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i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering and Technology (JFET)

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Biomaterial Strategies for Immune System Enhancement and Tissue Healing
Qualitative and Quantitative Performance Optimization of Simple Gas Turbine Power Plant using Three Different Types of Fuel
Efficient Shopping: RFID-Powered Cart with Automated Billing System
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A Critical Review on Biodiesel Production, Process Parameters, Properties, Comparison and Challenges
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Volume 11 Issue 4 May - July 2016

Research Paper

Performance Benefits of Sports Equipment Produced Using Rapid Prototyping Techniques

Tom Page*

Senior Lecturer, Loughborough Design School, United Kingdom.

Page, T. (2016). Performance Benefits of Sports Equipment Produced Using Rapid Prototyping Techniques. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 11(4), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.11.4.8107

Abstract

Rapid prototyping is an advancing technology that allows the manufacture of parts through layering material, unlike conventional methods of manufacture that typically removes material. The process is becoming more and more popular within different industries because of the capabilities that it can provide; there are also many applications of this process that can create improved products from how they were originally manufactured. The aim of this project is to evaluate how 3D printing techniques can affect athlete's performances when applied to the design of sports equipment, through looking at how rapid prototyping is used within sport. Interviews with athletes that have experience using 3D printed sports equipment would prove very useful to his project, however, the arrangement of this interview may prove difficult. Further investigation and review of current and proposed rapid prototyping projects will also be another research method used through this project.

References

[1]. Bogue, R. (2013). “3D Printing: The Dawn of a New Era in Manufacturing?”. Assembly Automation, Vol. 33. pp. 307-311.

[2]. Caffrey, T and Wohlers, T. (2013). “Additive Manufacturing: Going Mainstream”. Manufacturing Engineering, pp. 67-73.

[3]. Cycling Weekly, (2015). Hour Record. (Accessed – Web. 23rd December 2015).

[4]. EOS.(2015). Improved Runner Performance with EOS Industrial 3D-Printing Technology. Retrieved on 11^th March 2016 from http://www.eos.info/case_studies/eosindustrial- 3D-printing-technology-for-runners-shoes

[5]. EPSRC, (2012). World First 3D Printed Sports Wheelchair Seat used by Paralympics Games. Retrieved on 19^thOctober 2015 from http://www.3ders.org/articles/ 20120904-world-first-3d-printed-sports-wheelchair-seatused- by-paralympics-games.html

[6]. Explorable.com, (2009). Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Retrieved on 23^rd December 2015 from https:// explorable.com/ quantitative-and-qualitative-research

[7]. Fletcher, R and Upcraft, S. (2003). “The Rapid Prototyping Technologies”. Assembly Automation, pp. 318-330.

[8]. Forrester, E; Gyi, D and Salles, A. (2011). “Evaluation of The Short and Medium Term use of Insoles for Personalised Footwear”. Footwear Science, Vol. 3, pp. 144-145.

[9]. Gyi, D and Salles, A. (2012a). “Delivering Personalised Insoles to the High Street using Additive Manufacturing”. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, pp. 386-400.

[10]. Gyi, D; and Salles, A. (2012b). “An Evaluation of Personalised Insoles Developed using Additive Manufacturing”. Journal of Sports Sciences, pp. 442-450.

[11]. Halterman, TE. (2015). “GRiTT 3D Creating Custom 3D Printed Sports Mouthguards”. Retrieved from on 19^thDecember 2015 http://3dprint.com/46434/gritt-3d-3dprinted- mouth guards

[12]. Halterman. TE, (2015). “Hydra Guard, a 3D Printed Mouthpiece which Hydrates the Athlete During a Game”. Retrieved on 19^th October 2015 from http://3dprint.com/ 48555/hydra-guard-mouth-guard

[13]. Horvath. J, (2014). “Mastering 3D Printing”. Open Source, pp. 21-25.

[14]. Lipson, H and Kurman, M. (2013). “Fabricated-The New World of 3D Printing”. (Accessed-Web. 19th December 2015).

