i-manager Publications

i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering and Technology (JFET)

Current Issue Vol. 20 Issue 1

Biomaterial Strategies for Immune System Enhancement and Tissue Healing
Qualitative and Quantitative Performance Optimization of Simple Gas Turbine Power Plant using Three Different Types of Fuel
Efficient Shopping: RFID-Powered Cart with Automated Billing System
Medical Drone System for Automated External Defibrillator Shock Delivery for Cardiac Arrest Patients
A Critical Review on Biodiesel Production, Process Parameters, Properties, Comparison and Challenges
Review on Deep Learning Based Image Segmentation for Brain Tumor Detection

Most Cited

Volume 8 Issue 3 February - April 2013

Research Paper

Numerical Simulation Of Turbulent Flow And Local Heat Transfer Coefficient Over A Horizontal Step

Yasser Rihan*

* Associate Professor, Hot Lab. Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt.

Rihan , Y. (2013). Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flow and Local Heat Transfer Coefficient Over A Horizontal Step. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 8(3), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.8.3.2216

Abstract

This paper deals with a numerical analysis to investigate the heat transfer and the fluid flow behavior in a rectangular channel with a horizontal step on one principal wall. A mathematical model is proposed to simulate the heat transfer process inside the heat exchangers. The model is based on the conservation equations of continuity, momentum and energy. The two equations of turbulence model ‘k-ε’ are also applied. The implicit scheme of finite volume method is used for solving the coupled differential equations with iterative procedure. Thereby, the degree of flow separation is varied by changing the step height. The step height ratio (b/H) ranging from 0.25 to 0.75. The Reynolds number ranges from 10,000 to 80,000. The results show that the local heat-transfer coefficients in the separated reattached and redeveloped regions are several times as large as those for a fully developed flow. In general, the increase of the heat transfer coefficient owing to flow separation is accentuated as the Reynolds number increases. The comparison between the presented model and previously published experimental data shows a good agreement.

References

[1]. Dalle Donne, M., and Meyer, L. (1977). Turbulent convective heat transfer from rough surfaces with two-dimensional rectangular ribs, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 20, pp. 583-620.

[2]. Zhu, Z., Yang, H., and Chen, T. (2010). Numerical study of turbulent heat and fluid flow in a straight square duct at higher Reynolds numbers, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 53, pp. 356-364.

[3]. Meyer, J.P., and Olivier, J.A. (2011). Transitional flow inside enhanced tubes for fully developed and developing flow with different types of inlet disturbances: Part II–heat transfer, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 54, pp. 1598-1607.

[4]. Dalle Donne, M. (1975). The development of the gas cooled fast breeder reactor, karl wirtz, gewidmet zum 65. Geburtstag, KFK 2200, In beitrage zur kerntechnik.

[5]. Melese D'Hospital, G. (1973). Merit index for gas cooled reactor heat transfer, Nucl. Sci. Engng., Vol. 50, pp. 83-85.

[6]. Lee, S.H. (2010). Numerical study of convective heat transfer to supercritical water in rectangular ducts, Int. Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 37, pp. 1465-1470.

[7]. Barbosa Saldana, J.G., Anand, N.K., and Sarin, V. (2005). Numerical simulation of mixed convection flow over a horizontal backward facing step, J. of Heat Transfer, Vol. 127, pp. 1027-1036.

[8]. Eaton, J.K. and Johnston, J.P. Sep. (1981). A review of research on subsonic turbulent flow reattachment, AIAA Journal, Vol. 19, No. 9.

[9]. Kim, B.N. and Chung, M.K. Oct. (1994). Experimental study of roughness effect on the separated flow over a backward-facing step, AIAA Journal, Vol. 33, No. 1.

[10]. Acharya, S., Dutta, S. and Myrum, T.A. (1998). Heat transfer in turbulent flow past a surface-mounted two-dimensional rib, J. of Heat Transfer, Vol. 120, pp. 724-734.

[11]. Chandra, P.R., Alexander, C.R. and Han, J.C. (2003). Heat transfer and friction behaviors in rectangular channels with varying number of ribbed walls, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 46, pp. 481-495.

[12]. Jenn-Jiang Hwang (1998). Heat transfer-friction characteristic comparison in rectangular ducts with slit and solid ribs mounted on one wall, J. of Heat Transfer, Vol. 120, pp. 709-716.

