i-manager's Journal on Power Systems Engineering (JPS)


Volume 9 Issue 3 August - October 2021

Research Paper

Automatic Power Improvement using Aurduino Microcontroller

Sumana S.* , Vybhav Nag M. G**, Chandana S.***, Vivekananda G. L****, Anil B. S.*****
*-***** Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore, India.
Sumana, S., Nag, V. M. G., Chandana, S., Vivekananda, G. L., and Anil, B. S. (2021). Automatic Power Improvement using Aurduino Microcontroller. i-manager’s Journal on Power Systems Engineering, 9(3), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.26634/jps.9.3.16249

Abstract

The needs for new sources of energy is limitless, and at the same time wastage of the electrical energy due to the lagging power factor in the inductive loads are never realized. Hence, there is an urgent need to avoid this wastage of energy. The power factor basically shows how much of the supplied energy is used. The maximum value of power factor is unity. Thus, the closer the power factor value is unity, the higher the energy efficiency or the lower the losses. In electrical terms, power factor is basically defined as the ratio of active power to reactive power, or as the phase difference between voltage and current. Active power does useful work, while reactive power does not do useful work, but is used to create the magnetic field required by the device resulting in loss of power. Here it presents a prototype for automatic power factor correction using the 8-bit (Advanced Virtual RISC) AVR microcontroller “Atmega328” and where RISC stands for Reduced Instruction Set Computer. Power factor correction with capacitor banks reduces reactive power consumption, which minimizes losses and at the same time increases the efficiency of the electrical system. Power saving issues and reactive power management have lead to the development of single-phase capacitor banks for domestic applications. The development of this project is to improve and modernize the operation of single-phase capacitor banks by developing a control system based on a microcontroller. The control unit will be able to control the individual capacitors in the capacitor bank and will operate in stages depending on the change in power factor. A current transformer and a voltage transformer are used to measure the current and voltage in a circuit to determine the power factor. The intelligence of this microcontroller system ensures consistent use of capacitor steps, minimizing switching functions and improving power factor correction.

Research Paper

Power Quality Improvement using Ant Colony Optimized Pi Controller for Shunt Active Power Filter

B. Chiranjeev Rao* , Vishnu Sahu**, Rishi Kant Garg***
*-*** Department of Electrical Engineering, Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India.
Rao, B. C., Sahu, V., and Garg, R. K. (2021). Power Quality Improvement using Ant Colony Optimized Pi Controller for Shunt Active Power Filter. i-manager’s Journal on Power Systems Engineering, 9(3), 12-19. https://doi.org/10.26634/jps.9.3.16916

Abstract

Currently, electrical loads used by various consumers are non-linear in nature such as industrial, residential and commercial loads. All these nonlinear loads require harmonic current for their operation and the power quality of the electrical system decreases due to variation or distortion in the harmonic components of the load current. Efficiency of the power system network also gets reduced due to same harmonic component of line current. Basically, an active power shunt filter produces a harmonic current that is the same as a non-linear load, but in opposite phase. Proposed work is focused on the reduction of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). In this work, simulation of Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) is done under different load conditions. Proportional Integral (PI) controller is the main block of the whole model. In order to determine the gain values of the PI block, optimization algorithm such as Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm and Genetic Algorithm (GA) are used. In this paper, comparative study for obtaining the Kp and Ki values of PI controller is explained using ACO and GA optimization. This work shows the effectiveness of the ACO algorithm to obtain the best values of Kp and Ki that leads to the minimum possible total harmonic distortion. This paper demonstrates the application of the proposed method for harmonic elimination under different load conditions simulated using MATLAB.

Research Paper

Grid-Connected Hybrid Based Multi-Input Transformer-Coupled Bidirectional DC-DC Converter

Rajesh R. * , Karthik R.**, Elango K.***
*-*** Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Valliammai Engineering College, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
Rajesh, R., Karthik, R., and Elango, K. (2021). Grid-Connected Hybrid Based Multi-Input Transformer-Coupled Bidirectional DC-DC Converter. i-manager’s Journal on Power Systems Engineering, 9(3), 20-28. https://doi.org/10.26634/jps.9.3.16836

Abstract

In this paper, a control strategy for power flow management for a grid-connected hybrid photovoltaic (PV)–wind battery based system with an efficient multi input transformer coupled bidirectional DC–DC converter is presented. The proposed system works on with to satisfy the load demand, manage the power flow from different sources, inject the surplus power into the grid, and charge the battery from the grid as or when required. A transformer-coupled boost half-bridge converter is used to harness power from wind, while a bidirectional buck–boost converter is used to harness power from PV battery charging or discharging control. The proposed converter architecture has reduced number of power conversion stages with less components and condensed losses compared with existing grid-connected hybrid systems. This improves the efficiency and the reliability of the system. Simulation results obtained using MATLAB/Simulink shows the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy for power flow management under various modes of operation.

Research Paper

Hysteretic Controlled Smart Grid System with Enhanced Response

Yamunaa P.* , Karthik R.**, Elango K.***
*-*** Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM Valliammai Engineering college, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
Yamunaa, P., Karthik, R., and Elango, K. (2021). Hysteretic Controlled Smart Grid System with Enhanced Response. i-manager’s Journal on Power Systems Engineering, 9(3), 29-35. https://doi.org/10.26634/jps.9.3.16760

Abstract

In recent times, smart grids are alternatives to the conventional generation systems. This effort investigates open-loop response of Hysteretic Controlled Smart Grid System (HCSGS). The objective of the proposed smart-grid system is to improve the dynamic response of open-loop smart-grid system using suitable intelligent controller. Models were developed for Proportional Integral (PI) and Hysteretic Controller (HC) based on Smart Grid Systems (SGS). Simulation is performed and the result of load voltage shows an improved dynamic performance by employing HC. The investigations indicate that HCSGS has low settling time &decreased steady state error.

Research Paper

Estimation and Minimization of Corona Loss for Moose Bundle Conductor in HV Line by using Soft Computing Technique

S. Sahu* , S. D. Swain**, P. K. Ray***, P. S. Puhan****
*-** Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, O.P. Jindal University, Raipur, India.
*** Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India.
**** Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sreenidhi Institue of Science and Technology, Hyderabad, India.
Sahu, S., Swain, S. D., Ray, P. K., and Puhan, P. S. (2021). Estimation and Minimization of Corona Loss for Moose Bundle Conductor in HV Line by using Soft Computing Technique. i-manager’s Journal on Power Systems Engineering, 9(3), 36-42. https://doi.org/10.26634/jps.9.3.16705

Abstract

Corona occurs in transmission lines when the surface voltage gradient of the line conductor reaches the breakdown stress. In such, a loss of power and energy dissipation, called as corona loss. The bundled conductors reduce the reactance of the transmission line, thereby reducing corona losses. This paper analyze corona loss with modeling of transmission line and also analyze the voltage gradient of bundle conductors by using Maxwell's potential matrix. The scheme is mainly based on conductor spacing by using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique where the robustness of the proposed scheme is ensured by considering number of sub-conductors i.e. for two-in, three-in, four-in, six-in and eight-in bundled conductor.