[15]. Karwowski, W and Salvendy, G. (2010). “The Specification and Evaluation of Personalised Footwear for Additive”. Advances in Human Factors Ergonomics, and Safety in Manufacturing and Service Industries. Manufacturing, pp. 355-366.

[16]. Manoharan, V; Meng Chou, S; Forrester, S; Boay Chai, G and Wah Kong, P. (2013). “Application of additive manufacturing techniques in sports footwear”. Virtual and Physical Prototyping, pp. 249-252.

[17]. Ming, C and Nannan, G. (2013). “Additive Manufacturing: Technology, Applications and Research Needs”. Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering, pp. 215- 243.

[18]. Morelle, R. (2013). “Working Gun Made with 3D Printer”. Retrieved on 15^th March 2016 from http:// www.bbc.co.uk/news /science-environment-22421185

[19]. Newman, J. (2012). “Paralympics Athletes Benefit from 3D Printing”. Retrieved on 19 December 2015 from http://www.rapid readytech.com/2012/09/paralympicsathletes- benefit-from-additive-manufacturing/

[20]. O'Connor, D. (2015). “Sir Bradley Wiggins Attempts World Record with 3D Printed Handlebars”. Retrieved on 12^thOctober 2015 from http://www.tctmagazine.com/3Dprinting- news/sir-bradley-wiggins-attempts-world-recordwith- 3d-printed-ha

[21]. Paralympics.org.uk., (2012). Ade Orobemi. Retrieved on 28^th December 2015 from http://www. paralympics.org.uk/gb/ athletes/ade-orogbemi

[22]. Shuttleworth M, (2008). “Case Study Research th Design”. Retrieved on 27^th December 2015 from https:// explorable.com/case-study-research-design

[23]. Simon, (2015). “Sir Bradley Wiggins Breaks Cycling's th Hour Record with 3D Printed Handlebars”. Retrieved on 12^th October 2015 from: http://www.3ders.org/articles /20150608-sir-bradley-wiggins-breaks-cycling-hourrecord- with-3d-printed-handlebars.html

[24]. Wikipedia, (2015a). List of Olympic Medallists in Fencing (men). Retrieved on 23^rd December 2015 from https://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists _in_fencing_(men)

[25]. Wikipedia, (2015b). List of Olympic Medallists in Fencing (women). Retrieved on 23^rd December 2015 from https://en. Wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_ medalists_in_fencing_(women)

[26]. Wrenn, E. (2012). “From the wheelchair based on an F1 car to the 'Terminator' exo-skeleton suit: How technology is transforming the Paralympics”. Retrieved on 28^th December 2015 from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/ sciencetech/article-2198013/Paralympics-2012-Howtechnology- transforming-Games.html

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Research Paper

Effect of Fermentation Time on the Physicochemical Properties of Palm Oil

Uche Chidiebere* , Ekumankama E.O, Ogba Promise Adaku*, Uche Kelechi****

Doctorial (Ph.D) Candidate, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.

Professor, Department Of Food Science Technology, Ebonyi State University Abakalikinigeria.

Department Of Food Science Technology, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Nigeria.

**** Department Of Biochemistry, Federal University Of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.

Chidiebere, U., Ekumankama, E.O., Adaku, O.P., and Kelechi, U. (2016). Effect of Fermentation Time on the Physicochemical Properties of Palm Oil. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 11(4), 14-23. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.11.4.8109

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of fermentation time on the physicochemical characteristics of palm oil. The palm fruit samples used were divided into two groups with each being divided into four portions. One group was boiled during processing while the other group was not boiled. The two groups were evaluated and processed in batches separately, for three days, six days, twelve days, and fourteen days of fermentation using a traditional method of processing. A comprehensive range of physicochemical properties, namely: free fatty acid, moisture content, peroxide value, saponification value, iodine value, refractive index, freezing point, flash point, smoke point, and specific gravity were determined. The coefficient correlation of the effect of fermentation showed that, there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the FFA, Iodine Value, Moisture Content, Saponification Value, Smoke point and Freezing Point, but no significant difference (P > 0.05) in Peroxide Value, Flash Point and unboiled samples for specific gravity and refractive index. Three days and six days of fermentation were seen to be ideal for the processing of palm oil as the values obtained gave the best product characteristics that are acceptable for international quality standards for palm oil. There is a need to avoid storing palm fruits beyond 6 days of fermentation before processing in order to produce high quality palm oil.