[13]. Karwa, R., Solanki, S.C. and Saini, J.S. (1999). Heat transfer coefficient and friction factor correlations for the transitional flow regime in rib-roughened rectangular ducts, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 42, pp. 1597-1615.

[14]. Michael, K., Jensen, and Alex Vlakancic (1999). Experimental investigation of turbulent heat transfer and fluid flow in internally finned tubes, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 42, pp. 1343-1351.

[15]. Tsia, J.P., and Hwang, J.J. (1999). Measurements of heat transfer and fluid flow in rectangular duct with alternate attached-detached rib-arrays, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 42, pp. 2071-2083.

[16]. Wu, S., Li, Y., Chen, Y., and Xiao, L. (2007). Exergy transfer characteristics of forced convective heat transfer through a duct with constant wall temperature, Energy, Vol. 32, pp. 2385-2395.

[17]. Mousa, M.G. (2013). Thermal performance of pin–fin heat sink subject in magnetic field inside rectangular channels, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 44, pp. 138-146.

[18]. Promvonge, P., Skullong, S., Kwankaomeng, S., and Thiangpong, C. (2012). Heat transfer in square duct fitted diagonally with angle-finned tape, Int. Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 39, pp. 617-624.

[19]. Hwang, S.D., Jang, I.H., and Cho, H. (2006). Experimental study on flow and local heat/mass transfer characteristics inside corrugated duct, Int. J. of Heat and Fluid Flow, Vol. 27, pp. 21-32.

[20]. Wu, S., Xiao, L., Chen, S., Li, Y., Xu, J., and Liu, C. (2012). Exergo-economic criteria for performance evaluation of enhanced heat transfer duct with constant wall temperature, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 36, pp. 393-402.

[21]. Lee, S. (2008). Convective heat transfer to water near the critical region in a horizontal square duct, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 51, pp. 2930-2939.

[22]. Zhang, L., and Chen, Z. (2011). Convective heat transfer in cross-corrugated triangular ducts under uniform heat flux boundary conditions, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 54, pp. 597-605.

[23]. Launder, B. E. and Spalding, D.B. (1972). Mathematical models of turbulence, Academic Press, London & NY.

[24]. Schlichting, H. (1968). Boundary layer theory, McGraw Hill, N.Y, pp. 553-586.

[25]. Hinze, J.O. (1959). Turbulence, McGraw Hill, N.Y.

[26]. Mc Guirk, J. J., May (1975). Prediction of turbulent buoyant jets in co-flowing streams, Ph.D. Thesis, Imperial College.

[27]. Bird, R.B., Stewart, W.E., and Lightfoot, E.N. (1960). Transport phenomena, Wiley International Edition, N.Y.

[28]. Jayatillaka, C.L.V. (1966). The influence of Prandtl number and surface roughness on the resistance of the laminar sub-layer to momentum and heat transfer, Imperial College, Mech. Eng. Dep., Report TWF/R/2.

[29]. Launder, B.E., and Spalding, D.B. (1973). The numerical computation of turbulent flows, Imperial College, M.E.D., Report HTS/73/2.

[30]. Spalding, D.B., and Jayatillaka, C.L.V. (1964). A survey of the theoretical and experimental information on the resistance of the laminar sub-layer to heat and mass transfer, Proceedings 2nd All Soviet Union Conference on HMT Minsk, USSR.

[31]. Kays, W.M., and Muffat, R.J. (1975). The behavior of transpired turbulent boundary layers, Academic Press, Edition by Launder, B.E.

[32]. Patankar, S.V. (1980). Numerical heat transfer and fluid flow, Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.

[33]. Tong-Miin Liou, J., Hwang and Chen, S. (1993). Simulation and measurement of enhanced turbulent heat transfer in a channel with periodic ribs on one principal wall, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 36, pp. 507-517.

[34]. Nie, J.H., and Armaly, B.F. (2003). Reattachment of three-dimensional flow adjacent to backward-facing step, ASME J. Heat Transfer, Vol. 125, pp. 422-428.

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Research Paper

Modeling Of Laser Lithotripsy Technique

Munqith S. Dawood* , Wedyan H. Rejah**

* Associate Professor, Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.

