1384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.07.078

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Research Paper

Conceptual Design and Study of Flow through a Dual Bell Nozzle at Different Altitudes using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Jithendra Sai Raja Chada* , Sri Ram Deepak Akella, Sashendra Srinivas Baswanth Pappula*, Ganesh Nathipam****

*-**** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pragati Engineering College, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Chada, J. S. R., Akella, S. R. D., Pappula, S. S. B., and Nathipam, G. (2021). Conceptual Design and Study of Flow through a Dual Bell Nozzle at Different Altitudes using Computational Fluid Dynamics. i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 11(3), 39-45. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.11.3.18057

Abstract

The engine's interpretative thrust production, such as nozzles, has been restructured for higher staging. Modern expansions of combustion systems, such as rocket nozzles, will be adjusted to meet the needs of today's applications. The bell and dual bell nozzles are an example of such advancements. From the four fundamental types of bell nozzles, one such bell nozzle is chosen. The parabolic shape optimised the thrust of an axisymmetric nozzle. The basic goal of constructing a bell nozzle is to produce as little shock waves as possible. A dual bell is explored and studied in this work using CFD flow. The main focus is on the design and analysis of dual bells based on altitudes ranging from 2, 5, 7, 10, 12, 15, inlet mass flow rate of 5 kg/s, inlet temperature of 1200 K, and NRP value of 12. We had performed simulation to the design and flow simulation with the help of SolidWorks 2020 by adjusting the value of inlet pressure of the fluid and calculating with the help of ambient pressure with regard to altitude. Flow simulation is done in a three-dimensional model.

References

[1]. Akib, Y. M., Kabir, A., & Hasan, M. (2017, December). Characteristics analysis of dual bell nozzle using computational fluid dynamics. In 3^rd International Conference on Mechanical Industrial and Materials Engineering (ICMIME).

[2]. Barklage, A., Loosen, S., Schröder, W., & Radespiel, R. (2019, July). Reynolds number influence on the hysteresis behavior of a dual-bell nozzle. In Proceedings of the 8^th European Conference for Aerospace Sciences (EUCASS).

[3]. Barklage, A., Radespiel, R., & Genin, C. (2018). Afterbody jet interaction of a dual-bell nozzle in supersonic flow. In 2018, Joint Propulsion Conference (pp. 4468- 4482). https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4468

[4]. Beena, D., Baloni, Kumar, S. P., Channiwala, S. A. (2017). Computational analysis of bell nozzles. In Proceedings of the 4^th International Conference of Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer (FFHMT'17) Toronto, Canada. https://doi.org/10.11159/ffhmt17.110

[5]. Chada, J. S. R., Ragu, P. C., & Bhaskar, A. P. (2020). Study on conceptual design and shape optimization of pintle nozzle of a rocket. i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 10(4), 14-22. https://doi.org/10. 26634/jme.10.4.17480

[6]. Davis, K., Fortner, E., Heard, M., McCallum, H., & Putzke, H. (2015). Experimental and computational investigation of a dual-bell nozzle. In 53^rdAIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting.

[7]. Ferlauto, M., & Marsilio, R. (2003). Numerical design of dual-bell nozzle. 17^th AIDAA Congress, Rome, Italy.

[8]. Génin, C., Schneider, D., & Stark, R. (2020). Dual-bell nozzle design. In Future Space-Transport-System Components under High Thermal and Mechanical Loads (pp. 395-406). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.10 07/978-3-030-53847-7_25

[9]. Genin, C., Stark, R., Karl, S., & Schneider, D. (2012, July). Numerical investigation of dual bell nozzle flow field. In 48th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit (pp. 4164-4172). https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-4164

[10]. Nürnberger-Génin, C., & Stark, R. (2007). Experimental study of dual bell nozzles. In 2^nd European Conference for Aerospace Sciences (EUCASS).

[11]. Schneider, D., Stark, R. H., Génin, C., Oschwald, M., & Kostyrkin, K. (2018). Operation mode transition of filmcooled dual-bell nozzles. In 2018, Joint Propulsion Conference (p. 4467-4484). https://doi.org/10.2514/6.20 18-446

[12]. Sreenath, K. R., & Mubarak, A. K. (2016). Design and analysis of contour bell nozzle and comparison with dual bell nozzle. International Journal for Research in Education, 3(6), 52-56.

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Review Paper

A Review Paper on Design and Analysis of Control ARM

Anuj Awasthi * , Ravindra Kumar Ambikesh**

* Department of Computer Aided Design-Mechanical Engineering, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Awasthi, A., and Ambikesh, R. K. (2021). A Review Paper on Design and Analysis of Control ARM. i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 11(3), 46-52. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.11.3.18055

Abstract

Suspension system acts as an important mechanical structure in vehicles to achieve ride comfort and stability. This suspension system comprises of a system of springs, dampers and linkages which connects the chassis to its wheels. The performance of the suspension system directly affects the ride comfort and handling safety of the vehicle. Therefore, the suspension system of a vehicle needs to be durable, light weight, efficient and structurally stable. Researchers are optimizing and refining their suspension system designs in search of perfect ride comfort coupled with stable race-worthy handling. In the suspension system, the control arm acts as most important part and it is assumed as the research object now-a-days. This paper covers essential aspects of vehicle suspension systems. This paper begins with the introduction of the role of suspensions in cars and a description of their main components and types of suspension system. Then, a literature review on recent developments in the design and analysis of control arm including their disadvantages and advantages has been provided. Finally, the scope of future work in the design and analysis of control arm is discussed.

References

[1]. Appleyard, M., & Wellstead, P. E. (1995). Active suspensions: Some background. IEE Proceedings-Control Theory and Applications, 142(2), 123-128. https://doi.org/ 10.1049/ip-cta:19951735

[2]. Cao, J., Liu, H., Li, P., & Brown, D. J. (2008). State of the art in vehicle active suspension adaptive control systems based on intelligent methodologies. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 9(3), 392-405. https:// doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2008.928244

[3]. Deore, H. S., Aware, S., Wani, C., & Sonawane, D. (2018). Design and analysis of double wishbone suspension system for an ATV. International Conference on Recent Trends in Engineering & Technology (ICRTET) (pp. 571-574).

[4]. Goodarzi, A., & Khajepour, A. (2017). Vehicle suspension system technology and design. Synthesis Lectures on Advances in Automotive Technology, 1(1), 1- 77. https://doi.org/10.2200/S00767ED1V01Y201704MEC0 02

[5]. Gunjan, P., & Sarda, A. (2018). Optimization approach of front lower wishbone suspension arm. International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education (IJARIIE), 4(2), 305- 308.

[6]. Ijagbemi, C. O., Oladapo, B. I., Campbell, H. M., & Ijagbemi, C. O. (2016). Design and simulation of fatigue analysis for a vehicle suspension system (VSS) and its effect on global warming. Procedia Engineering, 159, 124-132.

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i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering (JME)

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Volume 11 Issue 3 May - July 2021

Friction Stir Welding of Similar AZ91 Mg Alloy Sheets: Studies on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

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Finite Element Analysis of Some Piston Materials of IC Engine

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*-** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Shakaracharya Group of Institutions, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India.

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A Review Paper on Design and Analysis of Control ARM

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* Department of Computer Aided Design-Mechanical Engineering, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. ** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

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V. Chengal Reddy * , M. Gayathri, T. Nishkala*, G. Maruthi Prasad Yadav****

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* Department of Computer Aided Design-Mechanical Engineering, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.