References

[1]. Adjei-Nsiah, S. Zu, K.S.A. and Bani, R.J. (2012). “Effect of processing equipment and duration of storage of palm fruits on palm oil yield and quality in the Kwaebibrem District, Ghana. 2012”. Agricultural Research and Reviews, Wudpecker Research Journals, Vol. 1(1), pp. 18 - 25.>

[2]. AOAC, (2002). Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington, DC, USA, Vol. 20, pp. 95-224.

[3]. Bek-Nielsen B (1977). “Quality Preservation and Testing of Malaysian Palm Oil from fresh fruit bunches to the oil refinery”. In: International Society of Planters, Kuala, Lampur, Malaysia, pp. 159-168.

[4]. Chin AGH, and Tan BK (1977). The Quality of Solvent Extracted Palm Oil”. International Development in Palm Oil, Earp, D. A. and Newall, W. (Eds), pp. 169-186.

[5]. Cornelius, J.A. (1977). “Progress towards International Standards for crude palm oil”. In Symposium on Oil Palm Processing and Marketing, Kuala Lumpur, 1976

[6]. Edem, D.O, (2002). “Palm oil: Biochemical, physiological, Nutritional, hematological and Toxicological aspects: A review”. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr., Vol. 57(3-4), pp. 319-311.

[7]. Esechie HA, (1978). “Mesocarp Oil and free fatty acid accumulation in oil palm fruits during ripening”. Nig. Agri. J., Vol. 15, pp. 114-129.

[8]. Fraziar W.C, Westoff D.C, (1978). Food Microbiology. 3rd Ed, Tata Mcgraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New York. 170.

[9]. Hartley, C.W.S. (1988). The Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), Third edition, London.

[10]. Ituem, E. U. U. and Modo, I.V.O, (2000). “The effect of the fermentation period on palm oil production in Eastern Nigeria using traditional methods”. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, Vol. 8, pp. 2-3.

[11]. Johansson, G., and Pehlergard, P.O. (1977). “Aspects on Quality of Palm Oil”. In International Developments in Palm Oil, Ed., D. A. Earp and W. Newell, Kuala Lumpur, pp20-23..

[12]. Mbata, T.I. and Orji,M. U. (2008). “Effect of extraction methods on the quality and spoilage of Nigerian palm oil”. African Journal of Biochemistry Research, Vol. 2(9), pp. 192-196,

[13]. National Agency for Food Administration and Control (NAFDAC, 1982). Manual of Chemical Method of Food Analysis. Bencox International limited, Surulere Lagos, Vol. 5, pp. 35-38.

[14]. NIS, (1992). “Nigerian Industrial Standards”. Standard for Edible Vegetable Oil, pp. 5-12.

[15]. Ohimain, E. I., Daokoru-Olukole, C., Izah, S. C. and Alaka, E. E. (2012). “Assessment the quality of crude palm oil produced by smallholder processors in Rivers state, Nigeria”. Nigerian Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Vol. 8(2), pp. 28-34.

[16]. Onwuka, G. I. (2005). “Food analysis and instrumentation: Theory and Practice”. Naphthali Prints, Lagos Nigeria.

[17]. Poku, K. (2002). “Small-scale palm oil processing in Africa. Agriculture and Consumer Protection”. FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin, Vol. 148, pp. 62.

[18] . Purseglove JW, ( 1 9 9 5 ) . Tropical Crops Monocotyledons, Vol. 1 and 2, Longman Group Ltd., pp. 479-509.