** Msc Student, Department of Medical Engineering, Baghdad, Iraq.

Dawood , M. S., and Rejah, W. H. (2013). Modeling of Laser Lithotripsy Technique. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 8(3), 11-21. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.8.3.2217

Abstract

<p>Different lasers are used in intra corporeal lithotripsy. They differ in their wavelengths, pulse durations, and pulse energies. One of the most recently used laser in surgery is the Ho:YAG laser. It is introduced for both of the soft tissue ablation and lithotripsy applications. The use of this laser in lithotripsy is increasingly widespread, because it can fragment all stone types and produce tiny fragments, which can easily pass through the urinary tract. The mathematical models of this laser interaction with two urinary stones are considered and studied in this paper. They are based on the thermal effect calculations of Ho:YAG laser on these stones. The crater volumes and crater depths in both of the calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) hard stone and uric acid (UA) fragile stone were calculated as a function of the exposure radiant laser energy, number of pulses and pulse durations of thisHo:YAGlaser. The achieved theoretical results are close to other published practical results. It was found that the absorption of laser energy by the urinary stones is the most effective parameter, which makes the theoretical results comparable to the practical results.</p>

References

[1]. Lt Col AS Sandhu, Lt Col A Srivastava, Maj Gen P Madhusoodanan, Col T Sinha, Lt Col SK Gupta, Wg Cdr A Kumar, Wg Cdr GS Sethi, Lt Col R Khanna, (2007). “Holmium:YAG Laser for Intracorporeal Lithotripsy”, MJAFI; Vol. 63 : pp. 48-51.

[2]. Hans-Peter Berlien, Gerhard J. Müller, (2003). “Applied Laser Medicine”, 2nd edition, Berlin: New Yourk: Springer Inc.

[3]. Hyun Wook Kang, B.S.M.E.; M.S.M.E., (2006). “Enhancement of High Power Pulsed Laser Ablation and Biological Hard Tissue Applications”, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Texas at Austin, December.

[4]. Tennyson R. Silva Marcelo Maríngolo, (2000). “Intracorporeal Holmium:YAG Laser Lithotripsy -Current Stage”, Official Journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology, Vol.26, No.6: P. 584-590, November- December.

[5]. A. J. Welch, H. W. Kang, H. Lee, J. M. H. Teichman, (2004). “Calculus Fragmentation in Laser Lithotripsy”, Minerva Urologica Nefrologica, Vol.56, No. 1, P. 49-63.

[6]. Ho Lee, B.E.; M.E., (2003). “Pulsed Laser-Induced Material Ablation and Its Clinical Applications”, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Texas at Austin, August.

[7]. Alfred Vogel, Vasan Venugopalan, (2003). “Mechanisms of Pulsed Laser Ablation of Biological Tissues”, Chemical Reviews, Vol. 103, No. 2.

[8]. Kin Foong Chan, Bernard Choi, Gracie Vargas, Daniel X. Hammer, Brian Sorg, T. Joshua Pfefer, Joel M. H. Teichman, Ashley J. Welch, E. Duco Jansen, (2001). “Free Electron Laser Ablation of Urinary Calculi: An Experimental Study”, IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 7, NO. 6, November/December.

[9]. Stephen R. Uhlhorn, (2002). “Free Electron Laser Ablation of Soft Tissue: The Effects of Chromophore and Pulse Characteristics on Ablation Mechanics”, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, VanderbiltUniversity, August.

[10]. Joseph A. Izatt, Norris D. Sankey, Firooz Partovi, Maryanne Fitzmaurice, Richard P. Rava, Irving Itzkan, and Michael S. Feld, (1990). “Ablation of Calcified Biological Tissue Using Pulsed Hydrogen Fluoride Laser Radiation”, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 26. NO. 12, December.

[11]. HanQun Shangguan, (1996). “Local Drug Delivery with Microsecond Laser Pulses: In Vitro Studies”, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, PortlandStateUniversity, November.

[12]. E. Duco Jansena, Ton G. van Leeuwen, Massoud Motamedi, Cornelius Borst, Ashley J. Welch, (1995). “Partial Vaporization Model for Pulsed Mid-Infrared Laser Ablation of Water”, J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 78, No. l, P.1.

[13]. Gordon McKenzie, Claire Beck, Jo Mitchell, Benedikt Jean, Peter Bryanston-Cross, (2001). “Confined Tissue Ablation for Vitrectomy: a study at FELIX”, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

[14]. Z.X. Jiang, C. Whitehurst, T.A. King, (1991). “Basic Mechanisms in Laser Lithotripsy.1: Optoacoustic-mechanical Analysis”, Lasers in Medical Science Vol. 6:443, Baillière Tindall.