[19]. Rossel, J.B. (1999). “Measurement of Rancidity”. In Rancidity in Foods, Ed by Allen JC and Hamilton RJ, UK. Aspen Publishers, pp. 22-51.

[20]. Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON). (2000). Standards for Edible Refined Palm Oil and its Processed Form, pp. 2-5.

[22]. Wolves Perges A (1969). “Factors affecting the quality of palm oil. In: the quality and marketing of palm products Turner”. P. (Ed). The Society of Planters, Malaysia. pp. 42-57.

[23]. Herbalzym (2012). The Fermented Red Palm Oil Miracle.

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Research Paper

CFD Analysis of the Effect of Internal Plates on Natural Convection in a Sodium Filled Bottom Heated Cylindrical Enclosure

Jasmin Sudha A* , Nashine B.K, Selvaraj P.*

A. Jasmin Sudha * B.K. Nashine P. Selvaraj *
*-*** Safety Engineering Division, FRTG, IGCAR, Kalpakkam, India.

Sudha, A.J., Nashine, B.K., and Selvaraj, P. (2016). CFD Analysis of the Effect of Internal Plates on Natural Convection in a Sodium Filled Bottom Heated Cylindrical Enclosure. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 11(4), 24-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.11.4.8112

Abstract

Natural convection in enclosures has numerous industrial applications, such as cooling of electronic equipment, emergency core cooling in nuclear reactors, and energy storage systems. A cylindrical cavity with aspect ratio (H/D) of 0.5, filled with liquid metal sodium is analyzed numerically for the natural convection setting inside the cavity due to the heated bottom side. The top of the cavity is cooled. Apart from the bottom wall heat source, there are two more plates which serve as either partitions or as additional internal heat sources in the cavity. The effect of their presence and their temperature on steady state thermal and velocity fields is evaluated in this analysis. The analysis has been carried out using the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) code, PHOENICS (Parabolic Hyperbolic Or Elliptic Numerical Integration Code Series). The peak natural convective velocity is compared for different cases when the internal plates act as heat sources or as simple partial partitions inside the cylindrical enclosure. It is evident from the analysis that, natural convection is reduced inside the cavity when partial partitions are present in the cavity either in the form of heated plates or unheated plates.

References

[1]. Akins, R.G. and Lin, Y.S., (1986). “Transient Behaviour of Natural Convection inside a Vertical Cylinder”. Chemical Engineering Communication, Vol. 43, pp. 69-83.

[2]. Bazylak, A., Djilali, N. and D. Sinton, (2006). “Natural convection in an enclosure with distributed heat sources”. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A, Vol. 49, pp. 655–667.

[3]. Fontana E., Silva A., and Mariani, V.C., (2011). “Natural convection in a partially open square cavity with internal heat source: An analysis of the opening mass flow”. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 54, pp. 1369–1386.

[4]. Horanyi, S., Krebs, L., and Muller, U., (1999). “Turbulent Rayleig Benard convection in low Prandtl-number fluids”. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 42, pp. 3983-4003.

[5]. Lin, W. and Armfield, S.W., (1999). “Direct simulation of natural convection cooling in a vertical circular cylinder”. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 42, pp. 4117–4130.

[6]. Lin, W. and Armfield, S.W., (2001). “Natural convection cooling of rectangular and cylindrical containers”. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, Vol. 22, pp. 72–81.

[7]. Lin, W. and Armfield, S. W., (2004). “Scaling analysis and direct simulation of unsteady natural convection th cooling of fluid with Pr < 1 in a vertical cylinder”. 15 Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-4.

[8]. Martyushev, S.G. and Sheremet, M.A., (2014). “Conjugate natural convection combined with surface thermal radiation in an air filled cavity with internal heat source”. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Vol. 76, pp. 51-67.

[9]. Sharif, M.A.R. and Mohammad, T.R., (2005). “Natural convection in cavities with constant flux heating at the bottom wall and isothermal cooling from the sidewalls”. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Vol. 44, pp. 865–878.