[15]. E. Ramachandran, P. Raji, K. Ramachandran, S. Natarajan, (2006). “Photoacoustic Study Of The Thermal And Optical Properties Of Hippuric Acid”,Cryst. Res. Technol., Vol. 41, No. 5, P. 481-486.

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Research Paper

Drag reduction using mixed solutions of hydrotrope and surfactant in gravity driven flow systems

M. Venkata Ramana* , Ch. V. Subbarao, P. V. Gopal singh*, Krishna Prasad K.M.M****

* M.Tec Student, MVGR College of Engineering, Andhra Pradesh, India.

- Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering, Andhra Pradesh, India.

* Professor and Head, Department of Chemical Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Ramana , V. K.V, Subbarao CH. V, Singh, P.V. G., and Prasad, K.M.M. K. (2013). SDrag Reduction Using Mixed Solutions of Hydrotrope and Surfactant in Gravity Driven Flow Systems. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 8(3), 22-27. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.8.3.2218

Abstract

Using drag reducing agents, experiments on efflux time are performed for ascertaining drag reduction during gravity draining of a liquid from a large cylindrical storage tank through an exit pipe. The drag reducing agents used are water soluble sodium salicycalate, a hydrotrope, Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, a cationic surfactant (CTAB) and mixed solutions consisting of CTAB and sodium salicylate(SS). The experiments are performed using different weight ratios of sodium salcylate and CTAB. Optimum concentrations for all the three cases have been established. The diameter of storage tank diameter of the exit pipe and lengths of exit pipe are kept constant while performing experiments. The experiments are also performed for different volumes of liquid in the tank. It has been observed that the optimum concentration (minimum efflux time) for all the cases is independent of volume of liquid in the tank. The drag reduction ( i.e reduction in efflux time) with mixed solutions of sodium salicycalate and CTAB at 100 ppm is observed to be comparable with that of CTAB alone at 1000 ppm.

References

[1]. Agulilar, G., Gaslijevic,K., and Mathys. E.F, (2006). “Reduction of friction in fluid transport: experimental investigation”, Revista Mexiciana De Fisca, 52(5), 444-452.

[2]. Choi, K.S.,Yang, X.,Calyton, B.R.,Glover, E.J., Alatar, M., Semenov, B.N and Kulik,V.M (1997). Turbulent drag reduction using complaint surfaces, Proc.royal soc.London, A, 453,2229-2240.

[3]. Drappier J, Divoux T, Amarouchene Y, Bertrand F, Rodts,S and Cadot O, J. Meunier and Daniel Bonn (2006). Europhys. Lett., 74 (2), pp. 362–368.

[4]. Donald D.Joye and Branden C. Barret, (2003). "The tank draining problem revisied :Do these equations actually work?” Can.J. Chem.Eng. 81, 1052-1057.

[5]. G.Santosh kumar, Subbarao, Ch.V and King, P, (2011). "Efflux time for two-exit pipe system” Int. J.App.Sci.Eng. 9 (4), 277-286.

[6]. Ferhat Hadri and Sylvain Guillou, (2010). “Drag reduction by surfactant in closed loop turbulent flow” Int.J.Eng.sci and tech.2(12).6876-6879.

[7]. Hart, P.W and Sommerfeld, J.T (1995). "Expressions for gravity drainage of annular and Toroidal containers”, Process Safety Progress. 14, 238-243.

[8]. Henoch, C., Krupenkin, T.N.,Kolonder, P., Taylor, J.A., Hodes, M.S.,Lyons,A.M.,Peguero, C and Breuer, K, (2006). "Turbulent drag reduction using super hydrophobic surfaces”, 3rd AIAA flow conference, San Francisco 5-8 June.

[9]. J. T. Sommerfeld and M. P. Stallybrass, (1992). Elliptical Integral Solutions for Drainage of Horizontal Cylindrical Vessels with Piping Friction, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 31(3) 743-745.

[10]. Jurban, B.A., Zurigat, Y.H., Al-shukri, M.S and Al-Busaidim H.H (2006). "The use of drag reduction agent and a detergent for drag reduction in a circulatory vertical flow, Poly.Plastics.Tech.Eng 45, 533-538.

[11]. P.V.Gopal Singh, Ch. V.Subbarao and P. Venkateswarlu, (2011). "Drag Reduction by Different Solutions of Polymers in Gravity Driven Flow”, Int.J.of Appl.Engg Res, Dindigul 1, 899-907.