[10]. Sheriff N., and Davies N.W., (1979). “Liquid metal natural convection from plane surfaces, a review including recent sodium measurements”. Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, Vol. 1(4), pp. 149-154.

[11]. Silva, A.K., Lorente, S. and Bejan, A., (2004). “Optimal distribution of discrete heat sources on a wall with natural convection”. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 47, pp. 203–214.

[12]. Sudha, A.J. and Velusamy, K., (2013). “Numerical analysis of natural convection in sodium plenum below the grid plate of a fast reactor during a severe accident”. Annals of Nuclear Energy, Vol. 54, pp. 120–128.

[13]. Viskanta, R., Kim, D.M. and Gau, C., (1986). “Three dimensional natural convection heat transfer of a liquid metal in a cavity”. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 29, pp. 475-485.

[14]. Voronov, S.A., Kiryushin, A.I. and Kuzavkov, N.G., (1994). “Evaluation of down motion time interval of molten materials to core catcher during CDA postulated in LMFR”. Proceedings of IWGFR-89, pp. 545-551.

[15]. Wu, W. and Ching, C.Y., (2010). “Laminar natural convection in an air-filled square cavity with partitions on the top wall”. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 53, pp. 1759–1772.

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Research Paper

Design and Performance Analysis of Solar Still For Water Purification

N. Annapurna Devi* , Sekhar K.**

* Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering, Vizianagaram, A.P, India.

** UG Scholar, Department of Chemical Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering, Vizianagaram, A.P, India.

Devi, N.A., and Sekhar, K. (2016). Design and Performance Analysis of Solar Still For Water Purification. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 11(4), 32-38. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.11.4.8114

Abstract

The world demand for potable water is steadily increasing with the rise in population, Since there is limited availability of potable water resources and plenty of impure water available for potential conversion into potable water. Water desalination using solar energy is a suitable alternative for potable water production from impure water. The main purpose of this study is to design a water distillation system that can purify water from any source. It is cheap, reliable and depends only on renewable solar energy. A solar still was designed with an airtight basin, in which saline or contaminated water is evaporated and condensed on the top cover for collection. During the process, the collected water is purified and clean water is obtained. The designed model is a single basin solar still of 600 mm x 350 mm base area, and glass cover of the still was inclined at 30 °C. Temperature of glass cover, temperature of impure water inside still and humidity were recorded continuously. The solar still produces 1.2 litres of pure water from 15 litres of dirty water during 6 hrs of time. From the results obtained it can be concluded that, as solar intensity increases the production of distillate would be higher. So, the solar still converts the impure water into pure water using the renewable solar energy. The incoming solar radiation from the sun heats the water and this water gets evaporated and condensed into pure drinkable water.

References

[1]. Jackson RB, Carpenter SR, Dahm CN, NcKnoght DM, Naiman RJ, Postel SL, and Running SW, (2001). “Water in a Changing World”. Ecological Applications, Vol. 11(4), pp. 1027-1045.

[2]. Tiwari G, Singh H, and Rajesh T, (2003). “Present Status of Solar Distillation”. Solar Energy, Vol. 75, pp. 367-373.

[3]. S.A. Kalogirou, (2005). “Seawater Desalination Using Renewable Energy Sources”. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 242-281.

[4]. V. Velmurugan and K. Srithar, (2011). “Performance Analysis of Solar Stills on various Factors Affecting the Productivity”. Renewable Energy and Sustainable Energy, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 1294-1304.

[5]. K. Murugavel, K.K.S. Chockelingam and K. Srither, (2008). “Progresses on Improving the Effectiveness of the Single Basin Passive Solar Still”. Desalination, Vol. 220, No. 1-3, pp. 677-686.

[6]. G.N. Tiwari, H.N. Singh and R. Tripathy, (2003). “Present Status of Solar Distillation”. Solar Energy, Vol. 75, No. 5, pp. 367-373.

[7]. O.O. Badran and M.M. Abu-khader, (2007). “Evaluating thermal Performance of a Single Slope Solar Still”. Heat And Mass Transfer, Vol. 43, No. 10, pp. 985-995.

[8]. I. Al-Hayek and O.O. Bardan, (2004). “The Effect of Using Different Designs of Solar Stills on Water Distillation”. Desalination, Vol. 169, pp. 121-127.

[9]. S. Abdallah, O. Badran and M.M. Abu-Khader, (2008). “Performance Evaluation of a Modified Design of a Single-Basin Solar Still”. Desalination, Vol. 219, No. 1-3, pp. 222-230.

[10]. M.T. Chabi, (2000). “An Overview of Solar Desalination for Domestic and agriculture water needs in Remote Arid Areas”. Desalination, Vol.127, pp.119-133.

[11]. A.N. Minasian, A.A. Al-Karaghouli and S.K. Habeeb, (1997). “Utilization of a Cylindrical Parabolic Reflector For Desalination of Saline Water”. Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 38, pp. 701-704.

[12]. M.ABD Elkader, (1988). “An Investigation of the Parameters Involved in Simple Solar Still with Inclined Yute”. Renewable Energy, Vol. 14, pp. 333-338.

[13]. G.M. Capelletti, (2002). “An Experiment with a Plastic Solar Still”. Desalination, Vol. 142, pp. 221-227.

[14]. Ç.Tõrõs, (1996). “Experimental Studies on Selective Coated Flat Plate Collectors Integrated Solar Stills”. Ph.D. Thesis, Ege University, Izmir.

[15]. S. Kumar, G.N. Tiwari and H.N. Singh, (2000). “Annual Performance of an Active Solar Distillation System”. Desalination, Vol. 127, pp. 79-88.

[16]. M. Boukar and A. Harmim, (2001). “Effect of Climatic Conditions on Performance of a Simple Basin Solar Still”. Desalination, Vol. 137, pp.15-22.

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Research Paper

Kinematic Analysis and Workspace of a New Four Legged 3-Dof Parallel Manipulator with No Parasitic Motions

Harish Mandalaparthy* , Mohan Rao N.**

* Research Scholar, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada (JNTUK), Andhra Pradesh, India.

** Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering & Controller of Examinations, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada (JNTUK), Andhra Pradesh, India.

Mandalaparthy, H., and Rao, N.M. (2016). Kinematic Analysis and Workspace of a New Four Legged 3-Dof Parallel Manipulator with No Parasitic Motions. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 11(4), 39-47. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.11.4.8115

Abstract

All the 3-DOF (Degrees Of Freedom) parallel manipulators with three legs having three joints in each leg (3-PRS,3-PPS,3- PSP, and 3-RPS) are suffering from parasitic motions, and it is not possible to eliminate parasitic motions as they are inherent in their structure. In this present work, a new manipulator with three actuating legs (PSPR), and a passive constraint leg (PU) is proposed. As the actuations and constraints are separated, the constraint leg restricts the moving platform to move in unwanted directions and hence the parasitic motions are eliminated. Therefore, the manipulator is an accurate positioning device. The constituent equations are derived from the architecture of the manipulator. The problem of direct kinematics is solved and demonstrated through a numerical example. The inverse kinematics equations are differentiated with respect to time to obtain Jacobian matrices. Singularity analysis is carried out to identify singular positions. The workspace is represented in 3D space by taking rotation about x-axis as abscissa, rotation about yaxis as ordinate, and translation along z-axis as applicate.

References

[1]. Stewart, D. (1965–1966). “A Platform with Six Degrees of Freedom”. Proc. Institution of Mechanical Engineers (UK), Vol. 180, (Pt 1, No 15).

[2]. Tsai, L. W., (1998). “Systematic enumeration of parallel manipulators”. In: Parallel Kinematic Machines, C.R. Boer et al., Springer, Berlin, pp. 33-50.