[12]. Reddy, G.V.S.K and Subbarao, Ch.V, (2011). Comparison of efflux times between Cylindrical and spherical tanks through an exit pipe, Int.J. Eng.App.Sci (IJEAS),3, 61-68.

[13]. Subbarao Ch.V, King. P and Prasad, V.S.R.K. (2008). "Effect of polymer additives on the dynamics of a fluid for once through system”, Int.J.Fluid mech. Res., 35, 374-393.

[14]. Subbarao Ch.V, K. Mallikarjuna Rao, King, P, C. Bhasakara Sarma and Prasad, V.S.R.K, (2010). "Drag reduction by polymer additions in once through systems”, Int. J.Fluid mech.Res., 37, 391-405.

[15]. Subbarao, Ch.V, (2011). "Comparison of Efflux Time between Cylindrical and Conical Tanks Through an Exit Pipe”, Int.J. App.Sci.Eng. 9, 33-41.

[16]. Subbarao, Ch.V, Divya, P, Appala Naidu, D and King, P “Drag reduction by anionic surfactant solutions in gravity driven flow systems” accepted for publication in Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical engineering.

[17]. Subbarao, Ch.V, Phani kumar Yadav and King, P “Drag reduction by surfactant solutions in gravity driven flow systems” accepted for publication in Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering.

[18]. Subbarao, Ch.V, Madhavi, D. Appala Naidu and P. King “Use of Polymer Solutions for Drag Reduction in Gravity Driven Flow Systems” accepted for publication in International, Journal of Applied Science and Engineering (IJASE).

[19]. Victor S.L.vov., Anna Pomyalov, (2005). Itamar Procaccia and Vasil Tiberkevich, "Drag reduction by micro-bubbles –the limit of minute bubbles”, Phys.Rev. Lett. 94, 174502-1- 174502-4.

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Research Paper

Computation Of Total Exchange Areas Using Monte Carlo Method

Saurav Khanna* , Ugrasen Yadav, M.K.E. Prasad*

* B.Tech Student, Department of Chemical Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, India.

Deputy General Manager, Process & Technology (Technip KT India Ltd, Noida.

* Head, Process & Technology, Technip KT India Ltd, Noida.

Khanna, S. , Yadav , U., and Prasad , M. K. E. (2013). Computation of Total Exchange Areas Using Monte Carlo Method. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 8(3), 28-34. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.8.3.2219

Abstract

Monte Carlo method is widely used for the computation of total exchange areas in radiative heat transfer processes. This paper covers the development of a method based on classical probability distribution function and random numbers to evolve a computer algorithm for determination of total exchange areas in three dimensional furnace enclosures with emitting and absorbing surfaces.The method involves simulation of the pathways of a large number of beams carrying finite amount of energy from a specified surface zone inside an enclosure and tracing their routes until they get absorbed. Equations for beam tracings and intersection criteria have been developed for plane walls, rectangular paralleopiped and cylinders. Computed total exchange areas were found to be within 0.1% of theoretically calculated values of known shape factors for similar surface zones. The equations once verified can be applied to more complicated geometries by combining these basic shapes using zone method. Total exchange areas thus obtained can then be used in heat balance equations for multiple surface and gas zones to find the temperature and heat flux profile inside the furnace enclosure. These will be especially useful in modelling and simulation of reaction furnaces of unconventional shapes.

References

[1]. Hottel, H.C. and A.F.Sarofim, (1967). “Radiative transfer”, Mc-Graw Hill book company.

[2]. J.R. Howell and M. Perlmutter, (1964). “Radiant Transfer Through a Gray Gas Between Concentric Cylinders Using Monte Carlo”, Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 86 (2), pp. 169-179.

[3]. J.R. Howell and M. Perlmutter, (1964). “Radiant Transfer Through a Gray Gas Between Concentric Cylinders Using Monte Carlo”, Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 86 (2), pp. 169-179.

[4]. J. R. Howell (Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas), 1997 “The Monte Carlo Method in Radiative Heat Transfer”.

[5]. Hadi Ebrahimi, Akbar Zamaniyan, Jafar-Sadegh Soltan Mohammad Zadeh from Iran University os science and technology, 2004, “Three dimensional modelling of radiative heat transfer in furnaces.”

[6]. Gökmen DemIrkaya, December (2003). “Monte Carlo solution of a radiative heat transfer problem in a 3-d rectangular enclosure containing absorbing, emitting, and anisotropically scattering medium”. Basics of Monte Carlo simulations, Kai Nordlund 2006.