[3]. L. Romdhane, Z. Affi and M. Fayet, (2002). “Design and Singularity Analysis of a 3-Translational-DOFIn-Parallel Manipulator”. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 124, pp. 419-426.

[4]. Karol Miller, (2002). “Maximization of Workspace Volume of 3-DOF Spatial Parallel Manipulators”. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 124, pp. 347-357.

[5]. Sameer Joshi and Lung-Wen Tsai, (2000). “Kinematics and Optimization of a Spatial 3-UPU Parallel Manipulator”. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 122, pp. 439- 446.

[6]. Doik Kim and Wan Kyun Chung, (2003). “Kinematic Condition Analysis of Three-DOF Pure Translational Parallel Manipulators”. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 125, pp. 323-331.

[7]. Michael Stock and Karol Miller, (2003). “Optimal Kinematic Design of Spatial Parallel Manipulators: Application to Linear Delta Robot”. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 125, pp. 292-301.

[8]. Marco Carricato and Vincenzo Parenti-Castelli, (2003a). “A Family of 3-DOF Translational Parallel Manipulators”. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 125, pp. 302-307.

[9]. Marco Carricato and Vincenzo Parenti-Castelli, (2003b). “Position Analysis of a New Family of 3-DOF Translational Parallel Manipulators”. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 125, pp. 316-322.

[10]. Han Sung Kim and Lung-Wen Tsai, (2003). “Kinematic Synthesis of a Spatial 3-RPS Parallel Manipulator”. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 125, pp. 92-97.

[11]. Sameer A. Joshi and Lung-Wen Tsai, (2003). “The Kinematics of a Class of 3-DOF, 4-Legged Parallel Manipulators”. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 125, pp. 52- 60.

[12]. C. H. Liu and Shengchia Cheng, (2004). “Direct Singular Positions of 3 RPS Parallel Manipulators”. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 126, pp. 1007-1017.

[13]. Qiong Jin and Ting-Li Yang, (2004). “Synthesis and Analysis of a Group of 3-Degree-of-Freedom Partially Decoupled Parallel Manipulators”. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 126, pp. 301-306.

[14]. Xin-Jun Liu and Jongwon Kim, (2005). “A New Spatial Three-DoF Parallel Manipulator With High Rotational Capability”. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, Vol. 10, No. 5, pp 502-512.

[15]. Yangmin Li, and Qingsong Xu, (2006). “Kinematic Analysis and Design of a New 3-DOF Translational Parallel Manipulator”. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 128, pp. 729-736.

[16]. Nalluri Mohan Rao and K. Mallikarjuna Rao, (2006). “Multi-position Dimensional Synthesis of a Spatial 3-RPS Parallel Manipulator”. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 128, pp. 815-819.

[17]. Xin-Jun Liu, Jinsong Wang and Jongwon Kim, (2006). “Determination of the Link Lengths for a Spatial 3- DOF Parallel Manipulator”. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 128, pp. 367-375.

[18]. Farhad Tahmasebi, (2007). “Kinematics of a New High-Precision Three-Degree-ofFreedom Parallel Manipulator”. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 129, pp. 320-325.

[19]. M. Ruggiu, (2009). ”Position Analysis, Workspace and Optimization of a 3-P PS Spatial Manipulator”. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 131, pp. 051010-1-9.

[20]. Payam Mahmoodi Nia and Ali Akbarzadeh Tootoonchi, (2009). “Closed form solution for Inverse and Direct Position analysis of a special 3-PSP Parallel Manipulator”. Annual International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, University of Tehran, pp.1-7.

[21]. Xin-Jun Liu, Jinsong Wang, Feng Gao, and Li-Ping Wang, (2001), “On the Analysis of a New Spatial Three- Degrees-of-Freedom Parallel Manipulator ”. IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, Vol. 17, No. 6, pp. 959-968.