[7]. S. J. Hoff (Student member member ASAE), K. A. Janni (Associate member ASAE), (1989). “Monte Carlo Technique for the Determination of Thermal Radiation Shape Factors”.

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Research Paper

Unsteady MHD Free Convection And Chemically Reactive Flow Past An Infinite Vertical Porous Plate

M. C. Raju* , S.V.K. Varma, R. Ramakoteswara Rao*

* Head, Department of Humanities and Sciences, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and sciences, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Senior Professor, Department of Mathematics, S.V. University, Tirupati, A.P. India.

* Principal, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Autonomous), Rajampet, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Raju, M. C., Varma , S.V.K., and Rao, R. R. (2013). Sustainable Energy For Eco-Friendly Development. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 8(3), 35-40. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.8.3.2220

Abstract

This paper deals with the numerical study of an unsteady MHD free convection and mass transfer flow of dissipative fluid past an infinite vertical porous isothermal plate with heat generation and homogeneous chemical reaction. As the problem is governed by coupled nonlinear system of partial differential equations, exact solutions are not possible, hence explicit finite-difference method is employed. The effects of Magnetic parameter M and chemical reaction parameter K are examined on Velocity, Temperature and Concentration. The results are discussed through graphs. It is noticed that Velocity decreases with the increase in Magnetic parameter M and chemical reaction parameter K and Concentration decreases with the increase in K.

References

[1]. Siegel R, (1958). Transient free convection from a vertical flat plate, Trans. Amer. Soc. Mech.Eng, 8, 347–359.

[2]. Goldstein E. R. and Eckert G., (1960). The steady and transient free convection flow with. Uniformly heated vertical plate, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 1, 208- 218.

[3]. Gebhart, B., (1961). Transient natural convection from vertical elements, J. Heat Transfer (Trans ASME) 83C, 61-70.

[4]. Schetz A, and Eichhorn F., (1962). Unsteady natural convection in vicinity of a double infinite vertical plate, ASME. J. Heat Transfer, 84C, 334–338.

[5]. Menold E.R., and Yang K.T, (1962). Asymptotic solutions for unsteady laminar free convection on a vertical plate, ASME J. Appl. Mech., 29E, 124–126.

[6]. Sparrow E.M. and Gregg J.L., (1960). Nearly quasi-steady free convection heat transfer, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 82C, 258–260.

[7]. Chung P.M. and. Anderson A.D, (1961). Unsteady laminar free convection, ASME, J. HeatTr., 83C, 473–478.

[8]. Goldstein R.J. and Briggs D.C., (1964). Transient free convection about plates and circular cylinders, ASME, J. Heat Tr., 86C, 490–500.

[9]. Gebhart B., (1962). Effects of viscous dissipation in natural convection, J. Fluid Mech., 14, 225–232.

[10]. Soundalgekar, V.M., Gupta, S.K and Aranake, R.N., (1979). Free convection flow of an incompressible viscous dissipative, Nuclear engg. Des. Vol. 51, 403-407.

[11]. Soundalgekar V.M., Pohanerkar S.G. and Lahurikar R.M., (1997). Transient free convection flow of an incompressible viscous dissipative fluid, Warme und Stoff, 32, 301–305.

[12]. Raptis A. A., (1982). Free convection and mass transfer effects on the flow past an infinite moving vertical porous plate with constant suction, Astrophys. Space Sci., 86, 43-48.

[13]. Agrawal H. L., RamP. Cand Singh S. S., (1980). Combined buoyancy effects of thermal and mass diffusion on MHD natural convection flows, Can. J. Chem Engng.58, 131-133.

[14]. Vajravelu K., (1978). Free convection heat transfer between two long vertical plates moving in opposite directions, Indian J. Tech., 16, 397-403.

[15]. Muttukumaraswamy. R, Chandrakala. P & Antoniraj. S., (2006). Thermal radiation effects on moving verticalplate with chemical reaction, Int. review of Pure and appl. Maths. Vol-2,206, pp. 1-12.

[16]. Chambre P.L. and Young J.D., (1958). On the diffusion of a chemically reactive Species in a laminar boundary layer flow, The Physics of Fluids, Vol. 1, pp.48-54.

[17]. Soundalgekar V. M., Bhatt J.P, and Mohiuddin M., (1979). Eeffects of free convection currents on the flow past an impulsively started infinite isothermal vertical plate, Int. J.Engng. sci. 17, 1283-.88.

[18]. Chamkha A.J, Al-Mudhaf A and Pop I, (2006). Effect of Heat Generation or Absorption on Thermophoretic Free Convection Boundary Layer From a Vertical Flat Plate Embedded in a Porous Medium, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Volume 33, pp.1096-1102.

[19]. Umavathi J.C, Chamkha A.J, Abdul Mateen, and Kumar J.P, (2008). Unsteady Magnetohydroynamic Two Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Horizontal Channel, International Journal of Heat & Technology, Volume 26, pp. 121-133.

[20]. Magyari E and Chamkha A.J, (2010). Combined Effect of Heat Generation or Absorption and First- Order Chemical Reaction on Micropolar Fluid Flows over a Uniformly Stretched Permeable Surface: The Full Analytical Solution, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Volume 49, pp. 1821-1828.

[21]. Patil P. M and Chamkha A. J, (2010). Unsteady Combined Heat and Mass Transfer from a Moving Vertical Plate in a Parallel Free Stream, International Journal of Energy & Technology, Volume 2, pp. 1-13.

[22]. Raju M.C, Varma S.V.K, & Ananda Reddy N.,(2012). Radiation and mass transfer effects on a free convection flow through a porous medium bounded by a vertical surface, Journal of Future Engineering and Technology, Vol. 7, No: 2, Nov’11-Jan’12, pp. 7-12.

[23]. Raju M.C, Varma S.V.K, (2011). Unsteady MHD free convection oscillatory couette flow through a porous medium with periodic wall temperature, Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, Vol.6, No.4. pp.7-12, May-July.

[24]. Ananda Reddy N, Varma S. V. K, and Raju M. C., (2009). Thermo diffusion and chemical effects with simultaneous thermal and mass diffusion in MHD mixed convection flow with ohmic heating., Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering 6, 84-93.ISSN: 1813-8235.

[25]. Reddy T.S, Varma S.V.K. & Raju M.C., (2012). Chemical reaction and radiation effects on unsteady MHD free convection flow near a moving vertical plate, i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering & Technology, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 11-20, May - July.

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Research Paper

Estimation of vertical coherence of ship Generated noise in the Bay of Bengal region

V. G. Sivakumar* , V. Rajendran**

* Research Scholar, Sathyabama University, Chennai.

** Professor, Departments of Physics/ ECE SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai.

Sivakumar , V.G., and Rajendran , V. (2013). Estimation of Vertical Coherence of Ship Generated Noise in The Bay of Bengal Region. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 8(3), 41-46. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.8.3.2221

Abstract

The Bay of Bengal sea area near by Chennai carries considerable amount of shipping. This mostly originates from traffic to and from the other major ports of India. Shipping noise is the most influence of ambient noise in shallow water areas close to shipping narrow ways . Shipping noise is most evident in the 50-300 Hz frequency range. Shallow water region acts as a high pass filter, with the cut-off frequency increasing as the water get shallower. There is an multiple bottom reflection encountered in shallow water region .So the spatial structure of the ambient noise field strongly depends on the geo acoustic properties of the seabed. The vertical directionality and coherence are stable feature of the ambient noise, which are determined by the seabed. These properties are not varied due to the surface source distribution. The ambient noise field in shallow water region is highly complex due to the waveguide nature of the shallow water environment. The automatic ambient noise measurement system deployed in shallow water region of the Bay of Bengal was used to determine the vertical coherence of ship generated noise. In this paper the vertical coherence for different sea state, level of spectrum and effect of ship noise forcing on coherence pattern are presented.

References

[1]. Dr.Ing Dietrick Wittekind (2009). “Challenges of ship technology” Germen Society of marine Technology.

[2]. Robert J. Uric (1983). “Principles of Underwater sound 1983 Edition.

[3]. C H Harrison (1995). Formulas for ambient noise level and coherence. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 99(4), 2055-2066.

[4]. Carbone N M, Deane G B and Buckingham M J (1997). Estimating the compressional and shear wave speeds of a shallow water seabed from the vertical coherence of ambient noise in the water column. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 103(2), 801-813.

[5]. Wysocki, L. E., and F. Ladich (2005a). Hearing in fishes under noise conditions. Journal of the Association in Research in Otolaryngology. 6, 28-36.

[6]. Sanjana M.C., Latha. G., and V. Rajendran (2009). Vertical cohrence of ambient noise in shallow water of bay of bengal. Pro.sympol 2009.