[22]. Amir Rezaei, Alireza Akbarzadeh, Payam Mahmoodi Nia, and Mohammad-R. Akbarzadeh-T, R. Akbarzadeh-T, (2013). “Position, Jacobian and workspace analysis of a 3- PSP spatial parallel manipulator”. Elsevier Science Direct Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Vol. 29, pp. 158-173.

[23]. Pundru Srinivasa Rao, and Nalluri Mohan Rao, (2013). “Position Analysis of Spatial 3-RPS Parallel Manipulator ”. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robotic Research, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 80- 90.

[24]. Sameer A. Joshi and Lung-Wen Tsai, (2002). “Jacobian Analysis of Limited–DOF Parallel Manipulators”. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 124, pp. 254- 258.

[25]. Sameer Joshi and Lung-Wen Tsai, (2003). “A Comparison Study of Two 3-DOF Parallel Manipulators: One with Three and the Other with Four Supporting Legs”. IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 200-209.

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Volume 11 Issue 4 May - July 2016

Performance Benefits of Sports Equipment Produced Using Rapid Prototyping Techniques

Tom Page*

Senior Lecturer, Loughborough Design School, United Kingdom.

Page, T. (2016). Performance Benefits of Sports Equipment Produced Using Rapid Prototyping Techniques. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 11(4), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.11.4.8107

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Effect of Fermentation Time on the Physicochemical Properties of Palm Oil

Uche Chidiebere* , Ekumankama E.O**, Ogba Promise Adaku***, Uche Kelechi****

Chidiebere, U., Ekumankama, E.O., Adaku, O.P., and Kelechi, U. (2016). Effect of Fermentation Time on the Physicochemical Properties of Palm Oil. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 11(4), 14-23. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.11.4.8109

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CFD Analysis of the Effect of Internal Plates on Natural Convection in a Sodium Filled Bottom Heated Cylindrical Enclosure

Jasmin Sudha A* , Nashine B.K**, Selvaraj P.***

A. Jasmin Sudha * B.K. Nashine ** P. Selvaraj *** *-*** Safety Engineering Division, FRTG, IGCAR, Kalpakkam, India.

Sudha, A.J., Nashine, B.K., and Selvaraj, P. (2016). CFD Analysis of the Effect of Internal Plates on Natural Convection in a Sodium Filled Bottom Heated Cylindrical Enclosure. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 11(4), 24-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.11.4.8112

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Design and Performance Analysis of Solar Still For Water Purification

N. Annapurna Devi* , Sekhar K.**

* Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering, Vizianagaram, A.P, India. ** UG Scholar, Department of Chemical Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering, Vizianagaram, A.P, India.

Devi, N.A., and Sekhar, K. (2016). Design and Performance Analysis of Solar Still For Water Purification. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 11(4), 32-38. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.11.4.8114

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Kinematic Analysis and Workspace of a New Four Legged 3-Dof Parallel Manipulator with No Parasitic Motions

Harish Mandalaparthy* , Mohan Rao N.**

* Research Scholar, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada (JNTUK), Andhra Pradesh, India. ** Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering & Controller of Examinations, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada (JNTUK), Andhra Pradesh, India.

Mandalaparthy, H., and Rao, N.M. (2016). Kinematic Analysis and Workspace of a New Four Legged 3-Dof Parallel Manipulator with No Parasitic Motions. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 11(4), 39-47. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.11.4.8115

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Uche Chidiebere* , Ekumankama E.O, Ogba Promise Adaku*, Uche Kelechi****

Jasmin Sudha A* , Nashine B.K, Selvaraj P.*

A. Jasmin Sudha * B.K. Nashine P. Selvaraj *
*-*** Safety Engineering Division, FRTG, IGCAR, Kalpakkam, India.

* Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering, Vizianagaram, A.P, India.

** UG Scholar, Department of Chemical Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering, Vizianagaram, A.P, India.

* Research Scholar, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada (JNTUK), Andhra Pradesh, India.

** Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering & Controller of Examinations, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada (JNTUK), Andhra Pradesh, India.