[7]. Ramji, S., Latha, G., Rajendran, V., & Ramakrishnan, S. (2008). Wind dependence of ambient noise in shallow water of Bay of Bengal, Applied Acoustics, 69, 1294-1298.

[8]. Paul A. van Walree, Jeffrey. A, Newham, Marco Shriver (2007). Coherent acoustic communication in tidal estuary with busy hipping traffic. J. Acoust. Soc.Am, 122(6). Dec 2007.

[9]. Urick, R.J. (1984). Ambient noise in the sea. Peninsula Publishing; 1984.

i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering and Technology (JFET)

Current Issue Vol. 20 Issue 1

Most Read

Most Cited

Volume 8 Issue 3 February - April 2013

Numerical Simulation Of Turbulent Flow And Local Heat Transfer Coefficient Over A Horizontal Step

Yasser Rihan*

* Associate Professor, Hot Lab. Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt.

Rihan , Y. (2013). Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flow and Local Heat Transfer Coefficient Over A Horizontal Step. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 8(3), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.8.3.2216

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Modeling Of Laser Lithotripsy Technique

Munqith S. Dawood* , Wedyan H. Rejah**

* Associate Professor, Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq. ** Msc Student, Department of Medical Engineering, Baghdad, Iraq.

Dawood , M. S., and Rejah, W. H. (2013). Modeling of Laser Lithotripsy Technique. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 8(3), 11-21. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.8.3.2217

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Drag reduction using mixed solutions of hydrotrope and surfactant in gravity driven flow systems

M. Venkata Ramana* , Ch. V. Subbarao**, P. V. Gopal singh***, Krishna Prasad K.M.M****

* M.Tec Student, MVGR College of Engineering, Andhra Pradesh, India. **-**** Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering, Andhra Pradesh, India. *** Professor and Head, Department of Chemical Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Ramana , V. K.V, Subbarao CH. V, Singh, P.V. G., and Prasad, K.M.M. K. (2013). SDrag Reduction Using Mixed Solutions of Hydrotrope and Surfactant in Gravity Driven Flow Systems. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 8(3), 22-27. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.8.3.2218

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Computation Of Total Exchange Areas Using Monte Carlo Method

Saurav Khanna* , Ugrasen Yadav**, M.K.E. Prasad***

* B.Tech Student, Department of Chemical Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, India. ** Deputy General Manager, Process & Technology (Technip KT India Ltd, Noida. *** Head, Process & Technology, Technip KT India Ltd, Noida.

Khanna, S. , Yadav , U., and Prasad , M. K. E. (2013). Computation of Total Exchange Areas Using Monte Carlo Method. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 8(3), 28-34. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.8.3.2219

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Unsteady MHD Free Convection And Chemically Reactive Flow Past An Infinite Vertical Porous Plate

M. C. Raju* , S.V.K. Varma**, R. Ramakoteswara Rao***

Raju, M. C., Varma , S.V.K., and Rao, R. R. (2013). Sustainable Energy For Eco-Friendly Development. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 8(3), 35-40. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.8.3.2220

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Estimation of vertical coherence of ship Generated noise in the Bay of Bengal region

V. G. Sivakumar* , V. Rajendran**

* Research Scholar, Sathyabama University, Chennai. ** Professor, Departments of Physics/ ECE SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai.

Sivakumar , V.G., and Rajendran , V. (2013). Estimation of Vertical Coherence of Ship Generated Noise in The Bay of Bengal Region. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 8(3), 41-46. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.8.3.2221

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

* Associate Professor, Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.

** Msc Student, Department of Medical Engineering, Baghdad, Iraq.

M. Venkata Ramana* , Ch. V. Subbarao, P. V. Gopal singh*, Krishna Prasad K.M.M****

* M.Tec Student, MVGR College of Engineering, Andhra Pradesh, India.

- Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering, Andhra Pradesh, India.

* Professor and Head, Department of Chemical Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Saurav Khanna* , Ugrasen Yadav, M.K.E. Prasad*

* B.Tech Student, Department of Chemical Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, India.

Deputy General Manager, Process & Technology (Technip KT India Ltd, Noida.

* Head, Process & Technology, Technip KT India Ltd, Noida.

M. C. Raju* , S.V.K. Varma, R. Ramakoteswara Rao*

* Research Scholar, Sathyabama University, Chennai.

** Professor, Departments of Physics/ ECE SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai.